Maestría en Ingeniería Civil con Mención en Estructuras Metálicas

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Start date: 2023Subject: search.filters.subject.REFORZAMIENTO ESTRUCTURAL

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    Evaluación estructural de un puente en el sector Yaguana del cantón Quijos.
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica. Maestría en Ingeniería Civil con Mención en Estructuras Metálicas., 2025) Yambay Guano Dolores; Cañizares Ortega Freddy Fernando
    The present study focused on the analysis and structural reinforcement of the bridge over the Yahuana River, which presented critical problems due to deformations, cracks and corrosion in its structure. The initial inspection revealed that the most affected girder suffered a complete torsion due to soil saturation after heavy rains, which caused deformations in the bracing and diagonals. In addition, cracks were observed in the bridge slab, causing corrosion in the reinforcement due to water infiltration. These problems were aggravated by the reduction of the minimum clearance of the bridge, compromising its safety and functionality. Analysis of both dead and live loads identified that the main girders had critical web slenderness, which made them susceptible to buckling under high loads. The maximum bending and torsional moments, as well as the vertical displacements, exceeded the regulatory limits established by AASHTO, which highlighted the need for structural strengthening. After the implementation of the strengthening, a significant improvement in the structural response of the bridge was observed. Vertical displacements were reduced by 71.16%, bending moments by 66.31% and torsional moments by 69.48%. These results confirmed that the proposed strengthening was effective in improving the stability and strength of the bridge, complying with the limits established by the AASHTO standards. The study demonstrated that the reinforcement by means of reinforcing plates in the web of type I girders is a viable solution to correct structural deficiencies in bridges with slenderness and buckling problems. In addition, it highlights the importance of performing detailed inspections and structural analysis to ensure the safety and functionality of critical infrastructure. Finally, it is recommended to implement a regular monitoring and maintenance program, as well as to improve the drainage system around the bridge to prevent future problems related to water infiltration and ground instability.
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    Evaluación de vulnerabilidad sísmica de edificaciones de estructuras metálicas en la parroquia Huachi Loreto, Ambato, Ecuador: Propuesta de reforzamiento estructural de una edificación representativa
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica. Maestría en Ingeniería Civil con Mención en Estructuras Metálicas, 2024-05) Balseca Pinos, Edgar Rafael; Chérrez Gavilanes, Diego Sebastián
    The city of Ambato is one of the areas with high seismic hazard in Ecuador, this parameter combined with the vulnerability of the buildings and the level of exposure, represent the level of seismic risk that could occur in seismic events. The seismic vulnerability of buildings allows us to quantify structural damage based on their own characteristics, being the only variable that can be influenced to reduce the level of risk, since it depends on aspects such as the type of structural system, presence of irregularities in plan and elevation, level of maintenance of the building, application of regulations and building codes. For this reason, it was essential to evaluate the existing metal structure buildings in the parish of Huachi Loreto, to provide an overview of the degree of vulnerability and seismic risk index that they present, and thus, apply a detailed vulnerability analysis for one of the most representative buildings and design a proposal for structural strengthening. To evaluate the seismic vulnerability, approved methodologies of rapid visual inspection were used through the forms established in the NEC 15, FEMA P-154 and FUNVISIS, these formats were adequate to evaluate a wide set of buildings in metal structure and collect general data of the parish Huachi Loreto, which showed that the vulnerability of the buildings is mostly high. Based on this study, the structure called EM09 corresponding to Plaza Pachano was selected to perform a more detailed vulnerability analysis using computational resources to apply the linear static and spectral modal method, with which the limits of floor drifts, basal shear and deflections were checked. The most relevant pathologies were the presence of corrosion, non-prequalified connections, inadequate assembly conditions, local and lateral buckling of the main and secondary elements. The strengthening strategy included increasing the cross-sections of the main elements until they were compact and also changing the secondary elements for more efficient sections. Finally, suggestions were made to maintain the structural system in favorable conditions for serviceability and seismic conditions.
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    Evaluación de vulnerabilidad sísmica de edificaciones de estructuras metálicas en la parroquia Izamba zona 1, Ambato, Ecuador: Propuesta de reforzamiento estructural de una edificación representativa
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica. Maestría en Ingeniería Civil con Mención en Estructuras Metálicas, 2023-03) Toapanta Tixilema, Hugo Fabián; López Velástegui, Jorge Enrique
    The city of Ambato has a high seismic hazard. For all the buildings that have been built and will be built are directly exposed to a high seismic risk. Therefore, it is necessary to perform a seismic vulnerability analysis of the structures and specifically those which have been built in areas with geological faults or that have been implemented in places where earthquakes have previously occurred and caused human or material losses. The Izamba parish is one of the areas with high seismic danger due to the previously mentioned factors. For this reason, it was necessary to evaluate the state in which the metal structure buildings were found in terms of the structural system they were built with, and the irregularities that were part of each building. The methodology carried out for the analysis was mixed, the FEMA P-154, NEC 15 and FUNVISIS rapid visual inspection forms used qualitative criteria to determine the degree of vulnerability of the buildings, while the detailed analysis with linear methods was quantitative. For the interpretation of the results, the NEC 15 and AISC 360 criteria were used because the buildings found in the area were of ordinary moment frames. A representative building in the area was selected to evaluate in detail the seismic vulnerability. In this case, a linear static and spectral modal analysis was performed. Subsequently, a structural reinforcement system was proposed and its efficiency was verified by means of the static and modal spectral analysis and the seismic-resistant design criteria established by the current regulations in force. Finally, computational tools were used for the structural calculation and verification of the proposed design.
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    Evaluación de la vulnerabilidad sísmica de edificaciones de estructuras metálicas en la parroquia Izamba (Zona 3), Ambato, Ecuador. Propuesta de reforzamiento estructural de una edificación representativa
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica. Maestría en Ingeniería Civil con Mención en Estructuras Metálicas, 2023-03) Vargas Aráuz, Ángela Verónica; López Velástegui, Jorge Enrique
    This research work shows the application of the rapid visual inspection methodology according to FEMA P-154, with which it is possible to identify, inventory and examine the possible seismic risks of the buildings evaluated and with this information decide if a detailed structural evaluation is necessary. The seismic vulnerability according to FEMA P-154 is expressed in terms of the probability of collapse of the structure, with this information you can manage contingency plans before and after earthquakes and inform the owner of the building the status and possibility of structural reinforcement. After carrying out the evaluation of the selected buildings, a representative structure was determined located in the Izamba parish of the city of Ambato, which was chosen for its level of importance and based on the results of the previous evaluation. With the data obtained from the rapid visual inspection and the documentation obtained from the representative building, a linear static analysis was carried out, with the application of the Ecuadorian construction standard, to determine the current behavior of the structure according to its efforts, displacements, and maximum permitted drifts. The structural analysis determined that the building presents great flexibility and fails in some members such as beams and columns. As a solution to the problem detected, structural reinforcement was chosen with steel diagonals to increase the rigidity of the structure and incorporate additional structural members that support seismic actions. The research was completed by performing the nonlinear static analysis known as Pushover of the reinforced building, from this analysis the capacity curve is obtained and the probable performance of the structure before the design earthquake can be verified.
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    Evaluación de vulnerabilidad sísmica de edificaciones de estructuras metálicas en la parroquia Santa Rosa zona 2, Ambato, Ecuador: propuesta de reforzamiento estructural de una edificación representativa
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica. Maestría en Ingeniería Civil con Mención en Estructuras Metálicas, 2023-03) Carranza Calero, Diego Mauricio; Caiza Sánchez, Pablo Enrique
    Seismic vulnerability is a magnitude that allows quantifying structural damage, failure modes and resistant capacity under the action of an earthquake, which is based on the characteristics of the structure. The present work was framed in the vulnerability analysis of metallic structures of the Santa Rosa parish, Zone 2, which has a high level of seismic hazard due to its location and proximity to several geological faults. It was found that most of the metal structure buildings analyzed present a high vulnerability index that indicates that they would suffer great damage in the event of an earthquake. The evaluation criteria used were based on three methodologies: NEC 15, FEMA P-154 and FUNVISIS: perform a more exhaustive analysis, draw vulnerability and seismic risk maps and identify a representative building to perform a detailed analysis and propose a reinforcement proposal, in this building three types of analysis were performed: static, spectral modal and Pushover to identify the critical points of the structure that should be reinforced.
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    Análisis de vulnerabilidad sísmica y reforzamiento estructural de la unidad nueva del Hospital Básico El Puyo, ubicado en la provincia de Pastaza, Ecuador
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica. Maestría en Ingeniería Civil con Mención en Estructuras Metálicas, 2023-03) Cáceres Vargas, Andrea Carolina; Caiza Sánchez, Pablo Enrique
    Seismic vulnerability in essential structures has been a subject of little analysis despite the importance that a building of this type entails, therefore, this research covers the constructive reality of the new unit of the Basic Hospital El Puyo, a structure built with regulations In force, however, the lack of technical criteria of the professionals who designed it significantly influenced the construction, generating cracking problems. During the development of this research, it was necessary to assess the vulnerability of this structure through quick visual inspections and the application of forms with the NEC 2015, FEMA P-154 and FUNVISIS methodologies. Then, non-destructive tests of concrete and soil tests were carried out in order to verify that the design plans have been respected. Subsequently, a mathematical model of this structure composed of two blocks was analyzed using structural design software, where, through a linear static analysis, it turned out that it presented torsion in one of its blocks, which is why a reinforcement was proposed. structural by means of steel stiffening diagonals in certain side frames. On the other hand, the current seismic performance of blocks 1 and 2 was considered, through a non-linear static analysis, obtaining as a result, that they do not meet the performance level for the rare design earthquake, since, the point The performance of these blocks is outside the capacity curve, its resistance being insufficient to meet the seismic requirements; Thus, under this criterion, the pushover was executed with the two reinforced structures, verifying that there is a good seismic performance. Finally, the soil-structure interaction analysis was carried out, verifying that the hospital unit presents permitted differential settlements.