Maestría en Ingeniería Civil con Mención en Estructuras Metálicas
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Item Estudio del comportamiento de la varilla ASTM A615 como perno de anclaje en la construcción de estructuras(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica. Maestría en Ingeniería Civil con Mención en Estructuras Metálicas, 2024-05) Fernández Sánchez, Luis Jaime; Peña Jordán, Francisco AgustínIn this research study, the performance of ASTM A615 rod as an anchor bolt in the construction of structures was studied in depth. The requirements for its design and construction were exhaustively detailed, covering crucial aspects such as the materials used and the stresses involved in the connections of metallic structures. The NEC SE EC "Metallic Structures" standard stands as an attempt to harmonize the U.S. standard with the Ecuadorian reality; however, the presence of materials adapted to the market by the local steel industry emphasizes the need to carry out correlational research between the various existing standards. In this research, a qualitative investigation was carried out linking different regulations with the concrete situation of the metallic structures market in Ecuador, taking into account the adaptation of materials by the local steel industry. The experimental design focused on specific parts and anchor bolt reactions, using an approach that involved the use of straight bolts cast in concrete blocks for mechanical and longitudinal tests. The results obtained revealed that ASTM A615 steel exhibits superior tensile strength compared to steels recommended by standards such as AISC 360_16. However, a potential limitation was identified related to its low elongation, which could have a negative impact on its performance under non-uniform loads. In addition, significant challenges were observed in the rebar threading process. Despite the outstanding mechanical properties presented by ASTM A615, it should be noted that the standard does not specifically recommend it for this purpose, highlighting the importance of considering multiple factors when selecting materials for specific structural applications.Item Estudio del comportamiento estructural de una edificación de 4 pisos de estructura metálica con aisladores sísmicos, en función de la dirección de la losa colaborante(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica. Maestría en Ingeniería Civil con Mención en Estructuras Metálicas, 2024-05) Jiménez Gavilánez, Alex Daniel; Peñafiel Valla, Lourdes GabrielaThis research arises from the uncertainty of whether the variation of the collaborating slab influences the behavior of the structure when it has base seismic isolators, with the purpose of identifying which would be the best option when choosing the direction in which This structural element would be placed and provide a guide for subsequent analyses. For this reason, in this research, the modeling of a structure was carried out using structural simulation software, taking into consideration the seismic specifications of the Ecuadorian Construction Standard (NEC-2015), to begin this degree work, it was located a building in the city of Ambato to obtain the site factors, it also has regularity in plan and elevation, with a level of importance for essential buildings, this building has an area of 540 square meters and a height of 14 meters; Once the structure was stabilized with the collaborating slab in the direction of the abscissa, the direction itself was varied perpendicular to the first, that is, parallel to the ordinates, thus creating a second structure to study. For the structures already stabilized by gravity loads, the calculation of the seismic isolators that were located at their bases was carried out. In the case of this study, an elastomeric isolator with a lead core or LRB type was considered, whose Data were entered into the structural simulation software for processing and analysis. Data on floor drifts, vibration periods, and displacements caused by the action of the design spectrum obtained with the parameters of the NEC 2015 and the time-history (TH) analysis based on the seismic records of the earthquake were obtained from the simulated structures. occurred in the city of Pedernales in 2016, with these data it was possible to carry out a comparative analysis of the behavior of both proposed structures.Item Evaluación de vulnerabilidad sísmica de edificaciones metálicas, hormigón y/o mixtas en la parroquia San Bartolomé de Pinllo, Ambato, Ecuador: propuesta de reforzamiento estructural del edificio de San Bartolomé(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica. Maestría en Ingeniería Civil con Mención en Estructuras Metálicas, 2023-03) Zúñiga Zamora, Libio Vladimir; Núñez Aldas, Galo WilfridoThe current degree project includes two parts, the first one deals with the study of the seismic vulnerability of existing buildings by using three methodologies, two international and one national, which will be carried out using the qualitative method of rapid visual inspection of houses, using the forms by the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA P - 154) standard, the Building Indexes for Seismic Risk Management of the Venezuelan Foundation for Seismological Research (FUNVISIS) and the Practical Guide for Seismic Evaluation and Rehabilitation of Structures, of the Ecuadorian Construction Standard (NEC 2015), each methodology will assign values and vulnerability indexes, and seismic prioritization to all buildings evaluated. The project will be carried out in a sample of buildings in the parish of San Bartolomé de Pinllo in the canton of Ambato, province of Tungurahua, to obtain vulnerability levels of the sector and assess the damage that may occur in buildings in an earthquake, hence the importance of proposing the research of modern systems of structural reinforcement. The buildings of the parish have vulnerabilities that are between medium-low and medium-high, which demonstrates the importance of applying these methods of rapid evaluation so that local governments can propose mitigation plans for seismic disasters. The second part of the research proposes the study of the steel building of the Decentralized Autonomous Government of San Bartolomé de Pinllo, with a special occupancy category, which is required to determine its structural behavior with the increase of two additional floors to the building, through static, linear dynamic and nonlinear analysis, respectively. To do so, three structural models of the 6-story building were applied. In the first one, linear static and dynamic analysis was developed, in which the effects of the loads and the equilibrium of the internal forces of the structure were determined, to obtain displacements and floor drifts according to the Ecuadorian Construction Standard (NEC 15); In the second model, it was possible to determine the behavior of the structural elements with the sections considered, which make up the building, through plastic ball joints, using a non-linear static analysis (PUSHOVER), to obtain an indicator of the performance of the existing structure. In the third structural model, viscous fluid-type energy dissipators with single diagonal-type configurations were implemented. In addition, three pairs of synthetic accelerogram records were considered, each with its two horizontal components N-S and E-W, parameters necessary to analyze the structure through a nonlinear dynamic analysis (Time-History), to obtain the behavior of the structure with more real data and control its effects resulting from the increase of the two required floors, with which results of the influence of the dissipators on the structure, floor drifts, displacements and performance levels were obtained. The structural elements and the proposed reinforcement system were designed based on the American Institute of Steel Structures Code (AISC 360-10), the American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE/SEI 41-17), and the Ecuadorian Construction Standard (NEC-15). Finally, the referential cost of the proposed reinforcement system was determined.Item Análisis comparativo de conexiones precalificadas con tipología soldadas y empernadas para un sistema SMF en un edificio de estructura metálica(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica. Maestría en Ingeniería Civil con Mención en Estructuras Metálicas, 2022-09) Merino Mora, Verónica Jackeline; Chávez Rubio, Luis EnriqueEcuador is located in areas where constant and significant earthquakes occur, currently it has been possible to denote the vulnerability of structural steel buildings to a severe earthquake. The scope of this work was to carry out a comparative analysis of prequalified connections with welded and bolted typology for an SMF system in a metal structure building. The ANSI/AISC 360-16 standard is the standard that establishes the specifications for designing steel structures, the ANSI/AISC 341-16 standard indicates the seismic provisions for structural steel buildings and the ANSI/AISC 358-16, which analyzes the prequalified connections for use in special moments and intermediate frames, the standards present a guide for the design of prequalified metallic connections that were used as an instrument for the different mathematical calculations, in addition, applying this methodology, a model of a steel structure was made . National and international standards were used for the study and the Etabs 2019 and Ram Connection software, both with student licenses, were used for the structural analysis. This research performs the comparative analysis of RBS, BFP, BUEEP and WUF-W prequalified connections, with welded and bolted typology for an SMF system in a metal structure building. A structural and economic analysis of the metal frame building is obtained, concluding that the elements that make up the connection in a metal frame building have an elastic behavior. In addition, it was observed that the RBS connection provides the best reliability so that the transfer in the beams (plastic hinge) prevails before that in the columns, as an energy dissipation mechanism and complying with the design philosophy. Regarding the analysis of the cost of steel in beams and columns, it was known that steel in welded beams and columns is cheaper than steel in bolted beams and columns, due to the materials, equipment, machinery and labor used. in the construction process of metal structures.Item Análisis del comportamiento estructural mediante el uso de aisladores sísmicos y disipadores de energía en un edificio de estructura metálica, aplicando la norma NEC-15(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica. Maestría en Ingeniería Civil con Mención en Estructuras Metálicas, 2022-08) Beltrán Vargas, Luis Miguel; López Arboleda, Gissela Vanessa; López Velástegui, Jorge EnriqueIn this project there is the need of understanding the dynamical behavior of the building, so there are three structural models that are presented, the first model consisted in an analysis of a conventional building. In the second and third models, seismic isolators and energy dissipators were incorporated, respectively, taking into consideration the criteria of the Ecuadorian Construction Standard (NEC 15), American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE 7-16, ASCE 41-13), American Institute of Steel Constructions (AISC 341-16). In the first stage of the analysis, the structure was analyzed and balanced, applying the recommendations of the NEC-15. Once the building was stabilized, the analysis of the conventional structure was carried out in order to determine floor drifts and displacements. Subsequently, the pre-dimensioning and corresponding design of the base seismic isolators was carried out, which were considered as elastomeric type devices with a lead core. In the third model, the design of the energy dissipators was carried out. With the necessary information, the values were entered into the calculation program to carry out the study of the structuralxv models. Once the structural model was generated in the software, data from the accelerograms were entered in order to perform a nonlinear dynamic time-history analysis, and a complementary nonlinear static analysis was performed. With the information entered in the software, the results for the first structural model were obtained, among the main results obtained from the structural package are: the floor drifts, displacements, displacement diagrams, energy balance diagrams, results of lateral loads, among others. In the same way, those analyses were developed in the structural models with the base isolation and energy dissipation devices, which, once the required results were obtained, a comparative analysis of the structural behavior was carried out, taking as main parameters of consideration the floor drifts, displacements obtained and energy balances.Item Desarrollo de un software para el diseño de vigas y columnas metálicas de acero conforme a la normativa AISC 360-16(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica. Maestría en Ingeniería Civil con Mención en Estructuras Metálicas, 2022-03) Zambrano Salazar, Luis Leonardo; Peñafiel Valla, Lourdes GabrielaIn the present research project, the graphical interface and the coding of a calculation software for the pre-design and design of steel beams and columns were carried out in accordance with the AISC 360-16 standard, through the use of a programming software and its tool guide. The software allows us to obtain pre-design sections for both beams and columns, which were verified in the design process, proven that they resist the requests to which they are exposed to the structure under analysis, all this is done by entering data such as: geometric configuration of the structure, load states and properties of the steel to be used. For the development of the software, it has been necessary to carry out a bibliographical investigation where the LRFD (Load and Resistance Factor Design) method is extended, for the design of steel beams and columns, which is approved by the American Institute of Steel Construction. (AISC 360-16) and the Ecuadorian Construction Standard (NEC 2015). Once the calculation method was determined, the algorithms necessary for the software coding were developed, once defined, the graphical interface of the same was elaborated. Once the development of the software was completed, a debugging of the programming code was carried out where the calculation algorithms were optimized to achieve a better and faster operation of the software. The validity of the developed program will be verified through a comparison of the results obtained through the software, manual calculations and a commercial program, obtaining an error rate of less than 0.8 percent, with which it was possible to verify that the calculation values obtained through the software developed in this research they are valid and reliable, thus achieving an optimization in the calculation time and precision in them, since being an automated software the human factor capable of committing involuntary errors during the manual process is eliminated. of calculation.Item Desarrollo de un software específico para el diseño de conexiones de arriostre o viga-columna para pórticos especiales arriostrados concéntricamente, conforme a la normativa ANSI/AISC 341 -16(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica. Maestría en Ingeniería Civil con Mención en Estructuras Metálicas, 2022-03) López López, Liliana Lizbeth; Pico Núñez, María Fernanda; Medina Robalino, Wilson SantiagoThe present research project has as purpose the codification of a specific software for bracing connections or beam-column connections design for steel special concentrically braced frames (SSCBF). It allows us to design in a quick and safe way the simple beamcolumns (bolted) connection, welded beam-column connection, double braced beam column (welded) connection, X brace-beam (welded) connection, simple beam-column (bolted) corner connection, and simple beam-column (welded) corner connection. For the design of the different connections, they were analyzed by ANSI/AISC 341-16 Standards criteria. From it the calculation equations for a design by capacity were taken. For the development of the software, we started with the manual calculation of the different connections, with this the software programming code was developed and at the same time the graphic interface for the visualization of the results was created. For the veracity of the SCBF DESIGN CONNECTION software, the results obtained by the developed software were compared with the manual method; resulting in a margin of error of less than 1.50 percent, thus verifying that the results obtained by the software are reliable.Item Reducción de la vulnerabilidad sísmica de estructuras ocupacionales de acero en el cantón Ambato(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica. Maestría en Ingeniería Civil con Mención en Estructuras Metálicas, 2022-03) Jiménez López, Geovanny Gabriel; López Villacis, Gonzalo EduardoIn this degree work, a seismic vulnerability study is carried out for two representative structures that constitute the typical occupation given to steel buildings constructed within the urban area of Ambato Canton. These buildings, according to the NEC-2015, are categorized as essential and special type structures respectively. As an initial part, a preliminary design check was performed using the design spectrum prepared according to the standard for this sector, where compliance was reviewed in terms of floor drifts, soft floor and torsion in plan. Subsequently, by means of a nonlinear pushover static analysis, the capacity of the structure and its performance level in the presence of moderate and extreme earthquakes were determined. Likewise, certain influences of the infill masonry used in this type of structures were determined, and finally, according to the performance obtained, a reinforcement was proposed through the use of concentric diagonals and energy dissipaters in order to improve their performance level and avoid their collapse.Item Estudio de pórticos arriostrados concéntricamente en V, V invertida y arriostramiento en K y su incidencia en el diseño de un edificio en acero de 7 pisos(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica. Maestría en Ingeniería Civil con Mención en Estructuras Metálicas, 2022-03) Salinas Villegas, Edisson Xavier; Espín Lagos, Segundo ManuelIn this research paper, a comparison was made between three types of bracing: in V, in Inverted V and in K of a 7-story building with the possibility of applying it in our environment as it is in the city of Ambato and also so that can be used at the national level since both national and American regulations were used. The pre-designs of the structural elements were made, both for the columns, main and secondary beams, collaborating plate, and the bracing elements to then carry out their respective design, first checking their compactness and slenderness in each of their elements. Through the use of finite element software, each of the structural elements was modeled, entering properties and specifications to its elements, a static and dynamic analysis was carried out, for which the load combinations were defined, and also the load spectrum. design, as well as the configurations of the structure in plan and elevation, in addition to the seismic zone according to the project that is being investigated, all this so that the 7-story structure is earthquake resistant and each of the checks stipulated by the Ecuadorian Construction Standard (NEC 2015). Comparisons were also made with the three different types of bracing and the price of the structure was analyzed. Finally, it was concluded that the best type of structure was the inverted V bracing, because it has a lower drift than the previous two with values less than two percent and has a good structural behavior compared to the other checks carried out as in the dynamic analysis that complies with a percentage greater than 80 percent, the rotational analysis less than 30 percent in both X and Y; and the participation of the mass greater than 90 percent.Item Estudio de conexiones precalificadas y su incidencia en el diseño sismo resistente de edificaciones irregulares(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica. Maestría en Ingeniería Civil con Mención en Estructuras Metálicas, 2022-03) Sánchez Guevara, Nelson Hernan; Guerra Avendaño, Oswaldo MarceloEcuador es un país de alta actividad sísmica. En el año 2016 se vio afectado por un evento sísmico el cual fue generado a raíz de un fenómeno producido entre la subducción de la placa de Nazca y la placa Sudamericana, lo cual dejó cuantiosas pérdidas económicas, humanas y de edificaciones, siendo esto un factor principal de suma importancia para la investigación en el campo de la ingeniería estructural. En el presente trabajo de investigación se realizó un análisis sismorresistente de tres edificaciones irregulares de baja, mediana y gran altura, conformadas por un sistema resistente a carga lateral de pórticos especiales resistentes a momento SMF de acero estructural, compuestos por columnas de tipo HEB y vigas IPE. Para empezar el proyecto se realizó un análisis de la configuración estructural de las edificaciones planteadas para luego aplicar las consideraciones que establece la norma ecuatoriana de la construcción para tomar en cuenta los casos correspondientes de irregularidad en las edificaciones tanto en elevación como en planta. Luego se procedió a resolver las estructuras mediante un análisis estático y dinámico lineal, logrando obtener resultados que muestran un adecuado comportamiento estructural y cumplan con los chequeos obligatorios normativos, como son el chequeo de las derivas de piso, la verificación del criterio columna fuerte – viga débil y el diseño de sus elementos estructurales. Las conexiones de acero son de gran importancia para garantizar el comportamiento sismorresistente de las edificaciones. En zonas de alta sismicidad es necesario utilizar sistemas de pórticos especiales resistentes a momento y que sus conexiones sean precalificadas, lo que garantizará la formación adecuada de las rotulas plásticas contribuyendo a obtener como resultado un apropiado comportamiento en el rango no lineal. Una vez finalizado los diseños estructurales de las edificaciones planteadas, se procedió a diseñar dos conexiones precalificadas como son la Conexión de Placa de Ala Empernada (Bolted Flange Plate BFP) y la Conexión de sección de viga reducida (Reduced Beam Section RBS) descritas en la norma AISC 358-16. Las conexiones se diseñaron de forma manual cumpliendo todos los parámetros establecidos en la normativa AISC 358-16 para finalmente realizar su respectiva validación y comparación de resultados obtenidos mediante el uso de un software especializado en el diseño de conexiones de acero obteniendo resultados similares.