Maestría en Física Aplicada

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    Análisis del ruido natural y antropogénico del Parque Nacional Yasuní usando técnicas avanzadas de machine learning
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería en Sistemas, Electrónica e Industrial. Maestría en Física Aplicada, 2022) Velasco Castelo, Geoconda Marisela; Vásconez Vega, Christian Leonardo
    This paper addresses aspects of industrial noise produced by oil extraction facilities in the Yasun´ı National Park, located in the Ecuadorian Amazon. The acoustic sources within this type of installation influence the behaviour of wildlife, which has a negative impact on the species. The radial propagation model of acoustic wave propagation in an open field is posed through atenuation by geometric divergence, atmospheric absorption effect and scattering effects due to and ground scattering effects. The initial model without obstacles performs predictions based on an algorithm by taking an input data set and obtaining output data by developing a Machine Learning technique such as linear interpolation. And by means of an expansion of the model allows the influence of obstacles to be appreciated. The field measurements made by the research team give us information on atmospheric pressure provide us with information on atmospheric pressure, temperature, relative humidity and average sound frequency, at different distances from the sources. These data have allowed us to use the ISO 9613-1 Standard for the calculation of the absorption coefficient due to the effect of atmospheric absorption, as well as, the Nord2000 model to take into account the local flora that introduces reflection and scattering phenomena. In addition, the ground effect will include the presence of low vegetation. The results obtained will have a scientific, environmental and scientific, environmental and social impact, due to the effects of noise caused by the oil industry. Then, the results could serve as a basis for decision making in the field of environmental regulation, as well as social, with reference to indigenous communities living near oil installations.
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    Análisis estadístico de propiedades pseudo-locales en plasmas espaciales turbulentos mediante simulaciones numéricas
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería en Sistemas, Electrónica e Industrial. Maestría en Física Aplicada, 2022) Manobanda Guamán, Rocío Elizabeth; Vásconez Vega, Christian Leonardo
    In the space plasma environment, the turbulent cascade allows most of the energy that is dissipated on small scales, by various kinetic processes, to be transferred to these scales in a nearly collisionless environment. Understanding the characteristics of such dissipative mechanisms requires precise knowledge of the fluctuations that make energy available for small-scale conversion, since the different dissipation processes are triggered by fluctuations of a different physical nature. The pseudo-local properties of turbulent plasmas are estimated in this research work, by means of a heuristic proxy of the amount of local energy, which is based on the third-order momentum scaling law for Magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) turbulence, the well-known Yaglom-PolitanoPouquette law (YPP). In particular, the analysis of the local and global properties of turbulent plasmas in the two-dimensional domain was obtained as background to explore them in simulations of quasi-turbulent non-collision plasmas. The results show that the three-dimensional simulation does not comply with the YPP law, due to the early formation of a turbulent state. However, it will be verified that the threedimensional numerical code works correctly and is ready to be used in other three-dimensional or lower-dimensional simulations. The results also show the reliability of the algorithms developed in this research work, as well as the corresponding codes.
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    Invariantes geométricos de los tensores de gradiente de campo magnético y gradiente de velocidad en simulaciones de plasmas espaciales turbulentos
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería en Sistemas, Electrónica e Industrial. Maestría en Física Aplicada, 2022) Borja Saavedra, Myrian Cecilia; Vásconez Vega, Christian Leonardo
    Within the framework of perceptions from extensive in situ observations of the solar wind, where an extensive amount of fluctuations in magnetic fields and velocity are observed in the transverse plane of the magnetic field, guides a better understanding of the appearance of such intermittent fluctuations which requires systematic analysis of the velocity gradient tensor and magnetic field. This tensor provides detailed information on the spatial geometric characteristics of the observed fluctuations and their evolution with the scale, through its three invariants P, Q and R; invariants describing the local excess of turbulence over strain rate and self-amplification over energy production in incompressible flow. The joint probability density function between Q and R has self-similar “teardrop” shapes in fully developed turbulent flows. The implementation of the numerical codes was tested in two-dimensional and three-dimensional simulations of space plasmas, and they were carried out with different numerical schemes. The results obtained are of great importance for the study of these highly complex systems.