Ciencias de la Salud
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Item "Facomatosis tipo neurofibromatosis 1 o enfermedad de von recklinghausen en paciente pediátrico asintomático(Universidad Técnica de Ambato - Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud - Carrera de Medicina, 2019-10-01) Valle Ocando, Ana Karina; Paredes Lascano, Patricia Dra. Esp.Introducción: el término Neurofibromatosis (NF) abarca a un conjunto de enfermedades hereditarias incluidas en el grupo de facomatosis o patologías neurocutáneas, consideradas raras o huérfanas en nuestro país, que se identifican por la tendencia al desarrollo de neoplasias benignas a partir de estructuras derivadas del ectodermo. Tiene tres variantes, siendo la NF1, caracterizada principalmente por lesiones cutáneas y neurofibromas (tumores de origen nervioso), la más frecuente; la NF2, rara, con predominio de manifestaciones tumorales del sistema nervioso central y periférico sin lesiones cutáneas, y la NF3, la forma menos frecuente, que se distingue de los otros tipos por la presencia de tumores provenientes de las vainas nerviosas que se denominan schwannomas. Objetivo: Analizar el caso clínico de un paciente pediátrico asintomático con Facomatosis tipo Neurofibromatosis 1 o Enfermedad de Von Recklinghausen, en lo que concierne a su presentación clínica, diagnóstico, tratamiento y seguimiento, reportando las oportunidades de mejora para la identificación de Enfermedades raras o huérfanas en la Atención Primaria de Salud. Materiales y métodos: Caso clínico, análisis descriptivo y retrospectivo. Resultados: Paciente masculino de 9 años de edad, quien consultó para evaluación rutinaria como control de niño sano en el Hospital General Ambato–IESS. Durante su valoración se identificaron numerosas lesiones cutáneas generalizadas tipo máculas “café con leche”, así como efélides en región axilar, estableciéndose el diagnóstico de NF1 por presentar criterios clínicos de esta patología. Se le realizó estudios complementarios sin alteraciones hematológicas, mientras que en la resonancia magnética computarizada se evidenció lesión tipo neurofibroma localizado en bulbo raquídeo, confirmándose el diagnóstico. En la actualidad el paciente mantiene seguimiento por el servicio de pediatría y neurología. Conclusiones: La NF1 es una patología de presentación rara con una evolución benigna que por lo general no amerita tratamiento. No obstante, debido a las posibles implicaciones en la estética y funcionalidad del paciente se debe realizar diagnóstico precoz para hacer seguimiento adecuado tanto en Atención Primaria y hospitalaria como en especialidades. En consecuencia, posterior a establecer los puntos críticos en relación con el acceso a la atención médica, se caracterizaron las oportunidades de mejora en beneficio de futuros pacientes con sospecha o diagnóstico confirmado de NF1.Item “Estudio de la expresión de genes inductores de apoptosis en línea celular mcf-7 en respuesta al tratamiento de los extractos de las plantas ilex guayusa, uncaria tomentosa y croton lechleri”.(Universidad Técnica de Ambato - Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud - Carrera de Laboratorio Clínico, 2019-10-01) Canseco Arrunategui, Maritza Angelica; Bustillos Ortiz PhD., Alcides AlbertoBreast cancer is the second leading cause of death in women around the world, despite advances in medicines and therapies, it remains a public health problem, for this reason it is still necessary to investigate new active compounds that could become candidates for the development of new drugs. In this context, Ecuador is a highly diversified country with a significant number of ancestral plants to which indigenous communities attribute anti-proliferative and anti-carcinogenic properties. The objective of the research was to evaluate the effect on the expression of the Bax and bcl-2 genes by polymerase chain reaction in real time (qrt-PCR) extracts of Ilex guayusa, Uncaria tomentosa and Croton lechleri in the MCF7 breast cancer cell line. The extracts were obtained by maceration in ethanol at 96%, lyophilization and were resuspended in PBS 1X. The MFC-7 cell line was treated with the various extracts at a concentration of 3ug/ul for 24 hours. The total RNA was then extracted from the treated cells and its concentration was determined. cDNA was then synthesized and the expression of the Bax and bcl-2 genes was evaluated using a real time PCR. The obtained results showed that the ethanolic extract of Croton lechleri increased the expression of the Bax gene (p<0.05) and decreased the expression of bcl-2 (p<0.001) in relation to MCF7 cells not treated with the extract. The other two excerpts were inconclusive. The results were analyzed using variance analysis (ANOVA) in addition to a post-hoc Tukey analysis. The significance for Bax was <0.0002 and <0.0001 for bcl-2 between treatments, which is why the alternate hypothesis was accepted.Item “Caracterización fisicoquímica y bacteriológica de las aguas de la laguna de limpiopungo de la zona central del Ecuador”(Universidad Técnica de Ambato - Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud - Carrera de Laboratorio Clínico, 2019-10-01) Brito Galarza, Gabriela Estefania; Galárraga Pérez, Edison Arturo Dr. Mg.The Limpiopungo Lagoon is a tourist attraction of the Cotopaxi National Park, in the place it is possible to make walks and enjoy the associated flora and fauna, the presence of two threatened species should be highlighted: the condor of the Andes, and the Andean bandurria, For the preservation of this lagoon, it is necessary to know what physical chemical and bacteriological characteristics its waters present, which is why this research raises the topic “Physicochemical and bacteriological characterization of the waters of the Limpiopungo Lagoon of the central zone of Ecuador”, with the purpose of physicochemical characterization of the waters of the Limpiopungo Lagoon. With a quantitative approach used to measure physical-chemical parameters obtaining concrete data, these figures allowed to know the water quality index, the quantification of the colonies of existing bacteria in 100 milliliters of water from the Limpiopungo Lagoon was found with the use of 3M Petrifilm, the samples were taken four times twice (morning and afternoon) in six different places. For the identification of bacteria of sanitary importance in the samples cultures were carried out using chromogen-enriched agar agents such as the EMB that allowed to show a variation of the coloration, which makes the research also qualitative. The procedures of sampling, handling and conservation of water are regulated according to Technical Standard: Nte INEN 2169: 2013, in the investigation each literal was applied rigorously. An identification process was carried out through the application of cultures and biochemical tests, contributing to the recognition of six strains, later inoculated, with the purpose of evaluating their behavior against 9 antibiotics (SAM, IMP, CTX, CN, AK, TE , OFX, F, SXT), determining 100% sensitive Klebsiella pneumoniae and Klebsiella Ozaenae strains; Klebsiella rhinoescleromatis and Enterobacter cloacae, had a 89% sensitivity; intermediate resistance of the Escherichia coli strain against Nitrofurantoin (F); Serratia marcescens a resistant bacterial response to Ampicillin + sulbactam (SAM) and Nitrofurantoin (F) was observed. Through the Water Quality Index, it is considered that the waters of the Limpiopungo Lagoon are acceptable to the population, placing it in a range of 95%.Item “Percepción del paciente acerca del sistema de triaje manchester aplicado por el personal de enfermería y su influencia con el requerimiento de una atención oportuna, en el servicio de emergencia del hospital general Ambato - IESS. mayo- julio 2019”.(2019-10-01) Reinoso Medina, Viviana Elizabeth; Lic. Mg. Peñafiel Paucar, Miriam del RocíoThe present research work with the theme “Patient perception about the Manchester triage system applied by Nursing staff and its influence with the requirement of timely care, in the emergency service of Ambato General Hospital - IESS. May- July 2019 ”, has as main objective to tell how patients perceive the attention in the emergency service after the assignment of a priority based on the Manchester triage scale. The type of research was qualitative, since it seeks to understand the perspective of the participants about the phenomena that surround them, deepen their experiences, perspectives, opinions and meanings, that is, the way in which participants subjectively perceive their reality. Similarly, it is descriptive because situations and events related to the perception of patients about Manchester triage applied for emergency service care will be described. The study population were patients in the waiting room of the emergency service of Ambato General Hospital The perception of patients about the application of the Manchester Triage System is favorable, although the majority of the study population manifests more information that must be obtained through the nursing professionals who perform the triage. The proposal that is generated from the results obtained in this research work, is the creation of an informative video aimed at users in which didactic information about the concept, classification and importance of Manchester triage is providedItem “Protocolo de enfermería en el ámbito perioperatorio en cirugías abdominales para pacientes del servicio de cirugía del hospital general docente Ambato”.(Universidad Técnica de Ambato - Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud - Carrera de Enfermería, 2019-10-01) Reinoso Medina, Rosario Estefanía; Herrera López, José Luis Lic. Mg.The present research work is about "Protocols of nursing in the perioperative field in abdominal surgeries for patients of the surgery service of the General Docent Ambato Hospital", whose general objective is to design protocols of Nursing in the perioperative field in abdominal surgeries for patients of the surgical service of the General Hospital Docente Ambato. The type of research was quantitative, because it used the collection and analysis of data to answer previously established research questions, no sampling is applied because it works with 100% of the population, thus participating all the Nursing staff of the Surgery and Surgical Center of Ambato General Teaching Hospital. The construction of the protocol was based on the need for services and the availability of resources, as well as compliance with guidelines established in manuals of the Ministry of Public Health and the World Health Organization. The validation instrument was applied to Nursing Graduates with experience in the management of patients undergoing abdominal surgery, with the necessary knowledge to evaluate the feasibility of the application of said protocol. The errors evidenced by the lack of standardization of Nursing care, make it necessary to have a Care protocol, since this facilitates the development of care, reducing the probability of possible complications and raising the level of patient-user satisfaction , which is the main purpose of health personnel.Item “Cumplimiento del componente lactancia materna de la normativa sanitaria establecimientos de salud como amigos de la madre y del niño-esamyn relacionado a una lactancia materna exitosa en el hospital general latacunga”(Universidad Técnica de Ambato - Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud - Carrera de Enfermería, 2019-10-01) Quizanga Maldonado, Carmen Janeth; Panchi Candonga, Hilda Susana Lic. Mg.Item “Programa educativo sobre toxoplasmosis en embarazadas que asisten al centro de salud de la parroquia rural once de noviembre, ciudad de Latacunga, provincia de Cotopaxi”.(Universidad Técnica de Ambato - Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud - Carrera de Enfermería, 2019-10-01) Pacheco Moreno, Jéssica Johana; Fernández Nieto, Miriam Ivonne Lic. Mg.This research work considers as a point of origin for the information taking the Eleven Of November Health Center in the city of Latacunga, where a series of analyses was developed in relation to the subject under study: "EDUCATIONAL PROGRAM ON TOXOPLASMOSIS IN EMBARAZADAS THAT ATTEND THE HEALTH CENTER OF THE ONCE RURAL PARROQUIA, LATACUNGA CITY, COTOPAXI PROVINCE". A quantitative, descriptive retrospective research study was conducted with the aim of determining Toxoplasmosis in pregnant women who attended care at the Once of November Cotopaxi- Latacunga Rural Health Center. We worked with a population made up of 25 pregnant women from the Rural Health Center type A, the information obtained through a survey, obtained in semi-perferated clinical histories of the health center, for statistical analysis the registry was used of the conditions of each woman who complied with prenatal control, and then implemented an educational program collecting the data during the period March - August 2019. It was concluded that the leading cause of neonatal death is toxoplasmosis in pregnancy when not treated in time. Thus it was also observed that the average age of gestational women is 21 to 30 years with 44%, followed 15 to 20 years with 20% where the study conducted by INEC indicates that more adolescents are 10 to 19 are the most frequently pregnant and as a result indicate that pregnant women had toxoplasmosis before becoming pregnant, this is demonstrated by the IGG analysis which is a serological test of negative count.Item “Modelo educativo para prevenir parasitosis intestinal en los adolescentes de octavo, noveno y décimo año de la escuela de educación básica manuela espejo de la ciudad de Ambato”(Universidad Técnica de Ambato - Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud - Carrera de Enfermeria, 2019-10-01) Pacha Orozco, Mayra Alexandra; López López, Paola Catalina Bqf. MgParasitic diseases take a high place in Third World countries. They are responsible for debilitating, serious, chronic and sometimes mortal diseases. They can predispose to other diseases and they contribute to the decrease of the physical and mental capacity of the individual, compromising their productivity. They are important not only from a medical perspective, but also from social and economic one; they also represent an important factor for underdevelopment.(1) For this reason, this study was carried out with the aim of “Designing an education model to prevent intestinal parasitism in teenager of the eighth, ninth and tenth year of Manuela Espejo Elementary School of the city of Ambato”. The applied methodology was quantitative, cross-sectional descriptive. A survey divided into two parts was used. In the first part, housing risk factors and health-hygienic aspect were proven. In the second part, the knowledge level on parasites was tested, as well as infection and prevention. The SPSS application was used to tabulate and analyze the date to reach to conclusions. The results obtained from coproparasitary examinations depict that 41% of students do not have parasites, white 24% of blastocystis in general, form other parasites.Item “Factores desencadenantes de estrés en adolescentes entre 13 a 19 años de la unidad educativa Luis A. Martínez”(Universidad Técnica de Ambato - Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud - Carrera de Enfermería, 2019-10-01) Moyolema Criollo, Paola Viviana; Arráiz, Fernández CarolinaMd. Esp.Stress is a physiological reaction of the organism, when we are subjected to a threat or a demand that we find difficult to assume, thus producing a reaction that helps us overcome it. Teenagers, like adults, can experience stress of any kind every day. Under this argument, the present investigation was carried out with the objective of identifying what were the factors that trigger stress in adolescents between 13 and 19 years of the Educational Unit “Luis A. Martínez.” It was necessary to conduct a literature review about the different stressors typical of the adolescent: development of new cognitive skills, changes in independence and dependence on the relationship with parents, cultural and social expectations, bullying between partners, poor marital harmony between parents, divorce and the economic situation, which are included in physical, psychological and social influences they exert on adolescents at this stage of development. After the investigation, the data were tabulated and analyzed, which allowed us to reach the respective conclusions. In addition, it is important to emphasize in this research that, in order to overcome stress, it is recommended to inform us of the consequences that the experience of this complicated situation may have, to know the symptoms that may appear and to develop emotions management skills to overcome them successfully, in order to maintain a good quality of life.Item “Prevalencia de parasitosis intestinal en niños de 2 a 9 años que asisten al centro de salud n° 2 Simón Bolívar de la ciudad de Ambato de la provincia de Tungurahua”(Universidad Técnica de Ambato - Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud - Carrera de Enfermería, 2019-10-01) Morales Llerena, Alexandra Maribel; Fernández Nieto, Miriam Ivonne Lic. Mg.This research is quantitative, descriptive, allows us to observe and detail the problem to be studied to determine the prevalence of intestinal parasitosis in children from 2 to 9 years old who attend the Simon Bolívar Health Center No. 2 of the City of Ambato, with the Aim to identify intestinal parasites in 120 children undergoing coproparasitic studies, a survey was applied to 80 mothers to evaluate knowledge about hygiene habits. Obtaining as results in the laboratory tests that 60% were positive while 40% was negative, the parasites found were 50% Áscaris Lumbricoides, 17% Trichuris Trichiura, 15% Enterobius Vermiculares (pinworms), 4 % Hymenolepis nana, 14% Giardia Lamblia. In the survey applied to mothers on hygienic aspects, 25% wash their hands before eating any food, 31% wash fruits or vegetables before eating them, 47% wash their hands after using the bathroom, 12% play on the ground or ground, 73% wear shoes or footwear, 47% suck their fingers or bite their nails. It is very important that parents go to the medical check-ups with their children to be treated, receive treatment and publicize prevention and care measures for both children and them. The correct way to show affection to children is to teach them how to take care of their health and one of them is to perform proper hygiene. It was concluded that the incidence of parasitosis in children from 2 to 9 years old who were treated is high since the associated factors were the lack of health education and hygiene measures.