Ciencias de la Salud
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Item CARACTERIZACIÓN DEL ÁNGULO DE FASE EN PACIENTES DIABÉTICOS(2025-06-18) Camacho Barragán Sebastian Alejandro; Arteaga Almeida Cristina Alexandra; Universidad Técnica de Ambato / Facultad de Ciencias de Salud / Carrera de Nutrición y DietéticaIntroduction: The characterization of phase angle (PA), measured through bioelectrical impedance, is a key clinical marker in patients with diabetes mellitus, associated with muscle mass, adipose tissue, and visceral fat. It allows for analysis as a direct relational factor concerning tissue and cellular response capacity to chronic pathological factors. Objective: This study aims to apply descriptive statistics segmented by sex and age to obtain intervaltype control points for phase angle in correlation with metabolic complications. Methodology: A cross-sectional study was conducted with Pearson correlation analysis and principal component analysis, evaluating phase angle in relation to body composition and metabolic complications arising from type 2 diabetes mellitus. Results: A total of 121 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus were evaluated through descriptive analysis and variance using the Kolmogorov- Smirnov test, considering the components of phase angle (PA) in arms, legs, and trunk, broken down by sex. The classification of subjects revealed the presence of a group with normal PA values and another with decreased values. The relationship between metabolic complications and PA values was graphically illustrated, showing that the general PA had the highest correlation with these complications, followed by the trunk PA and the left arm PA. Discussion: This study evaluated the relationship between phase angle (PA) and metabolic complications in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. The results indicated that there is no significant relationship between gender and PA values, suggesting that complications may develop independently of the patient's sex. A control interval for PA was established between 5 and 7 points; values below 5 were associated with inflammatory syndromes and metabolic complications. The general PA showed the highest correlation with complications such as retinopathy, nephropathy, and neuropathy, confirming its utility as a predictive marker, in line with previous research that suggests a low PA increases the risk of complications in this population. Conclusions: PA emerges as a key indicator for the identification and management of metabolic complications in type 2 diabetes mellitus, providing opportunities to enhance clinical care in this population.Item COMPONENTES TECNOLÓGICOS PARA EL CONTROL Y TRATAMIENTO DE DIABETES MELLITUS. IMPACTO ACTUAL(2025-06-16) Tipan Bunshi Pablo Alexander; Salinas Velastegui Verónica Gabriela; Universidad Técnica de Ambato / Facultad de Ciencias de Salud / Carrera de MedicinaIntroduction: the management of diabetes mellitus has undergone a significant transformation with the integration of advanced technologies such as continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) and mobile applications, which have improved glycemic control and patients' quality of life. Objective: this article aims to review the current technological components used for the control and treatment of diabetes mellitus and evaluate their impact on disease management. Methodology: a bibliographic review of articles published between 2015 and 2023 was conducted. Databases such as PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar were used. A literature review was conducted on articles published between 2019 and 2024. Databases such as PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar were utilized. Inclusion and exclusion criteria were applied to consolidate studies of higher scientific prominence. Results: the review results indicated that the use of CGM significantly improves glycemic control, with an average HbA1c reduction of 0.5%. Insulin pumps combined with CGM have shown improvement in time in range (TIR) and a decrease in hypoglycemic episodes. Mobile applications have been effective in lifestyle modification, especially in patients with type 2 diabetes, improving treatment adherence and reducing HbA1c levels. Conclusions: advanced technologies for the management of diabetes mellitus, such as CGM and mobile applications, have proven effective in improving clinical outcomes and patients' quality of life. However, challenges such as cost and accessibility limit their widespread useItem CONTROL GLUCÉMICO CON SISTEMAS DE MONITORIZACIÓN CONTINUA DE GLUCOSA EN PACIENTES CON DIABETES MELLITUS(2025-06-16) Santana Mejía, Johanna Alejandra; Romo López, Ángel Geovanny; Universidad Técnica de Ambato / Facultad de Ciencias de Salud / Carrera de MedicinaThe therapeutic objectives of managing type 1 and 2 diabetes include: eliminating symptoms associated with hyperglycemia, preventing long-term complications, and promoting a better lifestyle. To achieve these objectives, it is essential that the physician sets individualized targets for glycemic control, this being the regulation and management of blood glucose levels within the therapeutic goals considered for each individual. Advances in technology using Continuous Glucose Monitoring (CGM) devices have emerged as a promising tool, measuring glucose in the interstitial fluid every 1-5 minutes by sensors under the skin. The main objective of this article was to review the available literature on Continuous Glucose Monitoring Systems applied in the glycemic control of patients with Diabetes Mellitus to identify their practical utility. A review of the available literature was conducted with a descriptive approach, using databases such as PubMed, Springer, and Science Direct. The results obtained from the 22 articles that were included confirmed the increasing evidence about the benefits of using continuous glucose monitoring systems in glycemic control in patients with type 1 and 2 diabetes mellitus. The results support the Incorporation of CGM as part of the standard of care in diabetes management and control, especially in patients with insulin use or those with high glycemic variability.Item INSTRUMENTO PARA LA VALORACIÓN DE LA ACTUACIÓN DE LOS PROFESIONALES DE ENFERMERÍA EN LA ATENCIÓN PRIMARIA EN SALUD DE LA DIABETES MELLITUS(Universidad Técnica de Ambato/ Facultad de Ciencias de Salud /Carrera de Enfermería, 2024-10-04) Ruiz Jinez, Anderson Steeven; López Pérez, Grace PamelaIntroduction: According to the WHO, diabetes is a chronic disease that occurs when the pancreas does not produce enough insulin or the body does not effectively use the insulin it produces. Objective: Design an instrument that allows for the assessment of nursing performance in Diabetes Mellitus in primary care. Method: Research with a quantitative approach, experimental, descriptive and transversal design. Development of an instrument to determine its reliability and content validity. The sample used for the evaluation of internal reliability was made up of 10 patients diagnosed with diabetes mellitus who are treated in the health centers of zone 3 belonging to the Pelileo Canton, Province of Tungurahua, who agreed to collaborate with the research, to check the understanding of the questions and the operation of the instrument. Internal consistency was determined through the calculation of Cronbach's Alpha coefficient. Results: Expert professionals in the subject of diabetes mellitus assessed the pertinence, relevance and clarity of the 20 items divided into 4 dimensions, qualifying them as applicable. The internal consistency of Cronbach's Alpha was 0.97; which demonstrates that the formulation of the items is reasonable, satisfactorily defined and is suitable in the presence of the questionnaire. Conclusions. The results obtained to evaluate the instrument and the application of the pilot test were adequate. This instrument is valid and reliable, which justifies its use in the research field. The instrument is easy and quick to apply, allowing us to know the perception of patients with Diabetes Mellitus about the care received by the nursing staff in the PHC.Item CISTATINA C COMO MARCADOR DE DAÑO RENAL EN PACIENTES CON DIABETES MELLITUS TIPO II(Universidad Técnica de Ambato/ Facultad de Ciencias de Salud /Carrera de Laboratorio Clínico, 2024-08-13) Gutiérrez Lara, Angela Guadalupe; De la Torre Fiallos, Ana VerónicaIntroduction: Type II diabetes is a growing chronic disease, which is associated with the risk of kidney damage, a complication that can lead to kidney failure. Therefore, early detection and monitoring of kidney damage is essential in this type of patient. In this context, cystatin C is a reliable endogenous marker to evaluate kidney function, since its concentration is not influenced by external factors unlike other endogenous markers. Objective: To analyze cystatin C as a marker of kidney damage in patients with type II diabetes mellitus. Methods: An exhaustive investigation was carried out in different databases to identify studies related to the topic of interest. The PRISMA method was used. Results: The studies reviewed demonstrated an association between high cystatin C concentration and a risk of kidney damage in patients with diabetes. In addition , cystatin C suggests being a more sensitive marker than creatinine for detecting kidney problems in early stages. Conclusions: Cystatin C is a promising marker for the evaluation of kidney damage in patients with type II diabetes, due to its sensitivity to detect early changes and determine disease progression.Item ACTITUD PREVENTIVA SOBRE DIABETES MELLITUS Y ESTILO DE VIDA EN EL PERSONAL OBRERO Y ADMINISTRATIVO DE UNA UNIVERSIDAD ECUATORIANA(Universidad Técnica de Ambato/ Facultad de Ciencias de Salud /Carrera de Enfermería, 2024-05-28) Enríquez Sisalema, Daniela Alexandra; Arráiz de Fernández, CarolinaIntroduction: Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disease characterized by high blood glucose levels. Lifestyles encompass a set of behaviors and attitudes that impact the health of individuals. Objective: Determine the association between the attitudes of adults towards the prevention of diabetes mellitus and the lifestyle of the workers and administrative staff of an Ecuadorian University. Methodogy: Quantitative, non-experimental, cross-sectional and correlational study, with a sample of 36 individuals (workers and administrators) who work at the Faculty of Health Sciences. Two instruments were used: “Adult Attitudes towards the prevention of type II diabetes”, reliability 0.985 and “Lifestyle”, reliability 0.993. Results: There is a low assessment in all dimensions of Adult Attitudes towards the prevention of type II diabetes, with 66.7% in nutrition; 55.6% exercise; 50.0% fluid intake; 63.9% in medical control; 47.1% consumption of harmful substances; 61.1% in sleep and 55.6% in psychosocial. An average rating in Lifestyle with 36.1% food; 61.1% stress; 50.0% interpersonal development; 47.2% self-realization and 41.7% responsibility, with a low rating in relation to the exercise 44.4%. There is an extremely strong and highly significant correlation between the two variables. Conclusion: The attitude of adults towards the prevention of type II diabetes is low, which increases the risk, an adequate nursing intervention prevents type II DM and promotes health.Item Fisioterapia para mejorar las respuestas sensoriales y funcionales en tobillo y pie en pacientes con neuropatía periférica diabética(Universidad Técnica de Ambato/ Facultad de Ciencias de Salud /Carrera de Fisioterapia, 2023-03-01) García Camacho, Víctor Manuel; Espín Pastor, Victoria Estefanía Lic. Msc.Diabetic peripheral neuropathy is one of the most common pathologies in the world, for this reason the present study had the purpose of determining the effect of physiotherapeutic intervention strategies on sensory and functional responses in the ankle and foot in patients with DPN. The evaluations were carried out on two occasions, before and after the intervention, the evaluations of the Michigan Neuropathy Screening Instrument test, which contains two parts, the first has a form of 15 questions about the symptoms, while the second part, itself is the physical examination, the following tests were the 10g SemmesWeinstein monofilaments and the manual dynamometer test in the ankle and foot. The research project included 17 patients, the physiotherapy intervention consisted of strengthening exercises for platiflexion, dorsiflexion and intrinsic foot muscles, and balance, for a period of 8 weeks, for one day of supervision and the rest for patients independently. The results consisted of the Michigan test, the results did not show significant changes, while the Monofilament test and the manual dynamometry test, the changes were significantlywith a value of p= <0.00. Concluding that the application of the exercisesof ankle and foot showed positive changes for foot and ankle sensitivity and strength, xii while there were no significant changes to improve symptoms and signs according to the Michigan test.Item Determinación de valores de glicemia en 2 centros gerontológicos de la ciudad de Ambato(Universidad Técnica de Ambato/ Facultad de Ciencias de Salud /Carrera de Laboratorio Clínico, 2023-03-01) Guanopatin Castro, Cynthia Carolina; Guangasig Toapanta, Víctor Hernán Bq. F. Mg.Diabetes is a disease that occurs due to several physiological and genetic factors such as age, family history, poor lifestyle, or dietary habits such as excess carbohydrates and sugars in their daily diet, thus giving rise to a glycemic disorder in the patient, identified as a hormonal imbalance, given by an alteration in the production of insulin, one of the triggering factors being a bad lifestyle. As the years go by, the percentage of older adults suffering from this disorder is increasing, which is why this research is focused on determining the glycemia values that indicate, together with the results of the American Diabetes Association (ADA) survey, whether these patients belonging to the elderly in gerontological centers may suffer from diabetes. The population with which we worked in the investigation were 100 elderly adults, institutionalized and non-institutionalized, to whom we applied a survey to identify factors associated with diabetes along with the analysis of glucose, having as a result that of the total group of non-institutionalized 35% presented elevated blood glucose levels, while in the institutionalized the alteration observed was 2%, where the population has an average age of 65 years and olderItem Estrategias de intervención fisioterapéutica en muñeca y mano para mejorar las respuestas sensoriales y funcionales en pacientes con neuropatía periférica diabética(Universidad Técnica de Ambato/ Facultad de Ciencias de Salud /Carrera de Fisioterapia, 2023-03-01) Naranjo Quinteros, Juan Gabriel; Reales Chacón, Lisbeth Josefina Dra.Diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) is a pathology that affects both sensory and motor neurons, causing a decrease in sensitivity, nerve conduction velocity, as well as affecting hand dexterity and maximum grip strength. The aim of this study was to perform a physiotherapeutic intervention on the hand and wrist for 8 weeks to improve their sensory and functional responses. It was performed under a quantitative - analytical, prospective longitudinal approach, applying the evaluation instruments whose results were statistically analyzed by means of the SPSS program. For this purpose, 34 patients with NPD were required at the beginning, but only 17 were able to complete the 8 weeks of intervention. They were subjected to evaluations which consisted of assessing their sensory responses (tactile, thermal, vibratory, pressure and reflex sensitivity) and functional responses (maximum grip strength by dynamometry) before and after the intervention. The intervention consisted of resistance exercises to strengthen wrist and hand flexor and extensor muscles. The results showed that the individuals significantly im proved their grip strength compared to their initial state (p=0.000) there was also a significant improvement in the percentage of reflex evaluation (17.6% normal at the beginning - 76.5% at the end). The data obtained from the evaluation of sensitivity had positive results; however, the initial and final relationship was not significant (p=0.323). The findings showed that it wasxii demonstrated that. The intervention with physiotherapeutic exercise in wrist and hand served to improve sensory and functional responses in the population with NPD.Item Mecanismos protectores de la insensibilidad a hormona de crecimiento (síndrome de Laron) contra cáncer y diabetes mellitus(Universidad Técnica de Ambato/ Facultad de Ciencias de Salud /Carrera de Medicina, 2022-10) Moya Pérez, Sidney Selena; Medina Medina, Doris Raquel Dra. Esp.Introduction: The axis Growth hormone-growth hormone-growth hormone-insulin growth factor type 1 (GHRH-GH-IGF1) demonstrates an extraordinary level of biological complexity. When there is a molecular defect in the growth hormone receptor, it triggers an inability to synthesize the growth factor IGF-1 in the liver, which is what we know as growth hormone insensitivity syndrome (GHID). Within this picture is the well-known Laron syndrome, a disease of autosomal recessive inheritance characterized by a primary resistance to GH, in Ecuador there is a large population with this syndrome and in it several mechanisms of insensitivity to GH have been studied as well as the metabolic and cellular effects of IGF-1 deficiency. We present a systematic review of the existing literature, collecting information from the databases of Medline, Intra Med, PubMed, The Cochrane, SciELO and other journals with quality scientific evidence, which analyzes the evidence found in recent years that suggests the existence of a correlation between GHID and the minimal risk of diabetes mellitus and all types of cancer. The primary insensitivity to GH possessed by patients with SL would thus represent a favorable condition in relation to the risk of diabetes mellitus and cancer. Among the suggested protective mechanisms of GHID are an increase in insulin sensitivity and decreased IGF-1 leading to less cell progression to cancer