Ciencias de la Salud
Permanent URI for this communityhttp://repositorio.uta.edu.ec/handle/123456789/813
Browse
7 results
Search Results
Item NEUROPLASTICIDAD CEREBRAL: EN LA REHABILITACIÓN NEUROLÓGICA DE PACIENTES DESPUÉS DE ACCIDENTES CEREBRO VASCULARES (ACV): UNA REVISIÓN BIBLIOGRÁFICA(2025-06-19) Guangasig Escobar, José Javier; Estrada Zamora, Esmeralda Maricela; Universidad Técnica de Ambato / Facultad de Ciencias de Salud / Carrera de MedicinaBrain neuroplasticity is a fundamental characteristic of the brain to adapt to challenging situations such as going through a stroke (ACV). Short and long-term stroke causes a wide variety of sequelae ranging from cognitive to motor skills. Under this scenario, the present research proposes as a general objective to perform an analysis of the current scientific evidence on the role of brain neuroplasticity in the rehabilitation of patients who have suffered a stroke. The method used was a bibliographic review of 30 articles published in different web databases, finding results only in (Google scholar, Science Direct, MedlinePlus, Dialnet, Institutional Repositories). The use of the Boolean operators “AND”, “OR” was used, using combinations such as: “Neuropaslticity AND stroke rehabilitation”, “Neuroplasticidad cerebral AND ACV”, “Stroke AND brain plasticity AND rehabilitation”; “Rehabilitación neurológica AND ataque cerebrovascular”, “Functional recovery AND neurplasticity AND stroke”, the same group of combinations was used for the OR operator. Proceeding to read the summary of those that were previously selected, inclusion/exclusion factors, quality/validity, and relevance of the different studies found were used. Among the main findings found, it is reflected that the use of various techniques is necessary for adequate functional recovery. Cognitive stimulation, virtual advance technologies, brain-computer interfaces, exercises and, above all, timely and early diagnoses. In addition, pharmacotherapy also stands out within these tools, even reflecting that the combination of them is viable.Item INTERVENCIONES DE REHABILITACIÓN COGNITIVA PARA PACIENTES CON LESIONES CEREBRALES TRAUMÁTICAS: UN ANÁLISIS DE ENFOQUES TERAPÉUTICOS(2025-06-16) Harnisth Buenaño Alan Marcelo; Sandoval Espinoza Gabriela Fernanda; Universidad Técnica de Ambato / Facultad de Ciencias de Salud / Carrera de MedicinaTraumatic brain injury (TBI) is a serious condition resulting from brain trauma, which causes alterations of the blood-brain barrier, resulting in edema, increased intracranial pressure and neuronal damage. As a result, physical, cognitive, emotional and social disabilities occur to varying degrees depending on the severity of the TBI. One of the most significant complications in patients is cognitive impairment, affecting their quality of life and that of their caregivers. Cognitive rehabilitation is of utmost importance, ranging from early intervention to reintegration of the patient to daily activities. Traditionally, physical rehabilitation was the central focus in such patients; however, novel technologies such as transcranial stimulation, the use of video games and virtual reality, which are mainly focused on improving cognitive function, are now being incorporated. This review analyzes the different noninvasive rehabilitation approaches and their effectiveness in TBI patients. It was found that these techniques show promising potential in the improvement of cognitive function, there is heterogeneity in the results due to the differences in methodology, protocols and population that existed among the studies, in addition to the lack of long-term follow-up of patients to assess the duration of these cognitive improvements. More rigorous and standardized studies are needed to establish solid evidence-based rehabilitation protocols.Item Plan terapéutico de fuerza muscular en miembro superior con musicoterapia en pacientes con diabetes mellitus tipo 2(2025-03-11) Cajas Vargas, Diego Andrés; Reales Chacón, Lisbeth Josefina; Universidad Técnica de Ambato / Facultad de Ciencias de Salud / Centro de PosgradosThis study, conducted at Universidad Técnica de Ambato, examines the impact of an innovative therapeutic plan combining upper limb strength exercises with music therapy in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). This multidimensional approach aims to enhance patients' quality of life and functionality through an accessible and tailored treatment. T2DM affects 10.5% of the global population and 1.7% in Ecuador, with a significant prevalence among older adults. Characterized by chronic hyperglycemia, this condition impacts not only metabolic health but also the musculoskeletal system, leading to muscle mass loss, insulin resistance, and functional limitations. The primary goal of this research was to implement and evaluate a therapeutic plan designed to improve upper limb strength in 28 older adults diagnosed with T2DM. The program consisted of specific exercises and music therapy sessions, totaling 48 sessions over 24 weeks. Music was selected based on participants' preferences to maximize physical and emotional benefits. The methodology included pre- and post-intervention assessments using manual dynamometry to measure muscle strength, and the results were analyzed statistically. Findings showed significant improvements in participants' muscle strength, with an average increase of 3–4 kg in key movements such as shoulder flexion, extension, abduction, and adduction, as well as elbow flexion and extension. This study validates the use of music therapy as a complementary element in physiotherapeutic programs. It also provides a replicable model for future interventions addressing chronic conditions like T2DM, emphasizing the importance of integrated approaches in managing chronic diseases.Item PLAN DE EJERCICIOS DE MOVILIDAD ARTICULAR EN TREN SUPERIOR PARA LA LIMITACIÓN FUNCIONAL EN PACIENTES POST MASTECTOMIA(2025-02-27) Lagua Saant, Evelyn Dayana; Caiza Lema, Stalin Javier; Universidad Técnica de Ambato/ Facultad de Ciencias de Salud /Carrera de FisioterapiaBreast cancer (BC) is a malignant neoplasm, that is, the abnormal growth of cells causing a tumor, which appears as a lump in the armpit or breast and in most cases is usually painless. Globally, BC has more than 2.26 million registered cases, becoming the main cancer mortality rate among women. For this reason, the present project aimed to develop a plan of joint mobility exercises in the upper body for functional limitation in post-mastectomy patients. The research was framed in a nonexperimental, prospective and longitudinal analytical design because a pre-and-post physiotherapy intervention evaluation was carried out on the participants. The population was selected by a convenience sample, being a total of 25 participants with unilateral mastectomy from the Solca Núcleo Tungurahua Hospital. The ranges of mobility (ROM) such as flexion, extension and abduction were evaluated with the goniometer and strength with a digital dynamometer. For functional disability, the DASH Scale questionnaire was used. The results showed a difference in the ranges of mobility and manual strength with a positive statistical significance after the intervention. Regarding the values obtained in DASH, a positive significance level of (p <0.000) was obtained post-intervention. This demonstrated that early comprehensive therapy in post-mastectomy women improves joint mobility, strength and decreases the level of disability of the affected limb.Item Protocolo de intervención en lesiones de hombro aplicados por fisioterapeutas de la ciudad de Ambato(Universidad Técnica de Ambato/Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud/Carrera de Fisioterapia, 2022-09-01) Morejón Freire, Maritza Liliana; Espín Pastor, Victoria Estefanía, Lcda. Msc.Shoulder injuries are the type of injury most frequently seen in the emergency department, suffered by the working population as well as athletes. From the medical area, patients are referred to the physiotherapy department for proper evaluation and intervention, in order to improve their quality of life. The purpose of this research project was to analyze the intervention protocol applied in shoulder injuries by physical therapists in the city of Ambato. 50 active professionals from public and private centers participated in this study. This was a quantitative-qualitative field study with a descriptive research design. Data collection was carried out by applying a cross-sectional survey composed of three questionnaires previously validated by experts in the field, that identified evaluation elements, methods and rehabilitation techniques, as well as physical therapists’ basic knowledge on this topic. Statistical processes were carried out in programs such as IBM SPSS and Microsoft Excel. The results showed that, in terms of shoulder assessment, physical therapists mostly use the correct elements for evaluation, despite this there were inconsistencies, since a high percentage responded to the distractor. However, the professionals did not use scientific evidence, clinical practice guidelines and did not apply evidence-based practice. Though they use methods and techniques backed by high quality scientific evidence for adhesive capsulitis, they did not apply them in the correct xvi rehabilitation phases, whereas for shoulder tendinopathies they used low scientific quality protocols. In relation to basic knowledge of anatomy, physiology and biomechanics, they obtained an average of 5.6/10 points, which shows a deficit in knowledge.Item Ejercicios aeróbicos interválicos en el estado de salud de pacientes con EPOC(Universdidad Técnica de Ambato/Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud/Centro de posgrados, 2022-02-01) Benavides Mayo Lic., Yajaira Nataly; Espin Pastor , Victoria Estefanía Lic. Mg.The present investigation was carried out on patients from the General Hospital of Latacunga (HPGL), whose main objective is to determine the immediate effects of interval aerobic exercises on the health status of patients with COPD. The COPD is a disorder characterized by having a chronic limitation in airflow with persistent symptoms such as dyspnea, cough ad spectoration. The study corresponds to a quali- quantitative approach because the data and measurements that were obtained were through numerical values and words, of a cross-sectional type, because the data are collected once and of a quasi-experimental level since it was carried out a single group. The population consisted of 30 people, who, through the inclusion and exclusion criteria, remained 8 participants who were applied the IAS (interval aerobic exercise) and the acute cardiovascular effects were analyzed by spirometry and telemetry. The investigation was completed by demonstrating that with IAS there is less flow limitation, an increase in lung capacity and an increase in the caliber of the airways that translates into less obstruction without the presence of bronchospasm during the intervention.Item Establecer la Efectividad de la Ritmoterapia en el Envejecimiento Activo en la Población Adulta Mayor(Universdidad Técnica de Ambato/Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud/Centro de posgrados, 2021-07-01) Bonilla Ayala, Josselyn Gabriela Lcda. Ft.; Zavala Calahorrano, Alicia MarifernandaDra. Ph.DAging is a natural process that undergoes changes as age advances, in order to adapt to different life situations, where aspects such as physical and psychological functions, independence and quality of life of the elderly are affected. This progressive deterioration may depend on lifestyle, environmental and social factors; for this reason they are considered as the most vulnerable population, since deterioration not only has health implications but also social and economic ones; causing a higher risk of degenerative, chronic and even incapacitating diseases in the elderly. Active aging should be promote by implementing interesting and fun activities such as physical activities that could be combined with music considered as an integral competence, which has several elements, to achieve a successful aging as well as to improve or avoid functional deterioration. Therefore, the research aims to establish the effectiveness of rhythm therapy in active aging in the older adult population. The research has a quantitative approach and is of a quasi-experimental type, since it will be evaluate at the beginning and end of the intervention by means of scales. In addition, it was apply to the older adult population; 20 people aged 65 years and older who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria participated. The participants underwent 12 sessions of 45 minutes once a week of exercise combined with music. The post-intervention results indicate that 85% have normal cognitive functions, 35% being women and 50% men, as well as in balance and movement, 85% of the population decreased the risk of falling, where 50% are between 65-75 years of age, concluding that rhythm therapy has a positive effect on active aging.