Ciencias de la Salud
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Item FIBRILACIÓN AURICULAR Y ENFERMEDAD RENAL CRÓNICA: INTERACCIÓN Y RELEVANCIA CLÍNICA(2025-06-13) Gavilanes Lisintuña, Madison Nohe; Laguapillo Vergara, Alexandra del Rocio; Universidad Técnica de Ambato / Facultad de Ciencias de Salud / Carrera de MedicinaChronic kidney disease (CKD) is characterized by prolonged alterations in renal structure or function, with severe implications such as hypertension, cardiac and neurological diseases. Atrial fibrillation (AF), a cardiac arrhythmia, shows a complex relationship with CKD: the presence of CKD increases the risk of developing AF, and vice versa. Several factors, such as inflammation, the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, anemia, and electrolyte disturbances contribute to this relationship. Both conditions also increase the risk of stroke and mortality. Proper management involves considering the complexity of these connections to reduce the associated risks and improve patient prognosis.Item Programa de Rehabilitación Cardiaca Domiciliaria para mejorar la funcionalidad en adultos mayores con hipertensión(2025-03-17) Guanoluisa Chávez, Cynthia Patricia; Campos Moposita, Angela Priscila; Universidad Técnica de Ambato / Facultad de Ciencias de Salud / Centro de PosgradosHome-based cardiac rehabilitation has become a fundamental strategy to improve the health and functionality of older adults, especially those with high blood pressure. The main objective of the research was to determine the effects of a homebased cardiac rehabilitation program on the functionality of hypertensive older adults. To do so, a quasi-experimental study was carried out in which the Senior Fitness Test was applied to evaluate the functional physical condition of the participants before and after the intervention. The program consisted of an aerobic exercise regimen (continuous and interval sprint) that consisted of stretching, joint mobility and breathing exercises, carried out for 14 weeks, with supervised sessions three times a week. The most significant results showed a notable improvement in the functional capacity of older adults, evidenced by the increase in the Senior Fitness Test scores. In addition, a decrease in blood pressure levels was observed, indicating that the program not only improved physical functionality but also contributed to the control of hypertension. These findings highlight the importance of regular physical activity in the cardiovascular health of older adults. In conclusion, the home-based cardiac rehabilitation program proved to be effective in improving functionality and reducing hypertension in older adults. The continuation of this type of program and the training of health professionals for its implementation in other communities is recommended. The proposal includes the development of similar initiatives that promote physical activity and healthy habits in the older adult population.Item DISLIPIDEMIAS E HIPERTENSIÓN EN PACIENTES CON DIABETES MELLITUS II(Universidad Técnica de Ambato/ Facultad de Ciencias de Salud /Carrera de Medicina, 2024-10-25) Quilligana Caisaguano, Stalin Alexander; Cevallos Teneda, Andrea CarolinaIntroduction: The coexistence of dyslipidemia and hypertension in individuals with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (DM2) presents a significant challenge in modern medicine. These concurrent conditions considerably increase the risk of cardiovascular diseases, underscoring the need for an integrated approach in their management. Materials and Methods: A literature review article was conducted, examining recent studies and relevant literature in repositories such as PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar. The focus was on studies published between 2010 and 2023, prioritizing those addressing the clinical management and therapeutic implications of dyslipidemia and hypertension in patients with Type 2 DM. Results: Dyslipidemia and hypertension are common risk factors in individuals with Type 2 DM, exacerbating the risk of cardiovascular pathologies. Insulin resistance and chronic inflammation were identified as key factors contributing to these complications. The importance of an integrated treatment approach that includes lifestyle modifications, glycemic control, and specific pharmacological therapies for each condition was emphasized. Conclusions: Effective management of dyslipidemias and hypertension in patients with Type 2 DM requires a holistic approach. Lifestyle modifications, along with pharmacological therapy, are fundamental in controlling these risk factors. It is essential to personalize the treatment for each patient, considering their clinical profile and cardiovascular risk.Item ESTRATEGIA DE PREVENCIÓN COMUNITARIA ENFOCADA EN LA DETECCIÓN DE PACIENTES CON HIPERTENSIÓN ARTERIAL(Universidad Técnica de Ambato/ Facultad de Ciencias de Salud /Carrera de Medicina, 2024-06-10) Velasco Aroca, Karen Michaela; Zumárraga Ramos, Dennys PatricioIntroduction: Hypertension (HTN) poses a global health challenge due to its high prevalence and the severe complications it can trigger. Late diagnosis is a common issue due to its asymptomatic nature in the early stages, underscorin g the importance of early prevention strategies. Objective: The aim of this bibliographic review is to analyze community prevention strategies focused on the early detection of HTN, evaluate their effectiveness, and propose recommendations for improving their implementation. Methods: An exhaustive review of the literature was carried out using recognized academic databases . The inclusion criteria were studies focused on community strategies for HTN detection. Selected studies were analyzed and synthesized to identify best practices and areas of improvement Results: Effective strategies identified include regular blood pressure monitoring by trained health professionals, patient education about HTN and its management, and promotion of healthy lifestyles. However, challenges persist in terms of diagnostic accuracy, cultural and socioeconomic barriers, and the need to tailor interventions to the specific characteristics of each community. Conclusions: Despite the challenges, community strategies for early HTN detection are viable and necessary to combat the growing prevalence of this disease. To achieve this, a combination of rigorous training, patient education, promotion of healthy lifestyles, and adaptation to community peculiarities is required. Furthermore, the need for robust health policies that support the implementation and sustainability of these intervention s is emphasized.Item CREACIÓN Y VALIDACIÓN DE UN INSTRUMENTO PARA EL CONTROL DE TRATAMIENTO ANTIHIPERTENSIVO(Universidad Técnica de Ambato/ Facultad de Ciencias de Salud /Carrera de Enfermería, 2024-05-29) Vargas Lozada, Alicia Nathaly; Pachucho Flores, Ana PamelaIntroduction. Arterial hypertension is a disease in which the force exerted by blood against the walls of the arteries is too high, representing an important risk factor for contracting various cardiovascular diseases, such as: heart disease, cerebrovascular accident, renal failure and other complications in health. Objective: To create a tool that guarantees adequate control of antihypertensive treatment, improving the effectiveness of the pharmacological regimen and patient adherence. Methodology: includes an exhaustive review of specialized literature, validation of its content by five experts and a pilot test composed of 83 subjects, which represents 10% of patients in a public health center in the province of Tungurahua, based on the 2019 Clinical Practice Guide of the Ministry of Health of Ecuador. Results: The tool presents acceptable validity and reliability, as demonstrated by its global Cronbach's alpha coefficient of 0.80, which indicates good reliability. instrument for comprehensive patient control. Furthermore, the study identifies 8 dimensions: medical care, laboratory tests, medication, risk factors, signs of not taking medication, signs of having an overdose, complications and general care. Conclusion: The article presents a valid and reliable tool to control hypertensive treatment.