Ciencias de la Salud
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Item SECUELAS EN PACIENTES POST INFECCIÓN POR COVID 19, UN COMPARATIVO ANTES Y DESPUÉS DE LA VACUNACIÓN(2025-06-16) Capuz Diaz Edwin Santiago; Romo López Ángel Geovanny; Universidad Técnica de Ambato / Facultad de Ciencias de Salud / Carrera de MedicinaThe coronavirus outbreak in 2019, reported in the city of Wuhan, Hubei province in China, caused by a type-2 severe acute respiratory syndrome virus, leading to a global declaration as a pandemic in 2020, a fatality rate of 1% to 3% of the population affected, mainly older adults, is estimated worldwide, adding those people who had some type of comorbidity such as Diabetes, High blood pressure, cardiovascular disease and some type of disease. of Cancer. On February 29, 2020, the Ministry of Public Health of Ecuador confirmed the first case of COVID 19 in the city of Guayaquil, however this would only be the beginning of an unimaginable outbreak of infections in said city and at the country level, had a great global impact since until August 28, 2022 we had a report of 598 million confirmed cases and a total of 6.4 million deaths globally. Causes acute respiratory syndrome in the initial stages, but over time the presence of digestive, renal, hepatic, cardiovascular and neurological disorders has been observed in different stages, whether acute, subacute and chronic. In 2021, tests and studies were already being carried out for the viability of immunization at a global level, but this did not guarantee 100% immunity since 60% of people could be infected again given the characteristics of the mutation.Item POLIOVIRUS: UNA ACTUALIZACIÓN EN EL ESQUEMA DE VACUNAS(Universidad Técnica de Ambato/ Facultad de Ciencias de Salud /Carrera de Medicina, 2024-09-25) Loachamin Avila, María José; Zabala Haro, Alicia MonserrathPolio, caused by the poliovirus, has been a pivotal target in the global eradication of infectious diseases. Vaccination programs have played a fundamental role in combating this disease, and various immunization strategies have been developed over time. One of these strategies is the combination of sequential inactivated polio vaccines (IPV) and oral polio vaccines (OPV) against the poliovirus. The aim of this literature review was to analyze the available literature on the effectiveness and safety of the combination of IPV and OPV in polio vaccination schemes. The methodology employed is based on the compilation and analysis of previous studies, scientific articles, and clinical trial data related to this strategy. The results of the review suggest that the combination of IPV and OPV can be effective in protecting against the poliovirus. This strategy has shown to enhance immunogenicity, particularly concerning serotype 2 of the poliovirus, and reduce risks associated with OPV, such as vaccine-associated paralytic polio (VAPP). In conclusion, the combination of IPV and OPV in polio vaccination schemes is a promising strategy that can significantly contribute to the eradication of the disease. However, it is crucial to maintain constant monitoring and rigorous evaluation to ensure its long-term effectiveness and safety. This review underscores the importance of considering this strategy in vaccination programs to achieve the goal of a polio-free world more effectively.Item NIVELES DE ANTICUERPOS ANTI-HBS EN ESTUDIANTES INMUNIZADOS CONTRA HEPATITIS B DE LA CARRERA DE LABORATORIO CLÍNICO DE LA UNIVERSIDAD TÉCNICA DE AMBATO(Universidad Técnica de Ambato/ Facultad de Ciencias de Salud /Carrera de Laboratorio Clínico, 2024-08-05) Allo Llamba, Karen Anahí; Jaramillo Ruales, Evelyn KatherineHepatitis B infection represents a global health problem, as according to the World Health Organization, 1.2 million new cases are reported each year. The infection can be curbed with the implementation of appropriate preventive measures, the main one being vaccination, which has been available in most parts of the world since 1984. Healthcare personnel are the most exposed to the infection, as occupational accide n ts involving needle sticks or other sharp objects increase the risk of contracting infecti o us diseases, including hepatitis B. Therefore, a cross-sectional, descriptive, observatio n al , prospective, and prolective study was conducted among students of the Clinica l Laboratory Career at the Technical University Of Ambato, which allowed the determination of the amount of protective antibodies against HBV through chemiluminescence assay and their relation to the doses received. Once the results were obtained, it was possible to determine that there is variation between the concentration of anti-HBs and the doses received, as well as an increase in seroprotection in the first months following the last administered dose, which decreases over time but can last for more than 20 years, although there was no statistically significant relationship. Therefore, awareness of the prevention of infectious diseases through vaccination is emphasized, given that the health sector is exposed daily.Item VIRUS DEL PAPILOMA HUMANO COMO FACTOR ETIOPATOGÉNICO EN EL DESARROLLO DE CÁNCER ORO FARÍNGEO: REVISIÓN BIBLIOGRÁFICA(Universidad Técnica de Ambato/ Facultad de Ciencias de Salud /Carrera de Medicina, 2024-06-10) Tixe Toalombo, Paulina Alejandra; Naranjo Naranjo, Doris EsthelaHuman Papillomavirus (HPV) has been identified as a significant etiological factor in the development of oropharyngeal cancer, particularly squamous cell carcinoma. The objective of this review was to evaluate the relationship between HPV infection, the incidence, progression and prognosis of oropharyngeal cancer. Methodology: An exhaustive literature review was carried out in databases such as PubMed, Scopus and Google Scholar, using keywords related to HPV and oropharyngeal cancer. Studies were included from 2019 to 2023, covering clinical investigations, epidemiological analyzes and reviews. Studies revealed that HPV, especially serotype 16, is associated with an increase in the incidence of oropharyngeal cancer, mainly affecting younger patients and with fewer traditional risk factors. HPV-positive patients had a better prognosis and survival compared to HPV-negative patients. The review also highlighted the importance of vaccination as a preventive strategy. HPV is a key etiopathogenic factor in oropharyngeal cancer, with significant implications for the prognosis and clinical management of the disease. Vaccination emerges as a crucial tool in prevention. However, there is a need to improve vaccination rates and early detection to effectively combat the disease.Item NIVEL DE CONOCIMIENTO DEL VIRUS DEL PAPILOMA HUMANO Y LA APLICACIÓN DE LA VACUNA EN ESTUDIANTES DE BACHILLERATO(Universidad Técnica de Ambato/ Facultad de Ciencias de Salud /Carrera de Enfermería, 2024-05-29) Pallo Revelo, Kathia Anahi; Moyano Calero, WillianThe Human Papilloma Virus is one of the most prevalent sexually transmitted infections in women and has been identified as a precursor to cervical cancer. The objective of this research is to evaluate the level of knowledge of the human papillomavirus and the application of the vaccine in high school students. The population consisted of 138 high school students from the Mejía D7 Educational Unit (Quito-Ecuador), whose sample consisted of 96 students selected through stratified sampling, to whom an instrument called "Knowledge about the human papillomavirus vaccine" was applied. This instrument collects information on 4 demographic variables and 18 true and false questions divided into two dimensions: 10 on general knowledge and 8 on vaccine administration. The results of the study show that the level of knowledge about general aspects about the HPV virus in high school students was 21.9% and in terms of knowledge about the administration of the vaccinewas 58.4%. However, the overall knowledge on the subject is 40.6%. In conclusion, the levelof knowledge about the HPV virus and the administration of its vaccine in high school students is medium-high, but there is still a large percentage of students who do not know the importance of the vaccine and how to prevent infection.Item Vacunación contra el covid-19 en la población pediátrica(Universidad Técnica de Ambato/Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud/Carrera de Enfermería, 2022-10-13) Ortiz Arrova, Jénesis Nadinne; Arráiz de Fernández, CarolinaThe objective of this research is to determine the vaccination against COVID-19 in the child population. This study is quantitative, descriptive, cross-sectional and prospective; and it was applied to the pediatric population of the Pinguili parish of the Mocha canton, province of Tungurahua, Ecuador. The population consisted of children over 1 year old up to 14 years old, who received the vaccine against COVID-19. Applying the finite population formula, with a margin of error of 5 and a reliability index of 95, a significant sample of 172 patients was obtained. The collection instrument was the "Notification Form for Events Supposedly Attributable to Vaccination or Immunization" of the Ministry of Health of Argentina. The results showed a predominance of immunized children between the ages of 10 to 14 years, corresponding to 52%. The most widely used vaccine was the one manufactured by the pharmaceutical company Sinovac (59% of cases). The most frequent adverse reaction was pain, while a combination of systemic adverse reactions was seen in several children of which fever was the most frequent. There was no illness attributable to vaccination against COVID-19. On the contrary, a spontaneous improvement of the symptomatology of the adverse effects caused by vaccination was evidenced in all cases. It is concluded that the majority of the pediatric population has been immunized with the COVID-19 vaccine and the local and systemic adverse effects resolved spontaneously without the need for specialized medication.Item Experiencias de los estudiantes de enfermería en el proceso de vacunación para el sars-cov-2(Universidad Técnica de Ambato/Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud/Carrera de Enfermería, 2022-10-11) Chugchilan Poveda, Erika Daniela; Acurio Viteri, Adelita YadiraIntroduction: The role of nursing in the vaccination process against SARS-CoV-2 has been essential for the registration, control and management of these immunizations in the times proposed by local governments. Objective: to analyze the experiences of Nursing students in the vaccination process for SARS-CoV-2. Methodology: it was a quantitative, descriptive, cross-sectional research that included a total of 150 nursing students at the Technical University of Ambato who, after signing an informed consent, were given a survey of 15 closed questions through Google Forms. to know the expectations, knowledge, skills and experiences in the vaccination process as well as to detect the main learning needs and practical performance. Results: 94% of the students agreed to participate in the vaccination plan, the main motivation (64.7%) was to acquire greater skills and knowledge about this new immunization, which will be modified in 92% of the students who They classified the experience as positive in their professional training, however, the management of the public health system was an inconvenience in this process and represented the main need for training. Conclusion: Most of the nursing students had sufficient knowledge, skills, and experiences to participate in the vaccination process for SARS-CoV-2 because the use of immunizations in all ages is widely contemplated within their curriculum, but Given that COVID-19 is relatively new, it involved receiving training on preparation, adverse effects, and monitoring, with which the students were prepared to actively participate in the vaccination plan.Item Rol de enfermería en la adherencia al esquema de vacunación en menores de edad indígenas(Universidad Técnica de Ambato/Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud/Carrera de Enfermería, 2022-10-07) Freire Medina, Cristina Guadalupe; Fernández Nieto, Miriam IvonneThe role of nursing is fundamental in the adherence to vaccination of indigenous minors, thus achieving the avoidance of vaccine-preventable diseases in the future, its main complement being educational and promotional functions in indigenous people, breaking intercultural barriers. The main objective focuses on determining the role of nursing in adherence to the vaccination scheme in indigenous minors, at the Juan Benigno Vela Type A Health Center in the Ambato canton (Ecuador). A qualitative, phenomenological and applied approach was applied, developed in the Juan Benigno Vela Type A Health Center. For the study, 119 relatives of indigenous minors were taken into account within the immunization process, as well as four nurses from the health institution. The results indicate that 53.78% of the indigenous participants report not having received information about post-vaccination adverse reactions and 55.46% do not know how to act when they occur. 40.34% express dissatisfaction with the care provided, due to inadequate treatment of the staff in 41.67%. The staff must know the Kichwa language and find the time to provide personalized education on the applied vaccines. It is concluded that vaccination is a strategy to prevent and control childhood diseases, where it is necessary to improve the quality of education and information provided by nursing to relatives or companions of vaccinated children. Another aspect to improve is the indigenous nurse-user relationship, which must be inclusive, humanized and respectful.Item Factores socioculturales relacionados al cumplimiento de los esquemas de vacunación en menores de 2 años durante el confinamiento(Universidad Técnica de Ambato/Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud/Carrera de Enfermería, 2022-03-01) Quirola Gavilánez, Johanna Carolina; Lic. Mg. Herrera López José LuisIntroduction: Failure to comply with vaccination schedules significantly affects the health and healthy and normal development of boys and girls. There are several factors, especially sociocultural, that may influence non-compliance with vaccination schedules. This in turn has been further aggravated due to the presence of the Covid-19 pandemic. Objective: To identify the socio-cultural factors related to compliance with the vaccination scheme in children under 2 years of age in a sample of mothers and fathers from Ecuador. Methodology: The methodology used for the analysis of the study comprises a descriptive, quantitative, comparative, cross-sectional design, the study time is between March 2020 and August 2021. Participants: Parents of 208 children under 2 years of age with Overdue schemes that are treated at the Health Center No. 1 in the city of Ambato. Results: The main factors associated with non-compliance with vaccination schedules include the socio-economic situation of the parents, the age of the parents, mobility and transportation, and access to vaccines. Also, the presence of covid-19 and social health measures have affected the difficulty of adherence to vaccination schedules. Conclusions: The current limitations in the vaccination adherence schemes strongly affect compliance with the vaccination programs and must be taken into account for the respective corrections in the public health policies.Item Experiencias vivenciales del personal de enfermería en la campaña de vacunación COVID en el cantón Ambato provincia de Tungurahua(Universidad Técnica de Ambato/Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud/Carrera de Enfermería, 2022-03-01) Llerena Saca, Willian Alfredo; Analuisa Jiménez, Eulalia Isabel Lic. Mg.Introduction: The pandemic has caused a serious health, social and economic crisis in the world. Demanding the Ministry of Public Health of Ecuador, to implement the COVID, vaccination plan requiring health personnel working on the front line to be the main participants; producing in them a change in lifestyle due to long working hours. Objective: To learn about the experiences of nursing personnel who participate in the COVID vaccination campaign in the Ambato Canton, Province of Tungurahua. Method: The research is a qualitative approach design of phenomenological exploratory type, with a sample taken by convenience and reasoned, with a total of 12 nursing professionals who have the phenomenon of interest, using a semi-structured interview as an instrument for data collection. Results: with the interviews conducted, a categorization of the information was elaborated, managing to classify them in: Perception of the COVID Vaccination strategy, Types of negative and positive experiences in the vaccination campaign, Changes in lifestyle. Physical and mental health, Perceived attitudes in the vaccination process, Interpersonal relationships. Conclusions: The experiences lived by the nursing staff in the COVID vaccination campaign were mostly good experiences, thus classifying them into positive and negative according to the interview conducted with each professional.