Ciencias de la Salud

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Subject: search.filters.subject.Adulto mayor

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    Uso de salas multisensoriales y su efecto en el equilibrio del adulto mayor
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato/ Facultad de Ciencias de Salud /Carrera de Fisioterapia, 2024-03-15) Caisalitin Ortiz, Kevin Ariel; Moscoso Córdova, Grace Verónica
    The present research work was carried out with the objective of identifying the effects of the use of multisensory rooms and their effect on the balance of the older adult (MA). The MA is prone to suffer a fall, due to the deterioration of their physical and mental capacities. The balance of 16 participants between 65 and 84 years of age of both sexes was evaluated. A balance test was used with a single evaluation with a duration of 15 minutes in each patient. The present project has a quantitative approach, since different tests were applied, among them the Unipodal Balance Test, One Legged Stance Test, Four Step Square Test, where we obtained numerical and categorical values from three stages: initial evaluation of balance outside the room, with auditory stimuli inside the room and finally visual stimuli inside the room. It is a longitudinal study, seeking to demonstrate the effects of the use of multisensory rooms on the balance of the older adult. As a result, the balance of the older adults, when tested in the multisensory rooms, improved the results compared to the initial evaluation, especially when evaluated with visual stimuli.
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    Arteterapia como estrategia para mejorar la calidad de vida en Adultos mayores
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato / Facultad de Ciencias de Salud / Centro de Posgrados, 2023-12-13) Illescas Tapia, Tatiana De Lourdes; Gaibor González, Ismael Álvaro
    The main objective of this research work was to improve the quality of life of older adults of the Social Foundation (FEDIS) of the Salinas canton, province of Santa Elena, Ecuador through the application of art therapy techniques: painting, collage, theater, drawing, dance, modeling and mandalas. The research had a quantitative approach and was of a quasi-experimental type, 30 older adults between 65 and 85 years of age participated, respecting the inclusion and exclusion criteria. It was found that before the intervention 43.3% of the participants presented a very low quality of life level and 56.7% a low level, but after the intervention 10% presented a high level, 60% medium and 30% low, it was also found that the mean score before the intervention was 94.23 and after 112.53, being the difference between the pre- and post-test statistically significant, so it was concluded that the application of art therapy techniques was effective in increasing the quality of life in older adults.
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    Arteterapia como estrategia terapéutica para reducir los niveles de depresión en los adultos mayores
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato / Facultad de Ciencias de Salud / Centro de Posgrados, 2023-12-12) Valle Moncayo, Víctor Hugo; Vásquez de la Bandera Cabeza, Fabricio Alejandro
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    Hemiartroplastia como tratamiento de elección para fractura intertrocanterica en el adulto mayor, breve revisión de la literatura
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato/ Facultad de Ciencias de Salud /Carrera de Medicina, 2023-10-05) Ramos Miniguano, Jairo Felipe; Garay Villamar, Daniel Gustavo
    Introduction: intertrochanteric fractures are among the prevailing orthopedic issues in the cohort of elderly patients. Exacerbated by situations like bone demineralization and falling incidents, it becomes imperative to establish therapeutic modalities that promote proper andlasting restoration. Objective: this review aims to synthesize the findings from literature regarding hemiarthroplasty in its role as a preferred treatment for intertrochanteric fractures in geriatricindividuals, weighing its feasibility, advantages, and potential challenges. Methodology: a meticulous bibliographic investigation was undertaken in renowned medicalrepositories, selecting relevant studies that addressed the implementation of hemiarthroplasty in the context of intertrochanteric fractures in the geriatric segment. Selection criteriaincluded clinical trials, integrative reviews, and metaanalyses published in the last decade. Results: the literature endorses hemiarthroplasty as a solvent therapeutic modality for intertrochanteric fractures in the elderly. Those subjected to this approach reflected a swift restitution, shorter hospital stays, and a reduction in post-surgical complications compared to other modalities. Unipolar and bipolar configurations demonstrated diverse benefits, according to the clinical scenario and context. Conclusions: hemiarthroplasty stands out as an exemplary protocol in the management of intertrochanteric fractures in the geriatric stratum, showcasing tangible advantages in recovery and adversity mitigation. However, the choice between unipolar and bipolarconfigurations demands a deliberation tailored to the individual patient's profile. The literary corpus confirms a favorable tilt towards hemiarthroplasty, reinforcing its status as a priority protocol.
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    Conocimiento de los adultos mayores en la prevención de hipertensión arterial
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato/ Facultad de Ciencias de Salud /Carrera de Enfermería, 2023-09-28) Gavilanez Remache, Pablo Andres; Guallichico Maura, Martha Lucia
    The present investigation allowed to identify the knowledge that older adults have about the prevention of arterial hypertension, taking into account the high rates of morbidity in the world, it can be affirmed that this pathology is increasing Methodology: A quantitative investigation was carried out at a descriptive level. with a cross section that allowed us to measure the level of knowledge of a population of older adults selected through inclusion and exclusion criteria through convenience sampling, where the survey was the optimal instrument for data collection, previously prepared with 13 closed questions and validated by means of Cronmbcah's Alpha statistical formula, after its application, data was manually tabulated, obtaining response frequencies as a result, it should be noted that the research respected at all times the ethical aspects of medical research in rights established in the Declaration of Helsinki. Result: It was possible to identify that 75% of the older adults know about HTA, likewise their diet is based on fruits, vegetables and vegetables avoiding high consumption of salt, alcohol and cigarettes, however they do not attend controls frequently , more than half do their medical checkups once a year. Conclusion: Knowledge is the basis of prevention, although the elderly are a vulnerable entity due to their physiological condition in the face of AHT, they can obviously improve their quality of life through healthy habits and routines.
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    Parámetros hematológicos como apoyo diagnóstico para evaluar la anemia en edad adulta tardía
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato/ Facultad de Ciencias de Salud /Carrera de Laboratorio Clínico, 2023-09-21) Chacón Molina, Erika Lisbeth; Rosero Freire, Daniela Alexandra
    Anemia in late adulthood is one of the most frequent alterations attributed mainly to the aging process and comorbidities, which is why the objective of this study was to identify the main hematological parameters that support the diagnosis of anemia in late adulthood. The methodology used was a bibliographic review carried out from original articles from databases such as: Medline, Scielo, BVS, ELSEVIER and Google Scholar, published in Spanish and English in the last 5 years. Through the results obtained, it was possible to determine that the main hematological parameter used for the diagnosis of anemia is hemoglobin and the mean corpuscular volume MCV that allow determining the existence of anemia, its severity and type. The most prevalent anemia was mild and of the normocytic type, which is associated with the presence of chronic pathologies. Once the investigation has been developed, it is concluded that the hematological parameters are fundamental for the diagnosis and identification of the type of anemia in the elderly, allowing to establish the appropriate treatment for it.
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    Evaluación del síndrome metabólico a través de pruebas de laboratorio en adultos mayores del cantón Ambato
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato/ Facultad de Ciencias de Salud /Carrera de Laboratorio Clínico, 2023-09-21) Freire Robalino, Jazmín Alexandra; Ramos Ramírez, Martha Cecilia
    The metabolic syndrome is a group of alterations that involves an increased risk of suffering cardiovascular accidents, diabetes mellitus and is associated with carbohydrate and lipid metabolism disorders, high blood pressure and overweight, especially in the elderly population. The present investigation seeks to evaluate the metabolic syndrome in order to characterize the clinical and sociodemographic parameters in older adults from the cantons of Atahualpa and Quisapincha in the city of Ambato. The laboratory parameters that were taken as part of this study are: fasting glucose, HDL cholesterol and triglyceride levels, accompanied by blood pressure levels that are governed based on the diagnostic criteria proposed by the National Cholesterol Education Programs Adults Treatment Panel III. Report (NCEP -ATP III). The methodology used had a quantitative approach, allowing us to relate the clinical parameters with the laboratory tests, finding factors such as diabetes, obesity and high blood pressure levels as the main triggers of this syndrome in the elderly of these populations. They are directly related to quality of life, eating habits, age, sedentary lifestyle, diabetes and overweight.
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    Programa de ejercicios en miembro inferior de método Perfetti en el equilibrio de adultos mayores
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato/Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud/Centro de Posgrados, 2023-07-06) Quishpe Guanoluisa, Wilson Galo; Moscoso Córdova, Grace Verónica
    This research was carried out to improve balance in older adults (AM) aged between 65 to 95 years of the "Home for the Elderly Saquisili" taking into account their vulnerability to falls, the need to improve balance has been seen. and thus prevent trauma. It was carried out with 15 elderly people who were selected under inclusion and exclusion criteria taking into account their contextual reality, their availability and respecting their integrity. It is a research with a quantitative longitudinal approach in which the Berg Balance Scale was used to assess balance before and after the application of the Perfetti Method, the same one that has been used for its neurorehabilitation component, to enhance cognitive processes in the lower limbs of the AM with a projection to improve balance. The results show that a constant is maintained in the two assessments of balance (before and after the application of the Perfetti method) in relation to difficulty: the test with the least difficulty is that of "Standing without help" and the one with the greatest difficulty is that of " Standing on one foot”. By means of a paired samples test, a significance of P= 0.00 is observed when applying the Perfetti method in older adults. In conclusion, there is a direct relationship between the Perfetti Method and the improvement of balance in AM, 86.6% of AM improved their balance.
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    Reeducación motora para mejorar las actividades de la vida diaria en adultos mayores
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato/Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud/Centro de Posgrados, 2023-06-29) Jiménez Laverde, Paola Bibiana; Reales Chacón, Lisbeth Josefina
    Alterations in postural control have a high correlation with sensory and cognitive aspects in the elderly; reflecting in the execution of the activities of daily life, due to exaggerated corrections in ankle strategies that affect speed records during walking; directly affecting the performance of activities in daily life in biped and walking. In this way, the interest arises to re-educate the upper and lower limb in older adults to improve the execution of activities of daily living; through motor control exercises. The research was of a descriptive longitudinal cohort type, under a quantitative approach on 30 older men and women who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria of the "My old Guaytacama" care unit. The Barthel index was applied to evaluate the activities of daily living and the level of independence of the elderly. The initial evaluation and review of the scientific evidence allowed the design of a protocol that was reviewed and validated by three experts, to be applied for 16 weeks, twice a week and lasting between 25 to 45 min per session. The results after the application of the physiotherapeutic intervention, reflect an improvement in the execution of the activities of daily living, going from severe and moderate levels of dependence to independence in all activities. In addition, significant differences were obtained between the measures (p=0.000). Concluding that the motor re-education of the lower and upper limb improves the execution of the activities of daily living and the level of independence of the elderly.
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    Programa de ejercicios de perturbación dirigido al entrenamiento del equilibrio en adultos mayores de la zona rural
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato/Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud/Centro de Posgrados, 2023-06-28) Sánchez Villacís, Erika Yazmín; Cedeño Zamora, María Narciza
    Falls represent one of the main causes of activity limitation, participation restriction and deaths due to involuntary trauma in the elderly, becoming a serious socio-sanitary problem, which requires the development of preventive and curative interventions for associated syndromes. to this phenomenon. In this way, it was proposed to establish the effect of a program of disturbance exercises aimed at balance training in older adults, through a descriptive study, longitudinal cohort and quantitative approach, on 30 older adults who actively participate in the Home Care Unit. “A New Life: Balance, gait and risk of falls were assessed with the Tinetti scale and the TUG test. Before and after applying the disturbance program reviewed and validated by expert judgment. The results reflect a clinical improvement in balance and gait of between 1 to 6 points, as well as a decrease in the risk of falls both in the Tinetti scale and in the TUG test, which were evidenced with significant differences between measures in balance, gait and risk of falls in both the Tinetti test and the TUG test. Thus, it can be concluded that a program of disturbances improves the balance and gait of the elderly, reducing the risk of falls.