Ciencias de la Salud
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Item INTERVENCIONES DE ENFERMERIA EN EL DETERIORO DE REGULACION DEL ESTADO DE ANIMO EN ADULTOS MAYORES(Universidad Técnica de Ambato/ Facultad de Ciencias de Salud /Carrera de Enfermería, 2024-10-04) Molina Peralta, Rodney Misael; Espín López, Valeria IsabelIntroduction: The high prevalence of mood impairment disorders in older adults with dementia leads to negative effects on quality of life. Doll Therapy or dollassisted therapy is proposed as a non-pharmacological intervention for this condition, based on theories of attachment, transitional object, and personcentered approach. Objective. Determine the effect of nursing interventions on the deterioration of mood regulation in older adults. Methodology. Quantitative, quasiexperimental and longitudinal study, conducted in 18 institutionalized older adults with dementia. The Mini Mental Test and the Differential Inventory of Adjectives for Mood State (IDDA-EA) were applied before and after the intervention with Doll Therapy for 4 weeks, with 3 weekly sessions lasting 60 minutes each. Results. The participants presented dementia according to the Mini Mental Test. The pre-intervention IDDA-EA revealed low levels of activation, elevated levels of stress and decreased arousal. After Doll Therapy, statistically significant improvements were found in the activation dimension (p=0.025), reflecting an increase in energy, interest, and disposition levels. Conclusion. Doll Therapy proved to be an effective nursing intervention to improve mood regulation in institutionalized older adults with dementia, specifically in the activation dimension. It is recommended to extend the application time to consolidate positive effects on the dimensions of stress and arousal.Item TERAPÉUTICA CON ANTICUERPOS MONOCLONALES EN LA ENFERMEDAD DE ALZHEIMER(Universidad Técnica de Ambato/ Facultad de Ciencias de Salud /Carrera de Medicina, 2024-09-25) Maliza Moposita, Johanna Abigail; Salazar Garcés, Luis FabiánIntroduction: Alzheimer's disease is a slow and progressive neurodegenerative pathology, characterised by cognitive impairment and decreased independence in daily personal activities. Objective: To identify the main advances made in the last 5 years in monoclonal antibody therapy in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. Methodology: This is a systematic review based on a search of studies, trials and meta-analyses using Google and Google Scholar search engines and through national and international databases such as: BVS, Dialnet, Medline, Scielo and Elsevier, Mediagraphic, Springer, Scopus. Results: When using monoclonal antibodies as a therapeutic option, there is no evidence of significant changes either at the beginning or in the advanced disease process and further studies are needed to establish their use, however, it is clear that monoclonal antibodies against Aβ can indeed improve activities of daily living. Conclusions: Due to the limited number of available trials, statistical significance was only found for bapineuzumab, an antibody directed against the N-terminus of Aβ. It not only demonstrated an ability to improve cognition and function, but also showed improvements in activities of daily living in terms of efficacy. However, it is important to note that bapineuzumab administration was associated with the occurrence of serious adverse events and requires further analysis when recommending its use.Item ESTIMU LACION COGNITIVA A TRAVES DE TERAPIA FISICA EN PACIENTES CON ALZHEI MER: REVISION SISTEMATICA(Universidad Técnica de Ambato/ Facultad de Ciencias de Salud /Carrera de Fisioterapia, 2024-08-27) Telenchana Tiana, Katherine Elizabeth; Cantuña Vallejo, Paul FernandoAlzheimer´s disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characteri z e d by the accumulation of beta-amyloid protein plaques in the brain, resulting in cogniti v e decline and functional impairment in patients. Physical therapy, traditionally used to treat muscular disorders, has been shown to be affective in stimulating cognition, thus becoming an alternative for its treatment. Therefore, the objective of this article is to determine the benefits of the physical therapy as a cognitive stimulator in patients with AD. This study conducts a systematic review of the available literature in PubM ed, SciELO, Elsevier, Google Scholar and PEDro, including a total of 14 articles . Various physical intervention protocols and their impact on cognition were analyzed. The results support the effectiveness of physical therapy, reflecting significant and promising changes in overall cognition, memory, attention, executive function and language after interventions such as aerobic exercise, strength training, multimo d a l programs and yoga. In conclusion, the study confirms that physical therapy is a viable and potentially effective strategy for stimulating cognition in patients with Alzheimer´s disease, and its importance in improving the quality of life in this population is emphasized.Item Estrategia didáctica desarrolladora para la prevención de demencia en la atención primaria de salud como parte del perfeccionamiento curricular en la carrera de medicina con base en la caracterización neuro inmunológica de adultos mayores(Universidad Técnica de Ambato/ Facultad de Ciencias de Salud /Centro de Posgrados, 2022-12) Guayasamín Ortíz, Claudia Carolina; Acosta Acosta, Josué Dr. Esp.Introduction: Dementia constitutes a public health problem to be taken into account within the academic process of the medical career, since the role of the primary health care physician is fundamental in the screening of possible cognitive impairment in the elderly, which motivates the development of a didactic developmental strategy based on the neuro-immunological characterization of older adults. Goal: To develop a didactic strategy for the prevention of dementia in primary health care as part of the curricular improvement in the medical career based on the neuroimmunological characterization of older adults, identifying the competencies to be developed. Methodology: Descriptive qualitative, cross-sectional, qualitative study of period. It included students about to enter the rotating internship in the period September 2022 - August 2023 of the Medicine Career of the Technical University of Ambato, who according to their curriculum received Immunology, Neurology and Community Medicine IV, being a total of 52 students. Results: There is a greater lack of knowledge of general basic concepts about dementia, some students still confuse secondary dementias as primary, some students still need to develop skills for diagnosis, recognition of risk factors, knowledge of what should be identified for primary and secondary prevention, there is still confusion in the use of instruments for the evaluation of dementia in primary health care, they have little experience in the comprehensive management of dementia and do not feel prepared to implement their knowledge and skills of dementia in the community, which aims the strategy proposed in this development project. Conclusions: The strategy is developed based on the requirements of the students and the indicators correspond to the methodology of competency assessmentItem Estrategia de evaluación neuroinmunológica y preclínica en la edad adulta tardía en una población de la sierra ecuatoriana(Universidad Técnica de Ambato/Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud/Carrera de Laboratorio Clínico, 2022-03-01) Basantes Ortega, Diana Evelin; Ramos Ramírez Bqf. Mg, Martha Ceciliaz Bqf. MgThe research topic is based on the determination of neuroimmunological evaluation strategies and preclinical evaluation in late adulthood of a population of the Ecuadorian Sierra, the study was carried out in the city of Ambato belonging to the province of Tungurahua with a total of 100 Outpatient. The research proposed is qualitative, descriptive, cross-sectional, because the job occupation, level of cognitive ability, family environment and problem-solving capacity were determined, this research project was carried out in the Provincial Board of Tungurahua in the period of September - October 2021, the selection of the patients was given by inclusion and exclusion criteria in such a way that only 43 patients met these criteria, psychological tests such as the mini-mental and the unified scale for Parkinson's were applied in order to evaluate their present symptoms and signs . In addition, 39 cases of Alzheimer's disease were obtained since they presented memory loss with slow evolution, affectation in thought and language, on the other hand, 4 cases of chronic dementia were obtained, that is, Parkinson's disease due to the onset of scrapie and advanced age.Item “Demencia en los adultos mayores del centro gerontológico señor de los remedios y su influencia en la sobrecarga psíquica de sus cuidadores”(Carrera de Psicología Clínica, 2019-08-01) Alarcón López, Fanny Monserrath; López Castro, Walter Javier, Ps.Cl. Mg.The objective of the present investigation was to determine the influence of the dementia of older adults of the Gerontological Center Lord of the Remedies in the psychic overload of their caregivers. Where it was important to consider that dementia is a syndrome caused by a brain disease of chronic and progressive nature in which there is an alteration of multiple cortical, superior functions, including memory, thinking, orientation, understanding, language, the ability to learn and perform calculations, and decision making, making the psychic overload the caregiver, generally the overload comprises a variety of factors such as economic difficulty, physical strain, or limitations. To support this research it was necessary to apply a Qdrs test, Quick Dementia Rating System, to 40 older adults, and a Zarit test aimed at 40 caregivers to measure the overload. It has been identified that most have a severe memory loss, do not have an effective orientation, they are also unable to make decisions or solve problems, so that the elderly present a high level of dementia, in addition the caregivers presented an overload intenseItem “La influencia del estilo de vida como tratamiento no farmacológico en la demencia senil de tipo alzheimer en adultos mayores en el hogar de ancianos sagrado corazón de jesús en el cantón Ambato provincia de Tungurahua en el periodo febrero 2014- julio 2014.”(Universidad Técnica de Ambato - Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud - Carrera de Medicina, 2014-11-01) Salvador Aguilar, Andrea Daniela; Bastidas Tello Dr. MSc., GuillermoThe present research was conducted in the Nursing Home Sacred Heart of Jesus, as there is a population of older adults with some degree of cognitive impairment level related to suffering Alzheimer's disease An investigation was carried out with an analytical, longitudinal, prospective study involving 20 older adults with Alzheimer's pathology in which an interview has a Cohen's kappa between 0.86 and 0.90 was applied, then the proposal will be implemented in either affected. To determine the influence was applied again the interview with which it is compared with the first, having changes in their statistical values that demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed addition statistical Wilcoxon test was applied, it is determined if there is a relationship between the variables lifestyle: health status, mobility, personal care and depression with non-drug treatment. This work showed that severe cognitive impairment is maintained, there is no change, and in mild cognitive impairment and there is a modest 10% improvement. The main objective of this work is to demonstrate the influence of lifestyle as non-pharmacological treatment in senile dementia of Alzheimer type in older adults in the nursing home Sacred Heart of Jesus in the Canton Ambato Tungurahua Province in February 2014 period.