Ciencias de la Salud
Permanent URI for this communityhttp://repositorio.uta.edu.ec/handle/123456789/813
Browse
10 results
Search Results
Item FACTORES QUE AUMENTAN LAS INFECCIONES DE TRANSMISIÓN SEXUAL EN LA POBLACION DEL ECUADOR: REVISION SISTEMATICA(2025-06-17) Villarroel Bonilla, Estiven Javier; Cashabamba Padilla, Franklin Hernán; Universidad Técnica de Ambato / Facultad de Ciencias de Salud / Carrera de EnfermeríaIntroduction: Sexually transmitted infections are caused by microorganisms, including viruses, bacteria and parasites, which can be transmitted from one individual to another during sexual contact. These infections affect women as well as men and lead to chronic health consequences if they are not diagnosed in time. Objective: Describe risk factors for STIs in the population of Ecuador. Methods: Qualitative study, with a descriptive research design and descriptive scope, was carried out through a review of documents that contain the required information, including focused on the population of Ecuador. Results: Among the most common STIs, the human papillomavirus (HPV) was identified in the population of Ecuador and in other countries are syphilis, genital herpes, gonorrhea and finally chlamydia. Contagion can occur by having direct contact with an infected secretion, such as semen, blood or female fluids, that is, vaginal fluids. Several STIs can coexist in the same individual due to the sharing of some transmission mechanisms. Those infections that lead to ulcers or inflammation in the genitourinary tract can favor the transmission of others, such as HIV or the hepatitis C virus. Conclusions: It is relevant to note that the infection figures vary depending on the country and region, the Studies frequently focus on key populations, such as adolescents, young people, pregnant women, homosexuals, and sex workers.Item ACTUALIZACIÓN DEL TRATAMIENTO TÓPICO DE LA LEISHMANIASIS CUTÁNEA EN EL ECUADOR(2025-06-16) Pazmiño Gavilanez Andrea Elizabeth; Valencia Zamora Franklin Julio; Universidad Técnica de Ambato / Facultad de Ciencias de Salud / Carrera de MedicinaIntroduction: Cutaneous leishmaniasis is a tropical disease that particularly affects rural populations in Ecuador. Despite advances in topical treatments, their effectiveness and adverse effects vary widely, highlighting the need to focus research on the clinical management of this disease and to optimize the available treatments. Objective: To investigate the efficacy of topical treatments used in Ecuador for managing cutaneous lesions caused by leishmaniasis. Methodology: An exhaustive bibliographic review was conducted, focusing on scientific articles and medical reports addressing topical treatments in the Ecuadorian context, emphasizing clinical studies and epidemiological data. Results: The review indicates that topical treatments such as paromomycin and cryotherapy have shown efficacy in reducing cutaneous lesions, but their success depends on various factors, including the Leishmania species, treatment adherence, and healthcare accessibility. However, adverse effects, such as local skin reactions and incomplete healing in some cases, were observed, limiting the overall effectiveness of the treatment. Conclusion: Topical and local treatments, such as paromomycin and cryotherapy, represent effective and well-tolerated alternatives for cutaneous leishmaniasis in Ecuador. Strengthening research on their efficacy across different species and promoting their integration into public health policies is essential.Item VALORES DE REFERENCIA DEL SHUTTLE WALKING TEST EN NIÑOS Y ADOLESCENTES ECUATORIANOS(2025-02-26) Muñoz Benitez, Joselyn Michelle; Caiza Lema, Stalin Javier; Universidad Técnica de Ambato/ Facultad de Ciencias de Salud /Carrera de FisioterapiaThe aim of this study was to establish reference values for the Incremental Shuttle Walking Test (ISWT) in Ecuadorian children and adolescents. The study sample included 294 children and adolescents, with an almost equal distribution between genders (50.7% males and 49.3% females), between 8 and 17 years old, from the city of Ambato, Ecuador. Previous equations (Lanza, Vardhan, and Pinho) were used to predict the distance covered in the ISWT, comparing the results obtained with the predicted values. During the ISWT the participants exceeded the distances predicted by the Lanza and Vardhan equations, although the Pinho equation showed a negative difference in prediction. Statistical analysis indicated that gender did not significantly influence the distances predicted by the Vardhan equation, but did influence the Lanza and Pinho equations. In addition, the Vardhan equation was the most accurate, with 98% of participants exceeding the predicted distance, while the Pinho equation presented greater discrepancies, with only 44.9% exceeding. The study highlighted that the reference equations used in other populations do not accurately predict the distance traveled in the ISWT for the Ecuadorian population. It was concluded that it is essential to develop local reference equations for children and adolescents in Ecuador, which will provide an assessment framework adapted to the specific characteristics of this population.Item Síndrome anémico en la edad adulta tardía en una población de la sierra ecuatoriana(Universidad Técnica de Ambato/Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud/Carrera de Laboratorio Clínico, 2022-09-01) Manobanda Lozada, Gabriela del Rosario; Ramos Ramírez, Martha Cecilia, MSc. Bqf.Anemia is the decrease in hemoglobin concentration and inability of erythropoiesis to compensate for the excessive loss of erythrocytes. The population most vulnerable to anemic syndrome (AS) are people over 60 years of age, who represent about 12% of the total Latin American population. The objective of this research was to analyze the prevalence of AS in adults between 60 and 75 years old in 4 parishes of the city of Ambato based on hemoglobin (HGC), erythrocytes (RBC) and hematocrit (HCT) values, during a period of 8 days (12-20 Jul 2022). A descriptive, cross-sectional, field design was used. With Odd Ratio based on the Body Mass Index (BMI) of the patients, and the prevalence of SA with respect to the total number of patients. The study sample was 52 of 100 geriatric patients, and it was determined that, in 2 of the 4 sites, there was one patient with elevated red blood cell count (6.06 106/Ul), and another patient with higher levels of HGB (19 g/dL) and HCT (59%), however, there was no evidence of anemia due to adequate intake in the food consumed by the established population. The probability of presenting SA in the four study sites is null to very low, with a prevalence of 0.045% including all patients.Item Cambios bioquímicos en la edad adulta tardía de una población de la sierra ecuatoriana(Universidad Técnica de Ambato/Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud/Carrera de Laboratorio Clínico, 2022-09-01) Feijoó Montoya, Joselyn Judith; Ramos Ramírez, Martha Cecilia, MSc. Bqf.The impact of biochemical changes in the elderly has the same factor in common since they present alterations in their old age and those described are seen in glucose metabolism as: morphological and functional. The First ones are associated with an increase in visceral fat, fatty tissue infiltration and lower beta cell mass, the second ones are observed in increased production of adipokines, inflammatory factors, as well as increased insulin resistance and diabetes. Changes in lipid metabolism fluctuate and alter lipoproteins, cholesterol, and triglycerides; It can be evidenced when measuring these serum analytes, thus causing dyslipidemia. The research is focused on identifying the main biochemical changes in glucose and lipid profile analyzes (cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL and LDL) in a population of 89 older adults from the province of Tungurahua, Ecuador, through a study with a descriptive design, transverse, field. Using the Minitab version 18.1 software, it was possible to determine that with a 95% reliable interval there are no changes in the analytes of glucose, total cholesterol, HDL and LDL. On the other hand, with a reliable interval of 95% of 100%, 14% may have a value above 150mg/dL in the triglyceride analyte in both men and women. The percentage of patients with a tendency to suffer from biochemical changes is relatively low in our research, which is why the physical activity carried out by the study patients has been determined as a protective factor given their way of working, despite this hypertriglyceridemia stands out by 14%. Likewise, a high percentage of geriatric patients state that they have developed diabetes in 64% (n = 57), but show little knowledge of the disease, since they say they suffer from it, but it is not reflected in the laboratory results that they present such a disease.Item Intervención comunitaria en parasitosis intestinal en niños de 5 a 9 años de edad de la Parroquia Totoras del Cantón Ambato(Universdidad Técnica de Ambato/Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud/Centro de posgrados, 2022-06-01) De la Torre Fiallos, Ana Verónica; Pacha Jara, Ana GabrielaBqf. Mg.Intestinal parasites continue to be a serious public health problem, especially for children. The objective of the present study was to develop a community intervention in intestinal parasitosis in children between 5 and 9 years of age from the Totoras Parish of the Canton Ambato. It is an analytical, prospective, cross-sectional study; where 153 children were randomly selected and a stool sample was requested, which underwent a direct stool examination and a Willis technique, dewormers were given to children with intestinal parasites. In addition, a questionnaire was designed to identify the conditioning factors for the presence of intestinal parasites, evaluating before and after the intervention. 77.1% of parasites were obtained, prevailing polyparasitism (77%) over monoparasitism (23%) and chromists / protozoa over helminths (91.7% / 8.3%). The main species found were: Blastocystis sp. (31%), Entamoeba coli (21%) and Endolimax nana (18%). After the intervention, 71.1% of high knowledge about parasitosis was found. It is concluded that the children of the Totoras parish have a high frequency of intestinal parasites.Item Prevalencia de la infección por el virus de inmunodeficiencia humana (VIH) en un centro de rehabilitación social de la sierra ecuatoriana(Universidad Técnica de Ambato/Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud/Carrera de Laboratorio Clínico, 2022-03-01) Carrera Criollo, Lizbeth de los Ángeles; Ramos Ramírez, Martha Cecilia MSc. Bqf.The research was carried out considering that the majority of women prisoners come from marginalized social groups, having notable probabilities of being involved in sex work, substance use, aggression and unwanted pregnancies at an early age, which can become a factor, key generator of sexually transmitted diseases (STDs). Objective: to determine the prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection in a Social Rehabilitation Center in the Ecuadorian Sierra, 2018. Methodology: a cross sectional analytical study, non-experimental design, demonstrated in 69 inmates, in which sociodemographic factors, family context, lifestyles and sexual risk behaviors for contracting HIV were evaluated. Results: the inmates indicate having started their sexuality between the ages of 16 to 30 (31.88%) and from 31 to 49 (57.98%), in addition, they indicate that they live in a free union (37.68%), they have studied secondary education (47.83%), their customs are Catholic (66.67%), their orientation is heterosexual (91.38%), they have habits such as tobacco consumption (24.64%), alcohol (37.68% ), drugs (14.49%), piercing (66.67%); In addition, adolescent pregnancy stands out (73.91%), sexual assaults (10.14%), sexual relations with substance use (27.54%), not using condoms (59.42%), and suffering from STDs (5.80%), finally the data indicate that 94.20% have non-reactive HIV results and 5.8% are reactive HIV. Conclusions: The study showed a low prevalence of HIV in the presence of the factors analyzedItem Evaluación de la psicomotricidad en niños menores de 3 años durante la teleeducación en tiempos de confinamiento(Universidad Técnica de Ambato/Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud/Carrera de Enfermería, 2022-03-01) Arias Solis, Viviana del Rocío; Benavidcs Rovalino, Esther del Rocío Lic. Mg.Objective: To determine the psychomotor skills in children under 3 years of age, dtiring tele-education in times of confinement through the Denver test. The research was of a basic type with a quantitative approach and a sirnplc cohort; Thc Dcnvcr Test was iniplementetl, and it was alst› carried tout indiViÜLl:Illy ft›r each child. The test consiste of 55 items, and elassiJies children depending on their failures: normal, doubtJul and abnormal. One hundred participants were included in the study population. As a result, childrcn from 0 to 3 ycars old in thc pcrsonal social arca, 95’% had nomial dcvcloprnciit and 5% presentecl delay; in the area of fine mottx’ sl‹i11s, 5 l % reach adequate develtipirent and 49% present a delay; within the gross inotor area, 34% present retardation and 66% achieve adequate development; In the language area, 58'/» have a normal development and 42% present delay. lu conclusion, the pandeinic caused by Covid-19 is associated with an increase in ris1‹ factors for the adequate development of psychomotor skills. Mediation has been achieved with technology and the possibilities of realizing an inclusive and personalized approach in virtiial education.Item Influencia de prácticas ancestrales para el uso de métodos de planificación familiar en mujeres en edad fértil en el Ecuador(Universdidad Técnica de Ambato/Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud/Centro de posgrados, 2021-04-01) Betancourt Constante, Myriam Verónica Md.; Zavala Calahorrano, Alicia MarifernandaDra. PhDIntroduction: Before addressing this issue, it must be taken into account that health is the result of the convergence of various factors: biological, social, economic and cultural. It must be understood that the way in which every human being distinguishes his environment and the way in which he relates to it is determined by the culture of each individual. The recognition of sexual and reproductive rights in the Constitution of the Republic of Ecuador in 1998, undoubtedly marked an important stage in the redefinition of human rights. Thus, the need to recognize sexual and reproductive rights is raised, the free exercise of which takes place in a complex space in which injustices that affect not only freedom but also the integrity and quality of life of people are evident. Ancestral knowledge and practices over time have lost their strength and importance. Objective: To know how ancestral practices influence the use of Family Planning Methods in women of childbearing age in Ecuador. Method: Qualitative study of a phenomenological type since it seeks to know the meaning that each individual gives to their environment in order to satisfy the need to xvii explain and understand the nature of things and of lived experiences, perceived from the eyes of people who experience them. Results: The ancestral practices in Ecuador are several, however, not all the population has access to them. Several ancestral knowledge and knowledge were identified, and that many women put into practice when avoiding an unwanted pregnancy and also in case of infertility.Item “Evaluación del efecto antibacteriano de los extractos de plantas medicinales del Ecuador”(Universidad Técnica de Ambato - Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud - Carrera de Laboratorio Clínico, 2019-10-01) Núñez Hernández, Erika Tatiana; Gudiño Gomezjurado, Marco Esteban Dr.In the last decade, worldwide data shows the continued increase in resistance of microorganisms to antimicrobials. All this is due to the abuse, abuse of these substances by humans and the use of antibiotics during agricultural and veterinary practices. So much so, that according to the World Health Organization (WHO) the situation is emerging at the health level, with the consequent socioeconomic impact. Therefore, new alternatives have been sought and one of them is the plant species. Ecuador, owning a great diversity of flora, fauna and ethnic diversity, Aboriginal peoples have used plants to mitigate and cure ailments. Against this background, we set out to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of 11 plant species against bacteria. Of these, Croton lechleri and Eucalyptus globulus Labil had antibacterial effects in the presence of log10 7.8 CFU of S. aureus ATCC 25923 and log10 8.48 CFU of L. monocytogenes ATCC 19115 with a minimum bactericidal concentration of 2.5 mg for S. aureus ATCC 25923 and 5 mg for L. monocytogenes ATCC 19115 with C. lechleri and 5 mg for S. aureus ATCC 25923 and 0.625 for L. monocytogenes ATCC 19115 with Eucalyptus globulus Labil.