Ciencias de la Salud
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Item Estrategias para la prevención del embarazo en adolescentes en la comunidad de Patután(Universidad Técnica de Ambato/ Facultad de Ciencias de Salud /Carrera de Enfermeria, 2023-09-01) Carvajal Reatiqui, Gabriela Liseth; Chasillacta Amores, Fabiola Beatriz Lic. Mg.This research addresses the issue of early pregnancy and the risk factors associated with its development, taking into account that early pregnancy is the process of pregnancy that occurs during the adolescent stage. Objective: The objective is to determine the strategies for the prevention of adolescent pregnancy in the community of Patután. Methodology: A quantitative, descriptive, non-experimental and cross-sectional study was designed. The study sample consisted of 100 adolescents from the community of Patután, using the survey as an instrument. Results: Of the adolescents who participated in the study, it was found that there is a higher prevalence of adolescents aged 18 years with 31% of the cases, followed by adolescents aged 19 years with 29% and to a lesser extent, adolescents aged 16 years with 21% and 17 years with 19%. Similarly, there is a higher prevalence of female adolescents, corresponding to 61% (61), followed by 39% (39) corresponding to the male sex. Conclusions: Based on the results obtained in the study, where a significant percentage of adolescents have an erroneous perception about the use, application or administration of contraceptive methods, defining as the main risk factor, in addition to the age of the adolescents, is the level of knowledge they have regarding pregnancy prevention measuresItem Estrategias de ejercicios cardiovasculares para mejorar las respuestas funcionales en pacientes con neuropatía periférica diabética(Universidad Técnica de Ambato/ Facultad de Ciencias de Salud /Carrera de Fisioterapia, 2023-03-01) Marquina Amón, Diana Patricia; Reales Chacón, Lisbeth Josefina Dra.The general objective is to determine cardiovascular exercise strategies that improve functional responses in patients with diabetic peripheral neuropathy. The methodology used has a quantitative approach, and the technique used was observation through the 6-minute walk test (PC6M), applying the information recording form. The sample consisted of 34 patients, 70.6% of them belonged to the elderly population segment and 29.6% represented adults, 67.6% belonged to the female sex and 32.4% to the male sex, most of the participants had a normal weight, 29.4% of the participants showed some degree of obesity. The study developed an initial and final evaluation with the implementation of an accessible cardiovascular exercise protocol for patients with diabetic peripheral neuropathy, 15-minute cardiovascular exercises were selected. The results show that the heart rate was 81.41 in the final evaluation and the participants covered 325.71 m before the intervention, while in the final 336.18, 11.8% suffer from arterial hypertension, 35.3% instead hypothyroidism and 17.6% respiratory problems. The data of the applied test show significant relationships with a p-value of less than 0.05, in general in all the values evaluated specifically for systolic and diastolic blood pressure at rest and during the activity itself. In conclusion, intervention favors systolic blood pressure at rest and during the 6-minute exercise, because it adapts to the needs and physical activity favors the health of patientsItem Estrategia didáctica desarrolladora para la prevención de demencia en la atención primaria de salud como parte del perfeccionamiento curricular en la carrera de medicina con base en la caracterización neuro inmunológica de adultos mayores(Universidad Técnica de Ambato/ Facultad de Ciencias de Salud /Centro de Posgrados, 2022-12) Guayasamín Ortíz, Claudia Carolina; Acosta Acosta, Josué Dr. Esp.Introduction: Dementia constitutes a public health problem to be taken into account within the academic process of the medical career, since the role of the primary health care physician is fundamental in the screening of possible cognitive impairment in the elderly, which motivates the development of a didactic developmental strategy based on the neuro-immunological characterization of older adults. Goal: To develop a didactic strategy for the prevention of dementia in primary health care as part of the curricular improvement in the medical career based on the neuroimmunological characterization of older adults, identifying the competencies to be developed. Methodology: Descriptive qualitative, cross-sectional, qualitative study of period. It included students about to enter the rotating internship in the period September 2022 - August 2023 of the Medicine Career of the Technical University of Ambato, who according to their curriculum received Immunology, Neurology and Community Medicine IV, being a total of 52 students. Results: There is a greater lack of knowledge of general basic concepts about dementia, some students still confuse secondary dementias as primary, some students still need to develop skills for diagnosis, recognition of risk factors, knowledge of what should be identified for primary and secondary prevention, there is still confusion in the use of instruments for the evaluation of dementia in primary health care, they have little experience in the comprehensive management of dementia and do not feel prepared to implement their knowledge and skills of dementia in the community, which aims the strategy proposed in this development project. Conclusions: The strategy is developed based on the requirements of the students and the indicators correspond to the methodology of competency assessmentItem Prevención de la hipotermia perioperatoria: una estrategia de enfermería(Universidad Técnica de Ambato/Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud/Carrera de Enfermería, 2022-10-11) Rivera Chuquiana, Angelly Estefanía; Costales Coronel, Blanca GeorginaIntroduction: Perioperative hypothermia is a frequent and underestimated complication in patients undergoing surgical processes since its incidence is from 6% to 90% depending on the type of operation, same that when not effectively controlled can cause serious physical damage to the patient. Objective: To know the strategies applied by the nursing staff for the prevention of perioperative hypothermia. Methods: This study has a quantitative, descriptive and cross-sectional approach. This study was conducted in the facilities of the Hospital General Provincial Latacunga from September 2021 to March 2022. The sample is of census type corresponding to 70 participants of the nursing staff. Results: There was evidence of a predominance of 82.90% female sex, 72.90% with a nursing degree. They work in the emergency service 40.00%. In relation to theoretical knowledge of the value of hypothermia 62.90%, active warming 38.60%, environmental temperature of an operating room 28.60%, the temperature at which liquids or blood products should be found 58.60%. Conclusion: The nursing professionals of the Hospital General Provincial Latacunga know the definition of hypothermia and the different strategies of active and passive warming. However, on the negative side, they do not know the value of the environmental temperature that should be found in an operating room and the temperature at which intravenous fluids should be administered in the perioperative period. These professionals always use active and passive warming strategies to prevent perioperative hypothermia.Item Estrategias conductuales en el uso de mascarillas por parte de los internos rotativos de enfermería de la Universidad Técnica de Ambato(Universdidad Técnica de Ambato/Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud/Carrera de Enfermería, 2021-03-01) Chicaiza Siza, Mariela Lissette; Quenorán Almeida, Verónica Sofía Lic. Mg.The present research work aims to identify behavioral strategies in the use of masks by rotating nursing interns of the Technical University of Ambato during their hospital practices. The methodology was of a mixed quantitative and qualitative approach, descriptive and cross-sectional that included a population of 38 rotating inmates, as a data collection technique an online survey and an observation guide were applied with the guidelines established by the World Organization of health. The results show that 95% use the mask permanently, therefore, proper placement, use and disposal is essential to ensure the effectiveness of this respiratory protection device to limit the spread of certain respiratory diseases or even prevent contamination associated with use. incorrect of these inputs. The Chi square statistical test is also applied according to this, the decision rule rejects the null hypothesis and accepts the alternative hypothesis, that is; behavioral strategies do influence the use of masks.Item “Estimulación temprana como estrategia de aprendizaje para evitar enfermedades respiratorias infantiles”(Universidad Técnica de Ambato - Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud - Carrera de Estimulación Temprana, 2019-09-01) Laura Tigse, Johanna Belén; Fernández Soto, Gerardo Fernando Dr.The present project focuses on investigating the knowledge that educators have on the subject: "Early Stimulation as a learning strategy to avoid Childhood Respiratory Diseases", was carried out in the province of Cotopaxi - Latacunga, to MIES professionals, has as objectives: State the level of knowledge that the educators possess based on the results obtained from the previous stage carried out in the period September 2018 -February 2019, in the same way a guide of activities focused on the prevention and identification of symptoms of respiratory diseases directed for children. It is concluded, after having tabulated the data, that the MIES educators of the province of Cotopaxi the majority if they have knowledge about: Early Stimulation, its benefits and the moment of application in which it must be carried out over 2 years, finally He analyzed the knowledge acquired by the educators himself, however, they are unaware of whether the Early Stimulation programs are global. On the other hand, it was evidenced that their knowledge about Respiratory Diseases are: common diseases, their way of contagion and how to avoid respiratory disease, however, most educators are unaware of the most affected age group.Item “La puericultura como estrategia para el desarrollo de los niños(as) de 0 a 6 meses”(Universidad Técnica de Ambato - Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud - Carrera de Estimulación Temprana, 2019-04-01) Tubón Tenelema, Ana Maricela; Fernández Soto, Gerardo Fernando Dr.This work is carried out in four Child Development Centers of the city of Ambato: “Las Fresitas” of the Mercado Central, “Droplets of Tenderness” of the Mercado Modelo, “Little Steps of Honey” of the Artisan Market and “Las Pequitas” of the Mercado Urbina , its objective was to determine the influence of childcare as a strategy in the development of children from 0 to 6 months of the four Child Development Centers of the Market Network of the city of Ambato, from a methodology based on livelihood In the bibliography, the finding demonstrates the essential aspects of care for the child at a sensitive stage. A population of 17 child caregivers was used to whom a survey was applied. The results of this instrument revealed a lack of knowledge of several essential aspects related to childcare, the conclusion The need to plan a guide with at least ten activities, using various resources and strategies, the same as e is applicable and is available to children's centers for the benefit of educators, it aims to provide important and necessary information which allows quality care to each of the infants. Similarly the survey applied to caregivers whose data revealed that they have an acceptable knowledge of childcare, however it is recommended to update their techniques and methods of work with children, in addition to frequently assessing infants to prevent any delay in their normal development.Item “Estrategias de afrontamiento y sobrecarga en el cuidador de niños con discapacidad intelectual”(Universidad Técnica de Ambato - Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud - Carrera de Psicología Clínica, 2017-07-01) Toapanta Avilés, Lenin Israel; Guzmán Hallo, Byron Miguel Ps. Cl.The present investigation had as objective to determine the influence of the coping strategies and the overload of the caregiver of children with intellectual disability of the Foundation of Special Children of San Miguel. Coping strategies are a set of cognitive and behavioral processes that are developed in situations of threat or stressors; the evaluation of coping strategies was done through the Coping Strategies Inventory, which evaluates eight types of coping strategies. On the other part, the caregiver's overload is the emotional and physical exhaustion in the presence of stressful situations related to the care of a person. The Caretaker Overload scale provides a global result, allowing you get the respective overload levels. Applied to 50 caregivers of children with intellectual disabilities. For the data analysis, the SPSS statistical program was used through the X2 test, obtaining an exact chi square significance (0.270> 0.05), checking the independence of the variables, therefore, there is no relationship between the variables. However, the relationship between caregiver overload and coping strategies of cognitive restructuring and problem solving was identified.Item “Estrategias de afrontamiento y calidad de vida en pacientes oncológicos”(Universidad Técnica de Ambato - Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud - Carrera de Psicología Clínica, 2017-07-01) González Vallejo, Jessica Lissette; Sandoval Villalba, Juan Francisco Ps. Cl.The present research aimed to determine the relationship between coping strategies and quality of life in cancer patients, was chosen at the Solca Tungurahua-Hospital Oncology Unit "Dr. Julio Enrique Paredes C. ", of the city of Ambato, for the investigation was counted on the participation of 100 people of ages between the 18 and 60 years. The type of research that was carried out was correlational, bibliographical and documentary. To obtain data, psychological reagents were used to identify types of coping (Lazarus Stress Scale), while SF-36 Questionnaire was used to measure quality of life levels. After the application of reagents, statistical analysis and verification of the hypothesis were carried out through the SPSS program.22 It was determined that the coping strategies are related to the quality of life of cancer patients.Item Violencia de Género y Estrategias de Afrontamiento en Mujeres de la Población de Anchiliví 2015 – 2016(Universidad Técnica de Ambato-Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud-Dirección de Posgrado, 2016-11-01) Silvia Rosana, Defaz Taipe Dra.; Becker Santiago Dr. Esp., Neto Mullo,The objective of this study is to determine the coping strategies present in women suffering from gender-based violence in the Anchiliví neighborhood Salcedo Canton in the period 2015-2016. A qualitative-quantitative, field, observational, documentary, descriptive-correlational study. The sample consisted of 114 women between 20 and 40 years of age, married and in free union, two surveys were carried out, the first one assessing if they were victims of violence and second the inventory of coping strategies CSI, the data were Entered in an Excel database and processed in the SPSS program, applying the Chi square statistic with a significance level of p <0.05. Obtaining that 68.42% of women present some type of violence, while 31.58% reported not having suffered, taking into account the type of violence, the psychological represented 100%, physical 34.2% and sexual violence with 5.25%, they were in dependence with the sociodemographic characteristics. It is concluded that women victims of violence have 57.89% of adequate management in the face of violence, this responds to the fact that most of them present coping strategies such as solving the problem and social support. 41.01% presented inadequate management in the presence of violence, because they have desiderative thoughts and are self-critical.