Ciencias de la Salud
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Item ENTRENAMIENTO DE RESTRICCIÓN DE FLUJO SANGUÍNEO EN LA FUERZA Y ÁREA TRANSVERSAL DEL CUÁDRICEPS EN PACIENTES CON RECONSTRUCCIÓN DEL LIGAMENTO CRUZADO ANTERIOR(2025-02-27) Maroto Amán, Luis Eduardo; Cedeño Zamora, María Narciza; Universidad Técnica de Ambato/ Facultad de Ciencias de Salud /Carrera de FisioterapiaThe anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) is one of the most important tissues that help stabilize the knee, however, it represents more than half of all injuries sustained in a sports environment, being a very important challenge in recovery. Therefore, the objective of this review is to identify articles that address the use of BFR in physiotherapy as a treatment to improve quadriceps strength and cross-sectional area in patients with ACL reconstruction and to determine its effectiveness. Methods: The search was carried out from September 5 to 16, 2024 in the main databases PubMed and ScienceDirect and the methodology was assessed using the AMSTAR-2 scale, leaving 8 articles selected for this review. Results: BFR-E increases muscle strength, significantly reduces strength deficits in isokinetic knee extension, improves muscle endurance and function, increases quadriceps muscle size, and attenuates concentric isokinetic strength losses after surgery and rehabilitation. Conclusion: Findings suggest that BFR is a valuable tool for rehabilitation after ACL reconstruction, however, outcomes may vary depending on the exercise protocol.Item FORTALECIMIENTO DEL CUÁDRICEPS PARA MEJORAR LA MARCHA EN ADULTOS MAYORES(2025-02-27) Cueva Molina, Karen Mayeli; Bonilla Ayala, Josselyn Gabriela; Universidad Técnica de Ambato/ Facultad de Ciencias de Salud /Carrera de FisioterapiaStrengthening the quadriceps in older adults is essential to improve gait, as this muscle group plays a key role in stability and mobility. Through specific exercises that increase muscle strength, postural control can be improved, reducing the risk of falls and optimizing walking functionality. This type of intervention contributes to a safer and more efficient gait, promoting independence and quality of life. Therefore, the objective of this research project was to determine the effects of quadriceps strengthening to improve gait in older adults. The quadriceps strength was measured using the dynamometer, the Tinetti scale and Timed Up and Go (TUG) to evaluate gait, accompanied by an intervention for strengthening, which were applied to 20 participants belonging to the GAD Parroquial 11 de Noviembre. This is an observational research, with a quantitative approach, the T test was used for normality analysis, in the sample reflected a value of p >0.05 giving a result of non-parametric data. Among the results, it was obtained that there were clinical improvements, but not statistical improvements in the post-intervention of dynamometry and TUG, except for Tinetti, whose values remained constant in the initial and final evaluation.Item INSTRUMENTOS DE EVALUACIÓN DESPUÉS DE LA RECONSTRUCCIÓN DE LIGAMENTO CRUZADO ANTERIOR(Universidad Técnica de Ambato/ Facultad de Ciencias de Salud /Carrera de Fisioterapia, 2024-08-28) Rojas Ibarra, César Enrique; Espín Pastor, Victoria EstefaníaClinical trials focused on anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) use multip l e assessment methods to determine the effectiveness of interventions ; however, the tests used depend on the authors' criteria. The purpose of this study was to determine the assessment instruments used in ACLR with autograft or allograft. A search was conducted in the Cochrane, Scielo, Pubmed, Epistemonikos, and PEDro databases up to May 10, 2024. Inclusion criteria focused on systematic reviews or meta-analys es from the past five years that specified the type of graft, included follow-up details, and were in English or Spanish. Exclusion criteria included studies without population numbers, sex descriptions , or available access. Post-surgical follow-up times for strength evaluat i o n exceed 24 months. The assessment instruments used included the Limb Symmetry Index (LSI), isokinetic and isometric strength tests; clinical tests such as Lachman, Pivot Shift Test; functional evaluations such as the Single Leg Hop Test; question naires associat e d with surgery and function like the IKDC, Lysholm, Tegner, Shellbourne Trumper; and finally, subjective evaluations such as anterior knee pain, pain while kneeling, and Active Joint Position Sense Assessment. Numerous assessment instrument s exist following ACL reconstruction, but it is essential to identify the most effective ones in clinical contexts.Item EJERCICIOS DE FUERZA-RESISTENCIA PARA MEJORAR EL DOLOR EN PACIENTES CON ARTROSIS DE RODILLA(Universidad Técnica de Ambato/ Facultad de Ciencias de Salud /Carrera de Fisioterapia, 2024-08-28) Chango Tubón, Nury Aidé; Bonilla Ayala, Josselyn GabrielaThe aim is to compare whether performing muscle strengthening exercises (EF) is better than doing aerobic exercises (EA), or vice versa, to reduce pain and improve physical capacity in individuals with knee osteoarthritis. A comprehensive search of databases was conducted, and 13 relevant randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were selected, of which the quality was evaluated using the Pedro and Amstar scales. The results showed differences in the duration and type of exercise among the studies; approximately 33.33% supported the efficacy of resistance training, 26.67% aerobic training, and 40% concluded that both interventions are equally important. The importance of considering an integrated approach combining both interventions to optimize outcomes in patients with knee osteoarthritis is emphasized, as each offers complementary benefits. Strength training improves muscle strength, while aerobic exercise addresses central sensitization, both reducing pain and enhancing physical capacity.Item Cinemática de la carrera y su relación con resistencia muscular del glúteo medio y mayor(Universidad Técnica de Ambato/ Facultad de Ciencias de Salud /Carrera de Fisioterapia, 2024-03-18) Pilla Tite, Steeven Alexander; Espín Pastor, Victoria EstefaníaThe alteration of running kinematics in relation to the muscular resistance of the gluteus medius and maximus is linked to a high prevalence of injuries in amateur runners when they are in a state of fatigue. Furthermore, evidence mentions that intrinsic and extrinsic factors could contribute to injury risk. However, the variability of results obtained does not indicate that the influence of said muscles will cause kinematic changes. Therefore, the objective of this research project was to determine the relationship between running kinematics and resistance of the gluteus medius and maximus. An evaluation protocol was applied to 50 amateur runners between 18 and 60 years of age of both sexes. The variables analyzed were running kinematics (anterior pattern, extensor pattern and normal pattern), pelvic symmetry, and the strength of the gluteus medius and maximus in a state of fatigue. This research is analytical - prospective without intervention and had a transversal quantitative approach (strength/resistance of the gluteus medius and maximus) and qualitative (kinematics) that were correlated with the Spearman statistical test. The results obtained were that 76% of this population had a normal bilateral kinematic pattern, but when subjected to the fatigue protocol these changed significantly to 28% in the right limb and 12% in the left. Regarding the Spearman coefficient between kinematics and strength, it went from a low correlation in FGm ABD (0.103), FGm ROT-EXT (0.176), FGM ROT-EXT (0.128) to a medium correlation 0.319*, 0.320*, 0.298 * respectively, being something positive in this study. However, we can conclude that, due to the variability of the results obtained in the kinematic patterns, it may be due to multiple factors that reduce the effectiveness of the running gesture and not only the weakness caused by the gluteus medius and maximus when they are fatigued.Item Evaluación funcional del miembro inferior en futbolistas(Universidad Técnica de Ambato/Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud/Carrera de Fisioterapia, 2022-09-01) López López, Freddy Israel; Espín Pastor, Victoria Estefanía, Lcda. MSc.The present research work aims to analyze the functional strength of the lower limb of soccer players through functional tests such as the two-legged squat, single-legged squat and vertical jump, which are tests that allow knowing the functional strength as well as the explosive force of the lower limb. The research has a quantitative approach evaluating the muscle strength that is compromised in the activity of soccer players. The tests to be carried out are a standard that allows a quick evaluation in which data is obtained on functional strength as well as shortcomings presented by soccer players that are directly related to their performance both in training and in a match.Item “Ejecución del chute de balón y su relación con los desbalances musculares del tren inferior, en mujeres futbolistas amateur de la ciudad de Ambato.(Universidad Técnica de Ambato - Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud - Carrera de Terapia Física, 2019-09-01) Ponce Salazar, Lissette Carolina; Espín Pastor, Victoria Estefanía Lcda. Mg.Currently, women’s football has been widely disseminated, since in Ecuador it recently opened the first women's professional league. For this reason, most athletes practice it for love and their personal merits, since they do not have consecutive training they are the most prone to different injuries. For this reason, the present investigation aims to establish the relationship that exists between the execution of the ball kick and the muscular imbalances of the lower train, in female amateur soccer players in the city of Ambato. This investigation was carried out in a synthetic stage, making them execute 18 athletes, the ball kick recorded by means of consecutive photographs, then by means of the dynamometry physiotherapeutic test the strength of the extensor and flexor muscles of the knee was measured bilaterally and finally they were given a questionnaire related to training and previous injuries during the practice of said sport. This study belongs to the research line of Epidemiology and Public Health. It was concluded that the muscular imbalance with extensor predominance (quadriceps) is related to the contact phase (inner edge) to execute the chute, since they do not have greater strength in the hamstrings to perform a more powerful kick, there is also a high relationship, of muscle imbalance between knee flexors and extensors directly related to the appearance of injuries and finally it can be mentioned that the injuries are directly related to the training that the amateur soccer players have had or have.Item “Análisis biomecánico en los ciclistas de ruta categoría master”(Universidad Técnica de Ambato - Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud - Carrera de Terapia Física, 2017-10-01) Carrasco Jaramillo, Santiago Gabriel; Peñafiel Luna, Andrea Carolina Lic. TF. Mg.The directional management of biomechanics leads to the integration of each of its factors in the practice of cycling, so the problem is centered on the lack of knowledge of the biomechanical analysis affects the sport performance in cyclists of the category of the city Of Ambato, in this way from the analysis of each one of the elements it is tried to know the factors that generate a high performance, in the sportsman, then in the methodology the field investigation was applied, the same that through the application of the Surveys and the observation sheet were collected information, which allowed the need for a comprehensive analysis, as this will promote high performance in people who practice this sport, it is concluded that it is vital to generate a comprehensive study of the Biomechanics in the cyclist to be able to generate a systematic process of knowledge of how to improve the position, the po Stura the strength of the cyclist and then promote a high performance in the sports environment.Item “Efectividad de los ejercicios pliométricos en proceso de recuperación del desgarro en el músculo recto femoral en el centro de rehabilitación Policía Nacional”(Universidad Técnica de Ambato-Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud- Carrera de Terapia Física, 2017-08-01) Palma Caisachana, Diana Carolina Diana Carolina; Espín Pastor, Victoria EstefaníaLcda.Mg.The research work is oriented to the elaboration of a post-program of pliometrics exercises, to improve the performance, force and muscular power in patients who had suffered a tear, taking in consideration that this muscle-skeletal injury is frequent, principally in athletes but it is not something very common into the Physic Therapy field. Each one of this exercises are important to be included into the recuperation process to a total independence in patients. The Plyometric program was stablished of a suitable way interacting Therapist-Patient for this reason this investigation has as a general objective to determine the effectivity of the Pliometrics exercises in the recuperation process of the tear in the straight femoral muscle in the National Police Rehabilitation Center; the specific objectives, to identify the causes into the recuperation process for which the tear in the straight femoral muscle are produced, to evaluate the grade of tear that present the patients in the straight femoral muscle, to plan a post-program of pliometrics exercises for the recuperation process of tear in the straight femoral muscle. For it will be taken in account a sample of 30 patients who come up to the National Police Rehabilitation Center. The pliometrics exercises thanks to its elongation-contraction, proceed of an efficient way and precise to improve power and muscular potency and of this way give stability to the muscle after having suffered a muscular tear. Through this research work it could be concluded: that having applied the post-program of pliometrics practice in the policemen who had suffered a muscular tear, after having performed the assessment and the corresponding observation it was stated that the benefits provided are improve the power and muscular potency improving the life style and its physic conditioning.Item “Ejercicios pliométricos en post esguince de tobillo”(Universidad Técnica de Ambato - Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud - Carrera de Terapia Fisica, 2017-01-01) Velasco Tobar, Joffre Alfredo; Santamaría Santana, Gabriela Alexandra Lcda.This research is focused on the realization of a plan plyometric exercises to improve muscle performance and strength in patients who have suffered sprained ankle and taking into account that is not new, but it is not very common in the field of physical therapy. And it is very important to include it in the traditional treatment in the final stages. Plyometric program I run it in a proper way interacting patient therapist. The general objective arises: Identify the effectiveness of plyometrics in people who have suffered sprained ankle, the specific objectives. Analyze the benefits delos plyometric exercises. Describe the exercises used in plyometrics. Check plyometrics acts directly as both the strength and the power tas be sprained. 20 patients attending the Specialized Center of Rehabilitation and Physical Therapy Integral "will be taken as population. Plyometrics thanks to its action elongation, contraction proudly act in a way to increase strength, power and improving stability in this case ankle after suffering a sprained ankle. Through this research we can conclude: that having implemented the plan plyometric in people who have suffered sprained ankle and after making assessments of muscle testing and observation was reached that the benefits are to increase strength and power muscular improving their quality of life and overran all sports.