Ciencias de la Salud
Permanent URI for this communityhttp://repositorio.uta.edu.ec/handle/123456789/813
Browse
7 results
Search Results
Item TÉCNICAS MOLECULARES APLICADAS AL DIAGNÓSTICO DE HELICOBACTER PYLORI(2025-02-25) Martínez Tocagon, Katherin Mabel; Vilcacundo Córdova, Mario Fernando; Universidad Técnica de Ambato/ Facultad de Ciencias de Salud /Carrera de Laboratorio ClínicoHelicobacter pylori is a bacterium implicated in various gastrointestinal pathologies, including chronic gastritis, peptic ulcer and gastric cancer. Accurate and timely diagnosis of this infection is essential for its clinical management, especially in regions with high prevalence. For this reason, molecular techniques have emerged as essential tools to detect the presence of H. pylori in a more sensitive and specific manner, overcoming the limitations of traditional methods, such as bacterial culture and serological tests. The objectives of the present study were to describe and identify the molecular techniques applied for the diagnosis of Helicobacter pylori, to analyze their efficacy, and to determine their impact on the management of patients with this pathology. This review article describes the main molecular techniques used, such as polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and its variants, such as real-time PCR (qPCR), multiplex PCR, as well as other innovative techniques such as CRISPR-Cas13a-based PCR and next-generation sequencing (NGS), including their importance as well as their sensitivity and specificity from different studies.Item REVISIÓN BIBLIOGRÁFICA: PREVALENCIA DE LA INFECCIÓN POR HELICOBACTER PYLORI DROGORESISTENTE(Universidad Técnica de Ambato/ Facultad de Ciencias de Salud /Carrera de Medicina, 2024-09-25) Núñez Aldaz, Stephany Raquel; Bonifaz Diaz, Diego RaúlIntroduction: Helicobacter pylori infection is a disease of worldwide distribution, it is known that half of the population is a carrier of the bacterium. The importance of studying the prevalence of drug resistance of Helicobacter pylori is to know the resistance patterns of antibiotics used in the treatment of the infection in order to investigate the modifications necessary for the correct eradication of the disease. Objective: To describe the prevalence of drug resistance in Helicobacter pylori infection in the last 10 years. Methodology: This literature review is based on a retrospective study, search and analysis of studies, essays and meta-analyses published in the databases: PubMed, Scielo, Science Direct, Web of Science, Mediagraphic, Elsevier, Springer. Results: The prevalence of drug resistance depends on geographical location. The treatment lines used for the eradication of Helicobacter pylori infection have increased their resistance rates in the last 10 years. In addition, a higher prevalence of resistance is observed in previously treated individuals than in patients who never received eradication treatment. Conclusions: The studies found in this literature review have limitations, which means that the prevalence differs according to the regions and the lines of treatment used. In the studies analyzed, the prevalence of drug resistance against metronidazole and clarithromycin is the highest compared to other antibiotics and has maintained a constant growthItem PREVALENCIA DE HELICOBACTER PYLORI DE LA POBLACIÓN ADULTA DE UNA ZONA RURAL DE TUNGURAHUA(Universidad Técnica de Ambato/ Facultad de Ciencias de Salud /Carrera de Laboratorio Clínico, 2024-08-13) Aucatoma Ayme, Blanca Yajaira; Yauli Flores, Carlos FernandoItem FACTORES DE RIESGOS ASOCIADOS A LA INFECCIÓN POR HELICOBACTER PYLORI EN ESTUDIANTES DE LA UNIDAD EDUCATIVA PEDRO CARBO DEL CANTÓN GUARANDA(Universidad Técnica de Ambato/ Facultad de Ciencias de Salud /Carrera de Laboratorio Clínico, 2024-08-05) Chacha Guaquipana, Erika Nayeli; Vilcacundo Córdova, Mario FernandoThe bacterium Helicobacter pylori is a pathogen that colonizes more than half of the world's population, causing several gastrointestinal conditions. In Ecuador it has a high incidence of (70 and 80%), which is acquired at an early age due to exposure to various risk factors. The objective of this study was to establish the risk factors associated with Helicobacter pylori infection in students of the Pedro Carbo Educational Unit of the Guaranda canton, in order to determine its incidence and the risk factors that are directly related to the infection. A cross-sectional, observational and retrospective study was carried out, analyzing 133 stool samples for the detection of the Helicobacter pylori antigen by the immunochromatographic method, in addition, surveys were used for the collection of data/information and the SPSS Statistics Base program for the creation and analysis of graphs and tables. It was identified that the main risk factors associated with Helicobacter Pylori infection in the institution are: coexistence among several people (overcrowding), the non-availability of basic services, eating in the street, and the consumption of tap water at home.Item FACTORES DE RIESGO PREVENIBLES EN EL CÁNCER GÁSTRICO, UNA ENFERMEDAD SILENCIOSA(Universidad Técnica de Ambato/ Facultad de Ciencias de Salud /Carrera de Medicina, 2024-06-10) Ortiz Torres, Emily Valeria; Verónica Gabriela, Salinas VelasteguiGastric cancer has been considered a serious oncological problem and has been positioned among the five most frequent oncological diseases. It has high morbidity and mortality and its presentation is based on the detection of risk factors that can be potentially preventable, among them we find to eating habits, mainly the consumption of substances that activate the inflammatory cascade and cause changes in the gastric epithelium, toxic habits such as alcohol and tobacco consumption and without neglecting Helicobacter Pylori infection, which in our Ecuadorian environment reaches a colonization of the 60 – 70% of the entire population, without a doubt we cannot also leave aside non-modifiable risk factors such as age, sex and genetic predisposition. The signs and symptoms are usually varied and will depend on the severity with which the condition presents and must be related to the patient's clinical history; the two together will give the diagnosis. Prevention and education with patients will make this pathology reduce the present cases; the approach has to be managed from the first level of care.Item Implementación de un protocolo de diagnóstico epidemiológico para la determinación la incidencia de la infección por Helicobacter pylori en pacientes adultos que se atienden en el centro de salud de Pasa – Tungurahua(Universidad Técnica de Ambato/ Facultad de Ciencias de Salud /Centro de Posgrados, 2022-11) Chagcha Frutos, Alexandra Alice; Urbina Salazar, Anabell del Rocío PhDGastrointestinal diseases being one of the main public health problems in Ecuador, they are transmitted by the fecal-oral route, or by the consumption of contaminated water or food; its prevalence depends on the socioeconomic level of the patients, the pathogens involved are viruses, parasites and bacteria. The study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic methods used in the health center of Pasa to establish Helicobacter pylori infection as well as the phase of eradication of the posttreatment microorganism, to implement an epidemiological diagnostic protocol to determine the prevalence of Helicobacter pylori infection Helicobacter pylori in adult patients treated at the Pasa - Tungurahua health center through the systematic use of the Immunochromatography test of the rapid test of the Antigen in feces with the specificity of 98.4% that allowed confirming the diagnosis and the eradication of Helicobacter pylori infection, analyzing the presence of risk factors in the study population. The methodology used was observational field type, prospective during the period September 2021-March 2022, it was carried out in two phases; the first was the determination of the current conditions of the prevalence and diagnosis of Helicobacter pylori infection and the second the determination of the eradication of the infection with the treatment of the patients who required it in the first phase, the collection of data, surveys were applied that were validated by professionals of the institution according to parameters of reliability, validity and objectivity. The results obtained show the prevalence of 52% of the patients of the studied sample that present concomitant factors for infection, the sample was 50 patients, 92.31% of patients, the pharmacological therapy used served for sensitization and eradication, 7.69% were obtained where apparently the treatment did not have an effect, but not due to the action of the treatment but due to the lack of adherence, a condition that can favor bacterial resistance. UNIVERSIDAD TÉCNICA DE AMBATO CENTRO DE POSGRADOS 17 It is concluded that according to the results the prevalence of Helicobacter pylori infection is significant with 52% in the study population. The epidemiological diagnosis protocol was implemented that will serve as a guide in the care of patients who present symptoms related to Helicobacter pylori infection. The use of rapid tests by detecting fecal antigens for the determination of Helicobacter pylori and the performance of the second tests for the eradication of the infection were made known to the medical and technical personnel in the Health Unit. patients on the prevention of infection, diagnosis and treatment to eradicate the bacteria to avoid complications and support the process of timely and efficient care for patients with this morbidity to avoid relevant mortality.Item Helicobacter pylori en heces y su incidencia en patologías gástricas en pacientes de 30 a 70 años en el laboratorio clínico(Universidad Técnica de Ambato/Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud/Carrera de Laboratorio Clínico, 2022-09-01) Gavilanes Carrera, Sara Marlene; Galárraga Pérez, Edison Arturo, Dr. Mg.Gastrointestinal pathologies are one of the main causes of death worldwide, a variety of risk factors associated with this type of disease have been described, considering among the most important the socio-economic level, eating and hygienic habits, deficiency or absence of basic services, the bacterium that causes this infection is Helicobacter pylori, which affects the gastric mucosa, causing characteristic signs and symptoms, which affects people's health status. The objective of this research work was to determine the relationship between Helicobacter pylori and its incidence in gastric pathologies in patients aged 30 to 70 years in the Clinical Laboratory, the population that participated in the study was 60 people, between men and women, obtaining as a result 31 patients with positive Helicobacter pylori, of which 15 patients are female, which corresponds to 48.4%, while 16 patients are male, equivalent to 51.6%. The positive cases show that they have symptoms related to said infection, nausea, vomiting, recurrent diarrhea, abdominal pain and swelling before and after food intake. For this study, the determination of Helicobacter pylori in feces was carried out, through qualitative tests, it is important for an early diagnosis in people with symptoms associated with gastric pathologies and asymptomatic people, it is a bacterium studied in the last three decades, producing gastrointestinal problems. It is the most extensive chronic bacterial disease in the world, reflecting a higher prevalence in underdeveloped countries (80-90%), constituting a real public health problem, obtaining results that show high percentages of positive cases in people with associated symptoms. to infection, assuming as a final conclusion that people with an age range between 30 -40 years have prevalence in gastric pathologies.