Ciencias de la Salud
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Item PARASITOSIS INTESTINAL EN NIÑOS Y ADOLESCENTES CON MALNUTRICIÓN(2025-06-17) Amaya Criollo, Lisbeth Estefania; Chasillacta Amores, Fabiola Beatriz; Universidad Técnica de Ambato / Facultad de Ciencias de Salud / Carrera de EnfermeríaIntroduction: Intestinal parasitosis represents a public health problem, since they are infections that occur by the ingestion of protozoan cysts, eggs or worm larvae, these are transmitted by the consumption of water or food contaminated with fecal matter, from person to person or from animals to humans, the social factors that influence are poverty, geographic condition, infrastructure of health services, education and lifestyle. Objective: To determine intestinal parasitosis in children and adolescents with malnutrition. Methods: Quantitative research approach, non-experimental design, cross-sectional and descriptive scope, with a population of 46 children and adolescents from the Salcedo Canton of the Jardín del Edén Foundation. Information was collected by taking anthropometric measurements and coproparasitic examination. Results: Of the total of 46 children and adolescents it was evident that according to the BMI/Age 67.4% were normal and 32.5% with malnutrition (due to deficit and excess), also 82.6% were found with parasitosis, with protozoa predominating 96.5% over helminths 3.5%, of which the greatest predominance was in the female sex 43.5%, the main species found were: Amoeba coli cyst 30.6%, amoeba histolytica 28.3% and giardia lamblia 15.3%. Conclusion: Intestinal parasitosis in children and adolescents in this research has nothing to do with malnutrition, because some of them had a normal nutritional status and despite that they had parasitosis.Item CARACTERIZACIÓN DE ESCHERICHIA COLI BLEE Y SALMONELLA SP. EN TRABAJADORES DE GRANJAS AVÍCOLAS DE LA ZONA 3(2025-02-24) Escudero Heredia Steeven Patricio; Jaramillo Ruales, Evelyn Katherine; Universidad Técnica de Ambato/ Facultad de Ciencias de Salud /Carrera de Laboratorio ClínicoThe indiscriminate use of antibiotics in poultry farms promotes the emergence of resistant bacteria, such as ESBL-producing Escherichia coli and Salmonella sp., throughout the poultry production chain, posing a significant public health risk due to their potential for zoonotic transmission. This research project aimed to characterize ESBL-producing Escherichia coli and Salmonella sp. strains in poultry farm workers in Zone 3 from September 2024 to February 2025, through a descriptive crosssectional observational study. A total of 128 samples, including fecal and hand swabs from 64 workers, were analyzed. The results indicated an absence of Salmonella sp. colonization and a high prevalence of ESBL-producing E. coli (56%). The susceptibility profile showed low hydrolysis capacity for ceftazidime, moderate resistance to fluoroquinolones and aminoglycosides, and sensitivity to carbapenems. Furthermore, a predominance of the blaCTX-M gene (69%) was observed, along with a specific combination of blaCTX-M and blaTEM genes (25%), with no microorganisms carrying the blaSHV gene. Despite the high prevalence of colonization, it is not directly attributed to occupational practices in poultry farms, as it involves asymptomatic carriage of ESBL-producing E. coli. This phenomenon suggests shared reservoirs in which humans act as a link between bacteria and animals. Additionally, due to direct contact with poultry and the use of drugs throughout the food production chain intended for human consumption, there is a continuous dynamic of spreading multidrug-resistant bacteria.Item REVISIÓN BIBLIOGRÁFICA: PREVALENCIA DE LA INFECCIÓN POR HELICOBACTER PYLORI DROGORESISTENTE(Universidad Técnica de Ambato/ Facultad de Ciencias de Salud /Carrera de Medicina, 2024-09-25) Núñez Aldaz, Stephany Raquel; Bonifaz Diaz, Diego RaúlIntroduction: Helicobacter pylori infection is a disease of worldwide distribution, it is known that half of the population is a carrier of the bacterium. The importance of studying the prevalence of drug resistance of Helicobacter pylori is to know the resistance patterns of antibiotics used in the treatment of the infection in order to investigate the modifications necessary for the correct eradication of the disease. Objective: To describe the prevalence of drug resistance in Helicobacter pylori infection in the last 10 years. Methodology: This literature review is based on a retrospective study, search and analysis of studies, essays and meta-analyses published in the databases: PubMed, Scielo, Science Direct, Web of Science, Mediagraphic, Elsevier, Springer. Results: The prevalence of drug resistance depends on geographical location. The treatment lines used for the eradication of Helicobacter pylori infection have increased their resistance rates in the last 10 years. In addition, a higher prevalence of resistance is observed in previously treated individuals than in patients who never received eradication treatment. Conclusions: The studies found in this literature review have limitations, which means that the prevalence differs according to the regions and the lines of treatment used. In the studies analyzed, the prevalence of drug resistance against metronidazole and clarithromycin is the highest compared to other antibiotics and has maintained a constant growthItem ARTRITIS REUMATOIDE JUVENIL: UNA SOSPECHA DIAGNÓSTICA POCO CONSIDERADA(Universidad Técnica de Ambato/ Facultad de Ciencias de Salud /Carrera de Medicina, 2024-09-24) García Mera, David Fernando; Cruz Castillo, Yessenia MagalyJuvenile Idiopathic Arthritis defined as a chronic, degenerative pathology of unknown etiology, in which the autoimmune nature is present and unlike adults whose arthritis will affect them throughout their lives, children can overcome this suffering, without leaving aside the multiple consequences or complications. Worldwide, it has a prevalence of 3.8- 400/100,000 children, making it the most common chronic rheumatological disease in this population. Its incidence worldwide is approximately 1.6-23/100,000 children under 16 years of age/year. The methodology used was descriptive, data and information were collected from scientific articles in English and Spanish published from 2019 to 2023 in different databases. A review of the literature was obtained detailing data on the prevalence, incidence, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and treatment of juvenile idiopathic arthritis. Clinically there is a predominance of inflammation at the joint level, pain and morning stiffness, accompanied by erythema and heat to the touch in said joint, on certain occasions there are marked skin eruptions, generalized lymphadenopathy, hepatosplenomegaly and serositis for which several classifications have been established. Diagnosis is based on history and physical examination; laboratory findings are useful to identify the subtype and possible treatment options. Historically, treatment emphasized the use of non-steroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), while today methotrexate is the drug of choice in several subtypes of JIA, this being not the only one.Item PREVALENCIA DE HELICOBACTER PYLORI DE LA POBLACIÓN ADULTA DE UNA ZONA RURAL DE TUNGURAHUA(Universidad Técnica de Ambato/ Facultad de Ciencias de Salud /Carrera de Laboratorio Clínico, 2024-08-13) Aucatoma Ayme, Blanca Yajaira; Yauli Flores, Carlos FernandoItem HEMOGLOBINA GLICOSILADA Y EL GRADO DE SARCOPENIA: UNA REVISIÓN SISTEMÁTICA(Universidad Técnica de Ambato/ Facultad de Ciencias de Salud /Carrera de Medicina, 2024-06-10) Sacón Ayerbe, Camila Salomé; Cevallos Teneda, Andrea CarolinaType II diabetes mellitus (DM2) and sarcopenia are conditions with high prevalence and significant complications, making them important public health problems. This study is based on a systematic review of 12 original scientific articles published between January 2019 and June 2023, focusing on the relationship between DM2 and sarcopenia. The findings indicate an increasing prevalence of sarcopenia in patients with DM2, especially when glycemic control is inadequate. It was observed that glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels above 8.5% are associated with an increased risk of developing sarcopenia. The studies reviewed also suggest that the most effective treatment to mitigate sarcopenia is a combination of endurance exercise and nutritional counseling. Although HbA1c is a useful indicator for monitoring glycemic control, it does not reflect daily fluctuations in glucose levels, which are also an important factor in the development of sarcopenia. The review concludes that early diagnosis and multidisciplinary intervention are crucial to prevent and treat sarcopenia in patients with DM2.Item Nefritis lúpica: actualización sobre el manejo deltratamiento a propósito de un caso(Universidad Técnica de Ambato/ Facultad de Ciencias de Salud /Carrera de Medicina, 2022-10-01) Sierra Navarrete, Valeria Isabel; Suaste Pazmiño Dra. Esp., Kathya VerónicaLupus Nephritis is derived from Systemic Lupus Erythematosus, an autoimmune disease, whose chronicity dates back a long time under study, the same diseasecauses significant damage within the human body and much more when the person does not receive timely and adequate treatment. It is interesting to be able to determine the mechanisms by which the disease is produced as such and therefore, asin many diseases, a detailed anamnesis must be carried out, considering, among so many options, the appropriate treatment for a person considered as a world individually. It is reported that different medical specialties must be involved in the study of this disease, such as Nephrology, Internal Medicine, Pharmacology, among others. It is more prevalent in women than in men, having a ratio of 9:1 in current data worldwide. In the case of the black and Latin American and Asian race, it is said that it begins at very early ages. It is described that kidney involvement is a serious complication, being responsible for 70 to 80% of patients and that it can induce severe kidney failure within the population in 30 to 70%. It is advisable to take a kidney biopsy, which gives more reliable information on the damage that is taking place in the patient at that moment. Within the treatment it is said that mycophenolate and cyclophosphamide fail in up to 20%, as well as complement inhibitors, anticytokines and in cases stem cell transplantation.Item Estrategia de prevención de infecciones del sitio quirúrgico en neurocirugía fundamentada en factores de riesgo(Universdidad Técnica de Ambato/Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud/Centro de posgrados, 2021-08-01) Quinatoa Caba, Gabriela Giovanna Lic.; Chicaiza Tayupanta, Jesús Dr. Esp.Introduction: Surgical site infection control is of paramount importance to reduce complications, hospital stay, avoid resistance to antibiotics, reduce hospital care costs, improve health indicators. Therefore, the identification of probable risk factors and the development of a prevention strategy is an urgent need, much more so in neurosurgical patients due to mortality and associated disability. Objective: To design a strategy for the prevention of surgical site infections in neurosurgery based on identified risk factors. Methodology: A descriptive, retrospective, case study study of patients who underwent neurosurgical surgical procedures was carried out, during the period from November 1, 2017 to April 30, 2020, a total of 269 surgeries and one census sample of 30 cases that did present, the risk factors under study were: age, American Society of Anestesiologists Physical Status Classification (ASA) level, presence of comorbidities, sex, presence of drains, osteosynthesis material or implants, prophylactic antibiotic, duration of surgery, type of wound , etiology, priority of surgery descriptive statistical methods will be used. Results: The prevalence of surgical site infections (SSI) was 11.2%, with craniotomies being the surgeries that were infected in the highest proportion, in addition, a statistical importance was evidenced in the following factors: age: adults 18-64 years, male sex, ASA III, presence of osteosynthesis material and implants, trauma as etiology, emergent surgeries, surgery time: average of 4 hours, arterial hypertension(HTA), most prevalent isolated microorganism: staphylococcus aureus. Conclusions: The surgical site infection prevention strategy in Neurosurgery, based on the identification of probable risk factors, constitutes a viable alternative for the control of surgical site-associated infections in the specialty, with a favorable impact on associated morbidity and mortalityItem Factores asociados para el aparecimiento de la osteoartrosis de mano en adultos mayores(Universdidad Técnica de Ambato/Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud/Centro de posgrados, 2021-04-01) Tisalema Tipán, Henri Darwin Md.; Borja Tapia, Patricia Elisabeth Dra.The objective of the present investigation is to know the factors associated with the manifestation of osteoarthritis of the hand in the elderly population of the Panzaleo Health Center, the study has a mixed investigation, that is, it has a qualitative and quantitative approach with a concurrent triangulation design and a documentary bibliographic and field research modality. The study sample is comprised of 117 older adults between 65 and 90 years of age, a COPCORD questionnaire was applied, the data were processed and tabulated in Microsoft Excel, on the other hand, for the hypothesis testing, the statistical software was considered. SPSS, Pearson's correlation coefficient was applied. Among the main results is that among the factors associated with the manifestation of the disease are comorbidities such as diabetes, obesity, aspects such as age, female gender (65.81%), work history such as working or having worked in activities where exercise is carried out (85.47 %) or repetition of activities (64.10%) and among the prevalence is that 100% of those evaluated suffer from osteoarthritis of the hand. It is concluded that there is a presence of associated factors such as obesity, diabetes, age because the range of manifestation ranges from 65 years onwards, there is a predominance of the female gender, also, work history was considered an important factor because the activities that they carry out at present and that they carried out previously influence the manifestation of the disease, also, there is a history of rheumatic diseases in the familyItem "Prevalencia y factores de riesgo para hipertensión arterial en adultos mayores en áreas urbanas y rurales del cantón Ambato”(Universidad Técnica de Ambato/Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud/Carrera de Medicina, 2020-07-01) Peñaherrera López, Lizbeth Andrea; Zavala Calahorrano, Alicia Dra. Ph.D.This research was focus to determine risk factors and prevalence of Arterial Hypertension in older adults in urban and rural areas of Ambato city during March 1, 2019 to March 1, 2020. This research was part of daily care, mainly in primary care centers where apparently healthy old adults went some hours per day. It was a qualitative, descriptive study. 173 patients participate and had a checkup medical consultation. The prevalence of high blood pressure was 14.45% in the studied areas in the Ambato city. It was more frequently found in those people over 80 years old. Also, it was found that 40% of the patients with hypertension had high blood pressure grade II according to the AHA /ACC 2017 classification. The highest risk factor for hypertension patients were the absence of treatment adherence. This is part of a complex economic and social situation which can deteriorate the prognosis for older adults.
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