Ciencias de la Salud
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Item ESTRATEGIA EDUCATIVA PARA LE PREVENCIÓN DE LAS INFECCIONES RESPIRATORIAS EN NIÑOS MENORES DE CINCO AÑOS(Universidad Técnica de Ambato/ Facultad de Ciencias de Salud /Carrera de Enfermería, 2024-10-07) Taipe Alvarez, Johanna Daniela; Macias Ferreiro, KarinaIntroduction: health promotion is the most effective method of disease prevention. This type of activity ensures that professionals seek various ways of transmitting crucial information to parents and caregivers by disseminating key information for the prevention of pathologies. Objective: to contribute to the prevention of acute respiratory infections in children under five years of age through an educational intervention. Methods: an observational, descriptive, cross-sectional, action-participation (educational intervention) before-after study was carried out. The universe and the sample coincided; it was constituted by the parents and/or guardians of the 30 children attending the “Estrellitas del Futuro” Child Development Center of the San Buenaventura parish, Cotopaxi province, Ecuador. A questionnaire on knowledge and practices was applied before and after the intervention. Results: before the educational intervention, the prevalent level of knowledge was poor (96, 6 %) regardless of the level of schooling; after the intervention it was good (53, 3 %) and regular (36,6 %). Eighty-seven percent of the sample after the intervention assumed good practices against respiratory infections. The impact of the educational intervention was positive, with a significance level of less than p'0,005. Conclusions: the educational intervention on the prevention of respiratory infections in children under five years of age was effective, which demonstrates the importance of educating the population in order to raise their perception of risk and provoke the adoption of good health practices.Item CARACTERIZACIÓN DE LOS PROGRAMAS DE DETECCIÓN DEL CÁNCER DE MAMA EN LA REGIÓN DE LAS AMÉRICAS CON ENFOQUE EN ECUADOR(Universidad Técnica de Ambato/ Facultad de Ciencias de Salud /Carrera de Medicina, 2024-09-24) Campoverde Loor, Carolina Alejandra; Recalde Navarrete, Ricardo JavierIntroduction: Breast cancer is the leading cause of mortality in women in the Americas Region, with 491,000 annual cases and approximately 106,391 deaths. In Ecuador, in 2020, there were 38.2 cases per 100,000 inhabitants, with a mortality rate of 10.9 per 100,000 individuals, emphasizing the importance of early detection and access to effective treatments to reduce the morbimortality associated with this pathology. Methodology: A systematic review of 58,922 scientific articles was conducted, from which, applying inclusion and exclusion criteria, 36 publications were selected from databases such as PubMed, BVS, SCOPE, Web of Science, Google Scholar, and health websites of the six representative countries under study: the United States, Canada, Mexico, Uruguay, Brazil, and Ecuador. The collected data measured the impact and characteristics of breast cancer detection programs in relation to the reduction of mortality. Results: Fifty percent of selected countries have active breast cancer detection programs, 33% (equivalent to 2 nations) had protocols and clinical guidelines for prevention, and only one South American country was in the initial stage of implementing a sustainable pilot plan. Conclusion: In the Americas Region, it is crucial for governments to implement organized and accessible programs, ensuring universal access to the diagnosis and treatment of breast cancer. Ecuador must join this initiative, promoting prevention and public health through pragmatic policies to reduce mortality from breast cancer.Item Estrategia didáctica para la enseñanza del a prevención del cáncer de mama a partir de la caracterización de marcadores genéticos e inmunológicos(Universidad Técnica de Ambato/ Facultad de Ciencias de Salud /Centro de Posgrados, 2022-12) Pavajeau Hernández, Jeffry John MD, MSc; Leiva Suero, Lizette Elena Dra, PhD.Breast cancer is defined as the abnormal cellular proliferation of the gland's own cells, of heterogeneous cause caused by a cluster of genetic and immunological alterations, being clear that this pathological entity is multifactorial. Historically, the application of strategies for the prevention of breast cancer has been based on a lifestyle approach without a broad focus on genetic and immunological aspects of the local context. Given this problem, the need arises to design a strategy based on the application of the practical simulation technique linked to these relevant aspects within the pathophysiology and prevention of breast cancer. The proposed objective was to develop a didactic strategy for teaching breast cancer prevention based on the characterization of genetic and immunological markers and to identify the level of competencies, abilities and skills developed in nursing students for prevention. effective and efficient treatment of breast cancer. A non-experimental, longitudinal and prospective descriptive methodology was applied. A predesigned scale was used to assess the knowledge, skills and attitudes developed in nursing students in breast cancer prevention, which served as a baseline for the proposal of a didactic strategy for teaching promotion and prevention of breast cancer based on immunology-genetics; It was identified that within the assistance competencies, the ones with the least development were the items related to assessment and planning, while in the behavioral competencies, the ones with the least acquisition were those related to relationships; a didactic strategy aimed at the teaching staff based on the new teaching methodologies and composed of four components was proposed, proposing as a basis problematizing, creative learning, simulation and the use of new technologies; Lastly, indicators were proposed to evaluate competencies in breast cancer prevention, with an emphasis on immunogenetic markers for monitoring the strategy. It was concluded that there is a great influence of traditional teaching methodologies in the poor training in skills of future nursing professionals, especially in issues related to the prevention of gynecological cancerItem Estrategia de Prevención de Enfermedades Infectocontagiosas en Pacientes Pediátricos Inmunocomprometidos del Cantón Ambato(Universidad Técnica de Ambato/ Facultad de Ciencias de Salud /Centro de Posgrados, 2022-12-01) Cocha Gahona, Ramiro Sebastian Lcdo.; Fernández Soto, Gerardo Fernando PhD Mg.Introduction. The design of an educational strategy for the prevention of infectious diseases in immunocompromised patients has an important relevance as an aid in reducing morbidity and mortality rates in this type of population, since a student duly trained in their skills can respond to the problem. of health in pediatric patients with some degree of immunodeficiency, applying nursing interventions safely and based on scientific foundation. Objective: To design a pedagogical and didactic strategy for the learning of nursing students who attend the rotating internship in knowledge, skills and attitudes in the prevention of infectious diseases in immunocompromised pediatric patients. Methods and Materials: This study is articulated to the Research Project: "Prevention strategies for childhood diseases the success of modern pediatrics", descriptive and explanatory statistical methods were used, it is defined as a study where a pedagogical and didactic strategy is designed for the learning of nursing students who attend the rotating internship in knowledge, skills and attitudes in the prevention of infectious diseases in immunocompromised pediatric patients. Results: 56% of the Rotating Nursing Interns indicate that they have not received any type of training regarding the topic raised, in addition, 80% show a lack of knowledge in the ability to recognize the main symptomatology in children from 2 months to 4 years. Finally, attending conferences and seminars is the option most suggested by students with 92% as a method to improve skills. Conclusion: The insertion of the educational strategy within the syllables corresponding to the rotating nursing internship is an adequate alternative as a learning method for students, its application and evaluation may suggest new studies in the field of university teachi