Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica

Permanent URI for this communityhttp://repositorio.uta.edu.ec/handle/123456789/898

Browse

Start date: 2020Subject: search.filters.subject.CONTENIDO DE HUMEDAD

Search Results

Now showing 1 - 5 of 5
  • No Thumbnail Available
    Item
    Análisis del uso de ceniza de la hoja de Agave Americana (Cabuya) para la estabilización de suelo
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Civil., 2025-02) Torres Portero, Juan Carlos; Muyulema Muyulema, Danny German
    Soil is a fundamental component in civil engineering, since it provides a basis for the construction of highways, rural roads and other infrastructure. Therefore, it is essential to carry out detailed studies to evaluate its physical and mechanical characteristics. In case it does not meet the technical requirements, it is necessary to consider alternatives, such as its replacement or the addition of elements or materials that improve its mechanical properties. The influence of American agave leaf ash (CHA) on the physical and mechanical properties of three soil samples was analyzed. Quantitative methodology was used, which included data collection and laboratory tests, such as moisture content, granulometric analysis, determination of specific gravity, Atterberg limits, modified Proctor test and CBR test. The results indicated that, for sample M1 (poorly graded sandy soil, SP), from Cevallos canton, the CBR value increased to 43.16 percent with the addition of 5.22 percent CHA, although this improvement was not representative. For sample M2 (silty soil, SM), collected in the Ambato canton, the CBR increased to 39.32 percent, with the addition of 16.92 percent CHA, showing a substantial improvement. Finally, sample M3 (high plasticity clayey soil, CH), taken from Puyo canton, reached a CBR value of 22.35 percent with the addition of 24.84 percent CHA, reflecting a significant improvement in its mechanical properties. In conclusion, the inclusion of agave leaf ash improves the mechanical properties of certain types of soils. However, in sandy soils (sample M1) the increase is not significant enough, while for silty and clayey soils (M2 and M3), it is considered an alternative for their stabilization.
  • No Thumbnail Available
    Item
    Análisis de parámetros de fabricación en pellets de aserrín de eucalipto para mejorar sus características de combustión
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Mecánica, 2025-02) Sanchez Castro, Felix Xavier; Cabrera Anda, Santiago Paúl
    The manufacture of sawdust pellets has gained popularity in recent years by taking advantage of waste from the wood industry. The quality of the pellets can vary significantly depending on the manufacturing processes used. Therefore, the present work focused on improving the final quality of the pellets by adding binder to find improvements in compaction and measure their quality during combustion. The humidity percentage of the sawdust was modified through a drying process, in which both temperature and time were varied. For the production of the pellets, a cylindrical manual compaction matrix was used, applying a pressure of 30 bars and cassava starch as a binder. Three different drying conditions were carried out: natural drying (room temperature) for 24 hours; drying at 105 degrees Celsius for 30 minutes; drying at 105 degrees Celsius for 4 hours. The results showed that, when using eucalyptus sawdust pellets dried at 105 degrees Celsius for 4 hours, the best combustion characteristics were achieved, since flame areas of 3,93 square centimeters were obtained, with flame heights of 1,97 centimeters, temperatures reached 580 degrees Celsius for 100 seconds, which favors a more efficient combustion. Likewise, volatile contents of 76,34 percent, ash 0,25 percent, fixed carbon 23,40 percent and a CO concentration of 207 ppm were obtained, which indicates a cleaner combustion.
  • No Thumbnail Available
    Item
    Análisis comparativo entre la humedad gravimétrica y la humedad determinada con sensores electrónicos en suelos finos del cantón Pastaza. provincia de Pastaza
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Civil, 2022-09) Villacrés Chérrez, Robert Daniel; Portilla Yandún, Favio Paúl
    Due to the fact that it is vitally important to determine the gravimetric moisture content within Civil Engineering applied to concrete, resistance of the subgrade layer on roads, determination of foundations, implementation of piles, etc.; proceed with this comparative analysis. For the beginning of this investigation, different samples of fine soils extracted from the Pastaza canton were obtained, different laboratory tests governed by regulations were applied (moisture content, granulometry, Atteberg limits, modified Proctor type B), and analyzed. data provided by electronic sensors (capacitive and resistive) that determine the natural moisture content of the soil, for subsequent correlation and interpretation of how effective and reliable these sensors are. Through the comparison made from 15 samples between the gravimetric humidity and the humidity determined with electronic sensors, it was possible to determine that the resistive sensor provides an excellent correlation coefficient, with a value of 94 percent, for a working range of 566.50 to 924.33, while the capacitive sensor provides a good correlation coefficient, with a value of 70 percent for a working range of 339.67 to 532.33 in its field readings.
  • No Thumbnail Available
    Item
    Análisis de las propiedades físico-mecánicas de madera estructural ecuatoriana y su aplicación en el diseño de vivienda social
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Civil, 2022-09) Cruz Salinas, Cynthia Estefanía; Portilla Yandún, Favio Paúl
    For the elaboration of this experimental work, samples of 9 species of wood used in the construction industry were obtained to determine their physical-mechanical properties. In each species, the tests of Compression Parallel to grain, Compression Perpendicular to grain, Static Flexion and Traction Parallel to grain were performed, both on wood samples in their natural moisture state (sawmill moisture) and on wood samples ovendried, to later analyze the different properties obtained at a humidity of 12% (by interpolation). With the obtained results for each species, comparative graphs were made of the variation of the resistance to Parallel Compression, Perpendicular Compression, Flexion, Traction and Elastic Modulus, observing the differences between the different species. In addition, an analysis of the variation of all properties as function of density of each wood species was carried out. It was observed that Yumbingue species samples presented the highest resistance to parallel compression, perpendicular compression and traction; while the highest flexural strength was presented by the Intachi species. Eucalyptus, in addition of being one of the most economical species, presented quite acceptable resistance values for all mechanical properties. Based on the analysis of the physical-mechanical properties of the wood species tested, the design and budget of a social interest house was elaborated using eucalyptus wood as primary material for the construction of the structure
  • No Thumbnail Available
    Item
    Uso de cemento y savia de tuna como alternativas de revestimiento en muros de adobe para el mejoramiento de sus propiedades hidrófugas
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Civil, 2020) Romero Yanzapanta, Andrés Paúl; Ureña Aguirre, Maritza Elizabeth
    This experimental work was carried out with land extracted from The Putzalahua Hill, which was analyzed by the Peruvian E0.80 standard as indicated by the NEC, laboratory tests were also carried out to obtain soil type, soil conditions and soil composition for adobe manufacturing. The traditional adobe blocks were developed in compliance with E0.80, the resistance of adobe blocks with an average value of 1.502MPa greater than indicated in the standard was checked, after the drying of the block, the resistance to contact with water in which the blocks do not resist, disintegrate, cracks and fissures are generated. Adobe blocks covered with tuna penca sap were made, resting for 7, 14 and 18 days; adobe blocks were also coated with cement in percentages of 5, 10 and 12.5 percent, in which very good results were observed, the coated adobe blocks were not disintegrated, in the absorption and suction tests. In tuna sap coating at 18 days reaches a suction of 22.66 gr/min/area with a capillary ascent of 1.08cm, and an absorption of 24.14 percent, because tuna penca sap decreases porosity, coated blocks also suffer a volumetric variation of 5.2 percent. Cement percentage coated blocks also withstand suction and absorption tests, cement at 12.5 per cent in suction was obtained a value of 48.05gr/min/area, the blocks absorb 36.04 per cent, and suffer a variation of 5.0 percent, but in contact with water they last better than traditional blocks. Finally, adobe walls coated with tuna sap were scaled at 14 days, 18 days and walls coated with cement percentages of 10 and 12.5 per cent; which were compared in the simulated flood test, the uncoated wall resists 1 hour 45 minutes collapses, while the walls covered with tuna sap 14 days resist 5 days and the wall with tuna sap 14 days resist 6 days without collapse, the walls covered with 10 per cent of cement and 12.5 per cent resist 7 days and 5 days respectively.