Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica
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Item Comportamiento a flexión del hormigón tradicional frente a un hormigón en base a PET reciclado y fibras de bagazo de caña de azúcar(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Civil, 2021-09) Villacrés Yépez, Jhojaan Alexander; Castro Solorzano, Fidel AlbertoIn this experimental work the reuse of materials as they are proposed; recycled PET plastic and cane bagasse fibers, which replace a percentage of the total weight corresponding to coarse aggregate, in the dosage and elaboration of traditional concrete beams. The technical, economic and environmental behavior of the proposal was analyzed through controlled bending laboratory tests and its cost comparison of these alternative materials compared to traditional ones in the local market. Technically, it was found that the traditional concrete specimens reinforced with 5 and 7 percent recycled PET plastic have mechanical properties according to the NTE-INEN standard for non-structural elements. The cane bagasse fibers did not meet the standards, with a maximum of 1.5 percent fiber addition being the best result. The economic analysis showed that concrete with PET reinforcements is competitive with traditional concrete.Item Análisis del material vulcanizado caucho estireno-butadieno 1502 con dióxido de silicio amorfo y su incidencia en la resistencia a la abrasión, fatiga por flexión y dureza, mediante la utilizaciòn de normas NTE-INEN-ISO, en la empresa Carvifactory CIA LTDA(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Mecánica, 2020) Carpio Vega, Mario Alexander; Paredes Salinas, Juan GilbertoIn the present investigation, the mechanical behavior of a compression vulcanized composite material, consisting of Rubber SBR 1502, Amorphous Silicon Dioxide and other compounds was evaluated. In addition, through the use of NTE-INEN-ISO 4649, 20344 and 868 standards, Abrasion Resistance, Flexural Fatigue and Hardness tests were performed, respectively. For this, it was necessary to develop different specimens, manufactured under these 3 same standards. Once all the trial data were obtained, they were tabulated and analyzed using two statistical techniques: Factorial Design and Response Surface Methodology (RSM) These two statistical strategies allowed validating all the data obtained, defining the significant effects and their influence on the mechanical properties evaluated and optimize each of the response variables according to the NTE-INEN-ISO 20345, 20346 and 20347 requirement standards, which specify the minimum, maximum or range values for each property evaluated. After analyzing all the data, it is observed that the RSM is the most appropriate tool to study the effects of the factors on the variables in this investigation. Thus, by means of the composite desirability function of 0.858, it is defined that the combination that allows keeping within the 3 requirements is a material composed of 100 PHR of Rubber SBR 1502 + 44 PHR Amorphous Silicon Dioxide + 30 PHR of the others compounds, where an Abrasion Resistance of 136.5271 mm3 was obtained, an Incision Growth of 0.4034 mm and a Hardness of 66.87 SHORE A.Item Análisis de soldadura del acero inoxidable martensítico AISI 420 con acero de medio carbono AISI 1045 y bajo carbono AISI 1018 por soldadura SMAW y su influencia en las propiedades mecánicas(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Mecánica, 2020) Acosta Acosta, Christian Javier; Vaca Ortega, Wilson HenryThe work was carried out with the objective of choosing a suitable electrode to weld a martensitic stainless steel with a medium and low carbon steel in order to generate technological benefits in the industry, as well as study the microstructural changes that may have problems in this material during the welding process which makes it necessary to study the union of these materials. This project was carried out with the SMAW process under the AWS code B4.0 "Standard methods for mechanical welding tests" which establishes the general provisions for the realization of the tensile and impact probes for the joints of AISI 420 stainless steel joints with AISI 1045 medium carbon steel and AISI 1018 low carbon steel using input materials E 308L-16, E 3016L-16 and E 312-16. The tests were carried out in the laboratories of the Center for Productive Development of Mechanical Metalworking of the Municipal Government of Tungurahua. After having performed the required tests, the procedure is analyzed with the respective analysis and interpretation of the results, and the best mechanical properties found in the union of the stainless steel AISI 420 stainless steel and AISI 1018 low carbon steel with the material of E312-16 contribution obtaining a maximum effort of 613,61 MPa, in addition to an elongation percentage of 16.79 percent likewise the impact energy of 61.27 J and a maximum hardness of 269.38 VHI.Item Implementación del proceso de conservación de la estructura de la capa de rodadura de la vía Patate - Píllaro en el tramo km 3+800 al km 7+600 de la provincia de Tungurahua(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Civil, 2020) Segovia Tipantasig, Jaime Eduardo; Bayas Altamirano, Myriam MarisolIn the study of the current TPDA of the road is 1240 vehicles / day, obtaining as a result according to the classification of the MTOP 2003 is considered a Class II road. The PCI method allowed us to obtain a value of 70.67 with a rating of good, which indicates that the surface state of the road is in good condition for vehicular traffic in the analyzed section From the deflectometric test of the Benkelman beam, it was determined that the type of deflection corresponds to a Type III, because the characteristic deflection is less than the admissible deflection When comparing the results of the methods used PCI and Beam Benkelman, it was determined that the road should be intervened with a reinforcement in the pavement structure as indicated in the maintenance plan.Item Análisis de la influencia de las pruebas tecnológicas sobre las propiedades mecánicas de compuestos de resina polimérica reforzado con fibras naturales del Ecuador bajo norma ASTM(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica. Maestría en Mecánica Mención Diseño, 2019) Salán Guevara, Luis Geovanny; Analuiza Maiza, Oscar IvánThis document responds to an investigative work, against the lack of knowledge of the degree of degradation of composites in the open air, for this purpose the study of the influence of UV radiation and humidity, considered as technological tests, on the mechanical properties of tensile and flexion in two types of composite materials, one with a matrix of polyester resin and reinforcement of cabuya fiber and the other with the same matrix of the previous one with banana fiber reinforcement, under ASTM regulations. In order to determine the percentage of humidity and UV affectation in the aforementioned composite materials, by comparing their properties and determining which one offers better anti-degrading benefits to technological tests, tensile and flexural tests were carried out in the pre and post phases exposure to them. From the experimental treatment of the data obtained, conclusions are established that determine that the composite with better characteristics to resist technological tests is one that uses banana reinforcement. Subsequently, it was validated its use within the automotive industry - body supported by the analysis of finite elements performed by the specialized software intermediary, determining that its ideal application is for internal cover for bus roofs.Item La adición de bolsas plásticas en la elaboración de bloques alivianados para viviendas unifamiliares y su efecto en la variación de temperatura y acondicionamiento acústico en el cantón Ambato, provincia de Tungurahua(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Civil, 2019) Cando Pichucho, Carlos Xavier; Chérrez Gavilanes, Diego SebastiánThe present experimental work evaluated the use of the crushed plastic bags in the manufacture of relieved blocks, to determine the variation of temperature and acoustic conditioning. In the first place, a material dosage was elaborated in which the coarse aggregate was replaced by 15%, 25%, 50% and 75% of plastic bags crushed, which was used to make the blocks. The blocks were tested under compression, in which it was found that the block with 15% of crushed plastic bags obtained a compression resistance value of 3.78 Mpa which reveals that meets the minimum value of 3.5 Mpa of compressive strength proposed by Standard NTE INEN 3066. Then, walls were made with the blocks, which were placed inside a chamber to evaluate the temperature variation and acoustic conditioning by temperature and sound sensors, and the Xplorer GLX equipment, where it was proved that the wall with 50% of crushed of plastic bags presents the best temperature variation with an insulation of 34.91 ºC and the wall with 15% presents the best acoustic conditioning with 47.35 dBA. Finally, it was concluded that the block with 15% of crushed plastic bags presents the best performance in terms of compression resistance, temperature variation, and acoustic conditioning to be used in single-family homes in Ambato canton, Tungurahua province.Item Implementación del proceso de conservación de la estructura de la capa de rodadura de la vía Patate-Baños en el tramo km 0+000 – km 2+350 de la provincia de Tungurahua(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Civil, 2019) Romero Aldás, Johnny Gabriel; Acosta Lozada, Rodrigo IvánThe objective of this experimental work is to implement the process of conservation of the structure of the tread layer of the Patate-Baños road in the section km 0 + 000 - km 2 + 350 of the province of Tungurahua, in this way determine a road maintenance plan. To proceed with the preparation of the project, field and laboratory investigations were carried out, in accordance with current regulations such as the American Association of State Roads and Transportation (AASHTO), American Materials Testing Association (ASTM), Ministry of Transport and Works. Public (MTOP) and with bibliographic research, among the activities that were carried out in the present project, the topographic survey of the existing road with precision equipment, the vehicle count (TPDA), the extraction of a pit or open pit was made in each kilometer approximately for these altered soil samples to carry out the respective laboratory tests. The evaluation of the condition of the pavement, by means of the Deflectometry test of the pavement with the use of the Benkelman Beam and the PCI method, by means of which we identify and we locate damages found in the asphalt taking an average of samples. After the development of the aforementioned methods, it was observed that the section of the road is in good condition, so it is indicated that it is necessary to execute a routine and periodic maintenance plan.Item Análisis de la incidencia de retardantes de llama (hidróxido de aluminio, hidróxido de magnesio) en las propiedades mecánicas de un material compuesto de matriz polimérica reforzado con fibra de vidrio utilizado en la fabricación del interior de carrocerías metalmecánicas(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Mecánica, 2019) Freire Bonilla, Oscar Fabricio; Castro Miniguano, Christian ByronThe present experimental work was carried out in order to demonstrate the influence of flame retardants on composite materials (glass fiber + polyester resin and glass fiber + epoxy resin), in order to determine the impact on the mechanical properties of the same, looking for new fire resistant materials that have properties similar to the original composite materials. In this research 12 groups of composite materials were made, of which the results of their mechanical properties will be exposed, the specimens were manufactured according to the standards (ASTM D-3039) for traction, (ASTM D-7264) for bending and the standard (ASTM D-6110) for impact. For the analysis of results the 12 groups were compared with 2 extra groups, the latter being the original composite materials (fiberglass + polyester resin and glass fiber + epoxy resin), the respective correlations were made in which correlations were evidenced in mostly positive. The combinations of the 12 groups and the 2 extra groups, when an ANOVA analysis was carried out with the help of a software, it was determined that there is an incidence in the mechanical properties when the flame retardants are added in the original composite materialsItem Análisis de las características mecánicas de un material compuesto de matriz polimérica reforzado con partículas de caucho de neumáticos reciclados y su incidencia en las propiedades mecánicas.(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Mecánica, 2019) Acosta Benavides, Carolina Nataly; Espín Lagos, Segundo ManuelThe addition of recycled tires rubber particles in thermostable polymers is a shape to promote the recycling of scrap tires, replacing traditional materials with environment friendly composite material, for this reason, the present project had as objectives to obtain the composite of recycled tires rubber particles and polyester resin with reinforcement concentrations of 30%, 35% and 40% for three different sizes of particles, manufacture test pieces standard and characterize the composite through Flexural, Compressive and Hardness tests under the standards ASTM D7264-07, ASTM D695-15, ASTM D785-03 and ASTD 2240-05 respectively and Fractography. This allowed to obtain experimentally the mechanical properties of the composite, obtaining as a result that the combination of 30% rubber particles of G1 particle size and 70% polyester resin presented the best mechanical properties with: the máximum flexural stress of 13,16 MPa, flexural modulus of elasticity of 425,46 MPa, maximum strain of 3,21%, maximum compressive stress of 7,49 MPa, yield stress of 1,94 MPa, compressive modulus of elasticity of 37,40 MPa, compressive strain of 20,29%, and 17,01 Rockwell hardness. Also, it was determined that the incorporation of rubber particles in the polyester resin had a negative impact on the máximum flexural and compressive stress, flexural and compressive modulus of elasticity, and hardness, but it bear higher flexural and compressive strain. The composite material is adequate for the manufacture of headlights edge of a Hino AK bus with a mínimum thickness of 3 mm, because it complies with a minimum safety factor of 2,931, ensuring the suitable performance of the piece in aerodynamic conditions.Item Caracterización de las partes termoformadas y su incidencia en las propiedades mecánicas para la fabricación de guardachoques con polipropileno de alto impacto en la Empresa Carrocera Construcciones Mecánicas Albán en la ciudad de Latacunga(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica. Carrera de Ingeniería Mecánica, 2018) Ortíz Naranjo, José Fernando; Pérez Salinas, Cristian FabiánThe present experimental project was based on the analysis and determination of the mechanical properties of thermoformed pieces of high impact polypropylene, under the variation of the parameters in the thermoforming process; thickness, temperature and vacuum pressure, in order to establish the most suitable parameters of the thermoforming process that provide the best mechanical properties of the thermoformed parts for its application in the manufacture of bumpers. The tensile, bending and impact tests were developed under the standards ASTM D638, ASTM D790 and ASTM D1709 respectively. The specimens were manufactured by subjecting the polypropylene to the vacuum thermoforming process by varying the different parameters of thermoforming, obtaining 8 groups of specimens, and the sizing of the specimens was carried out as established in the standard. From the tests carried out it was possible to determine the mechanical properties, the data were tabulated, proceeding to the selection of the best and optimum combination of the parameters in the thermoforming process, the best combination being a thickness of 4mm, temperature of 200ºC and a pressure vacuum of 50 Psi, presenting good mechanical properties, an acceptable absorption of energy at impact, and in addition to a good distribution of stresses in the material.