Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica
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Item Análisis comparativo del comportamiento a flexión entre vigas de hormigón armado elaboradas con agregado grueso natural y reciclado(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Civil, 2024-08) Sánchez Balseca, Alison Odalis; Navarro Peñaherrera, Carlos PatricioThe construction industry has had a significant impact on the environment due to the emission of greenhouse gases and the extraction of natural resources. Reinforced concrete, essential in construction, combines iron and cement, improving mechanical strength. In response, sustainable practices such as the recycling of construction materials have been promoted. This research analyzes the performance of reinforced concrete using recycled materials from construction and demolition waste, evaluating the feasibility of replacing natural coarse aggregate with recycled aggregate. Flexural tests were performed on reinforced concrete beams, comparing the mechanical properties of beams with natural and recycled aggregates. The beams with natural aggregate withstood a maximum load of 21.56 kN and presented a modulus of rupture of 5627.47 MPa, while the beams with recycled aggregate reached a maximum load of 19.62 kN and a modulus of rupture of 5120.80 MPa. The maximum displacement was 49.52 mm for beams with natural aggregate and 22.28 mm for those with recycled aggregate, showing greater ductility in the former. The recycling and reuse of materials in construction, in the production of new concrete with recycled aggregate, not only reduces the environmental impact and the demand for natural resources, but also makes it possible to contribute to the sustainable development objectives (Objective 11) in terms of innovation of materials and sustainable cities and communities. The implementation of an efficient sorting and recycling system is essential to reuse waste as raw material in the manufacture of new building materials, promoting a more sustainable construction.Item Programa en Visual Basic para el análisis sísmico y diseño de tanques rectangulares superficiales de acuerdo con la norma del Instituto Americano de Concreto ACI-350(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Civil, 2024-08) Naranjo Torres, Willan Gustavo; Ramírez Cabrera, Wladimir JoséIn the context of construction and structures, the seismic analysis and design of surface rectangular concrete tanks are crucial. However, the current educational approach, combined with a reduction in academic hours, has highlighted deficient visual learning techniques as a major problem. This technical project aims to develop a program in Visual Basic with reference to the American Concrete Institute's ACI-350 standard. To this end, flowcharts were first created by researching design guides used for the construction of reinforced concrete structures. Then, an easy-to-use graphical user interface was developed using programming tools such as buttons, labels, text boxes, among others. Finally, a detailed results report model was generated, including regulatory verifications, hydrostatic and hydrodynamic forces, and the final tank design outcome. The program called “W TANKS” and its functionality demonstrated the integration of programming tools and design standards to create a more efficient solution in seismic analysis. Additionally, its results were validated by comparing them with exercises developed in the structural projects course and also with explanatory examples from IITK-GSDMA design guides. The results mostly showed similar outcomes, with some variations due to different factors such as the considered seismic response reduction spectrum, differences in regional seismicity, building codes, R reduction factors, and different Z factors.Item Diseño del sistema de agua potable para la comunidad de Maikiuants, cantón Limón Indanza, provincia de Morona Santiago(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Civil, 2022-09) Brito Villa, José Alex; Castro Solórzano, Fidel AlbertoDue to the problem of malnutrition and poor health in the people of the Maikiuants community, caused by the lack of basic water service. In this technical project, the design of the drinking water system was carried out based on the results by INEN, corresponding to the chapter on the Drinking Water Supply System. With their methods of analysis and data collection, such as direct observation and reconnaissance of the terrain, they allowed to determine the number of assistants corresponding to 200 people; Through a topographic survey, the land was defined, such as the total area of the project, place of treatment, layout of the conduction line and distribution. The physical-chemical and microbiological characteristics of the water were determined with a laboratory analysis, resulting in it being suitable for human consumption, which was made for a disinfection process to eliminate pathogenic microorganisms through the use of chlorine. With the conduction and distribution network was designed with pipes and accessories made of PVC material, with the treatment based on the use of the Clorid L-30 equipment for chlorine, adding to this a slow sand filter to control dirty water. The storage tank was designed in reinforced concrete with a capacity of 20 cubic meters. Finally, the unit price analysis was carried out to determine the reference budget.Item Diseño estructural del edificio de la empresa pública municipal de agua potable y alcantarillado del cantón San José De Chimbo (EP – MAPA - CCH)(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Civil, 2022-09) Guevara Jiménez, Marco Tulio; Ramírez Cabrera, Wladimir JoséSince the public company EP-MAPA-CCH does not have its own facilities, the structural design of a building is proposed. In this technical project, the bibliographic, deductive and analytical research method was applied, as well as descriptive and applied research. Based on the technical analysis and architectural design provided by the institution, the design of a reinforced concrete structure was carried out, for which a Moment-resisting frame systems with sagging beams was selected and gravity loads, overloads, seismic loads for a structure of normal occupancy and pre-design of structural elements were determined; parameters that allowed modeling the structure in a structural analysis and design software where the behavior of the structure was observed by performing the linear dynamic analysis, and the structural elements of the structure and foundation were also designed. For the validation of the design, the seismic-resistant requirements and design considerations specified in the following standards were verified: NEC-SE-CG-15, NEC-SE-DS-15, NEC-SE-HM-15, AISC 360-10, AISC 341-10, ASCE-SEI 7-16 and ACI 318-19. Concluding that the structure will behave safely in the event of a seismic event.Item Diseño estructural de un edificio de hormigón armado con amortiguadores viscosos(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Civil, 2022-07) Martínez Montoya, Christopher Diego; Ramírez Cabrera, Wladimir JoséIn this degree work, the structural analysis and design of a reinforced concrete building was carried out. By means of this model, a conventional structural analysis was performed using a design spectrum with an R=8 taking into account the fundamentals specified by the NEC-SE-DS and ACI318 standards. Subsequently, the analysis of the same building was carried out with the incorporation of viscous dampers using the fundamentals specified by ASCE 7-16, obtaining damping coefficients for the dissipaters used in the structure and drifts of less than 0.5 percent. An economic analysis was carried out comparing the cost of reinforcement for the conventional structure, expecting considerable long-term damage in the event of a severe earthquake, and the design of the structure with the incorporation of viscous dampers, expecting drifts of up to 0.5 percent and immediate occupancy performance in the event of a rare earthquake. At the end of the work it is concluded that the incorporation of viscous dampers provides a great contribution in the dissipation of seismic energy by decreasing the nonlinear dissipation by the structure and therefore reducing the structural damage in the building.Item Análisis del nivel de daño para diferentes niveles de peligro sísmico en elementos sometidos a flexión y compresión para una estructura típica de hormigón armado(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Civil, 2022-01) Navarrete López, Pablo Andres; Navarro Peñaherrera, Carlos PatricioOne of the methodologies presented by the Vision 2000 Committee presents the different performance objectives and those proposed by the Ecuadorian Construction Standard NEC 2015, with the objective of verifying the performance level of a structure through nonlinear analysis. For the analysis of the structure we used the most relevant parameters such as irregularity of plan and elevation, structural system and soil type. With all the information obtained from the structure and the different methodologies, the linear and nonlinear analysis was performed to verify the fundamental parameters of the structure and the different structural elements, which comply with the specifications of the standard. With the results of the two methodologies applied in the analysis, the performance level of the structure was verified according to the objectives present in the Vision 2000 and related to the performance levels present in the Ecuadorian Construction Standard, with which it was established that the typical reinforced concrete structure does not meet the objectives and presents serious seismic vulnerability problems. Finally, a classification of the cracking in the elements subjected to bending and compression in a general way present in a structure was made by compiling information obtained from previous studies and comparing them with the results obtained in the linear and nonlinear analysis of the structure.Item Análisis comparativo estructural y económico de una vivienda modular unifamiliar a base de contenedores reciclados y hormigón armado para el cantón Ambato(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Civil, 2021-09) Olivo Mera, Javier Enrique; Navarro Peñaherrera, Carlos PatricioFor this research paper, the structure of a two-story dwelling made of concrete and containers was analyzed and compared. In this study, concrete and container structural performance was evaluated. Then, the obtained results were compared in order to determine a suitable building system. For the modeling of reinforced concrete structure, a pre-design of structural elements was done. Then, to define final sections, software Etabs was used. Drifts and torsion in the plan verified and, the equivalent static analysis was performed. Finally, the estimated budget and the building time of the structure was determined. For the modeling of the containers, the sections of the container structure were determined. Each element was modeled in the software Etabs, and, the necessary revisions were carried out. To comply with the design parameters, the structure was braced in order to control drifts and torsion in plan. Then, the equivalent-static analysis was performed. Finally, the budget and building time for the structure was determined. Finally, after comparing the results of both structures, it was determined that containers present a better structural performance and take less time to build. However, their price does not vary significantly compared to the reinforced concrete structure.Item Estudio de la influencia de la mampostería de relleno en el desempeño de un pórtico de hormigón armado sometido a carga lateral monotónica(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Civil, 2021-02) Sánchez Pazmiño, Juan Pablo; Suquillo Ronquillo, Betzabeth JesseniaIn this project, the influence caused by infill masonry on the performance of a reinforced concrete frame subjected to a monotonic lateral load was studied, in which it was carried out in two stages. The first stage consists of the comparison of the triple strut or Multi-strut models with the simple strut, using different mathematical models and using finite element software, with which the properties of resistance, stiffness and ductility were compared, determining the breaking load, the displacements and the failure mechanism of each of the proposed models, by applying the Pushover method according to FEMA 440 and linear analysis. In the second stage, the possible pathologies generated by the presence of masonry in the reinforced concrete porches were studied, by applying the Pushover method according to FEMA 440, the performance levels according to the VISION 2000 Committee proposal and the use of the props according to the results of the first stage. The results showed a clear evidence of the influence of masonry on the structural behavior of a reinforced concrete frame, in addition to the differences that exist in the structural analysis with and without mathematical elements that represent masonry, making it clear that the traditional model which considers masonry as an overload, ignores certain parameters such as an increase in stiffness of 99.3 percent, and a decrease in drifts and displacements of a 98.37 and 98.56 percent respectively, in a 3-span and 3-story reinforced concrete frame.Item Análisis cuantitativo y cualitativo del grado de vulnerabilidad sísmica de la Facultad de Ciencias Administrativas de la Universidad Técnica de Ambato, Campus Huachi.(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica. Carrera de Ingeniería Civil, 2019) Montalvo Quinteros, Gabriel Alejandro; Cevallos Cabrera, Jorge WashingtonIn the present research work, the degree of seismic vulnerability of the administrative building of the faculty of Administrative Sciences of the Technical University of Ambato, Campus Huachi, was determined by means of two methodologies such as Qualitative and Quantitative. For the first methodology formats raised were used by both local and international standards, the results of which were opposed because by FEMA 154 format is described the structure as highly vulnerable, and using the formats set by the NEC 2015 and the National Secretary Risk Management structure did not present any seismic vulnerability, for this analysis took into account primarily irregularities in plan and elevation, soil type, the year it was built and materials. For the second approach the point of performance of the structure was determined by a nonlinear analysis, in the same way, the four damage thresholds (MILD, MODERATE, EXTENSIVE, COMPLETE) suggested by RISK EU and HAZUS was calculated, which they served of base to carry out an analysis of fragility to the structure thus presenting a high degree of probability that the structure will enter into extensive and complete damage, which means that it presents a high seismic vulnerability.Item Influencia de la temperatura ambiental, humedad relativa y velocidad del viento en el comportamiento del hormigón armado en estado fresco(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica. Carrera de Ingeniería Civil, 2018) Núñez Núñez, Jessenia Belén; Ureña Aguirre, Maritza ElizabethThe present experimental work details the influence of various environmental factors such as environmental temperature, wind speed and relative humidity in the process of making the concrete. During the process of carrying out this research work, several laboratory tests were carried out on materials such as fine aggregates, coarse aggregates and cement, where the characteristics of each of these were determined and the dosage for resistance to compression required for the development of the concrete mass. The elaboration of the concrete mass was carried out in the field in the Huachi Grande Sector because it is required to simulate the civil constructions that are carried out in situ, in this place the data of the different environmental factors mentioned above in the different hours of the day were taken. being these from 7 am-10am, 11 am-13pm, 19 pm-22pm and in rain, it was found that there is a variation of temperature, relative humidity and wind speed over a whole day of work. After elaborating the prismatic specimens (beams) the water is cured for 28 days and finally it is tested by bending in the machine of the laboratories of the Technical University of Ambato, Faculty of Civil Engineering. Finally, the data recorded by the bending machine is analyzed and the external environmental factors that influence the behavior of the concrete in the fresh state are the temperature and relative humidity but not the wind speed, since the latter does not vary from way means in the different times of the day in which the concrete specimens were made.