Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica
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Item Diseño del sistema de alcantarillado sanitario y planta de tratamiento de aguas residuales para las comunidades Santa Rosa y San Francisco, cantón Guano, provincia de Chimborazo(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Civil., 2025-02) Chusin Vega, Edgar Patricio; Frías Torres, Alex XavierIn the communities of Santa Rosa and San Francisco, located in the Guano canton, a significant lack of sanitary infrastructure has been identified, posing a risk to public health and environmental balance. Therefore, it is essential to design a sanitary sewer system and a wastewater treatment plant, ensuring that the proposed infrastructure complies with current technical regulations and meets the present and future needs of the population, whose projected growth estimates an increase from 330 to 423 inhabitants over a 25-year period. For the development of the project, design parameters were defined through the execution of a topographic survey, the application of surveys, and the calculation of sanitary flow based on the population’s water consumption, ensuring compliance with current regulations and applying the equations established in the Bolivian Standard NB 688 and SENAGUA. As a result, the designed sewer network includes 98 manholes, reaching a maximum depth of 4.6 meters, with 25 featuring drop structures, covering a total length of 6,000.20 meters. Additionally, the Wastewater Treatment Plant (WWTP) was designed, incorporating screening processes followed by two sedimentation tanks, an upflow anaerobic filter (UAF), and a drying bed for sludge management, ensuring that the final discharge meets the required environmental standards. The proposed designs were determined to be suitable, as they comply with the parameters established in the relevant technical regulations. Furthermore, the total estimated cost for project implementation amounts to USD 673,938.01, with an execution period of 28 weeks. This project aims to improve the population's sanitary conditions, reduce environmental impact, and contribute to the development of the San Isidro de Patulú parish.Item Diseño del sistema de alcantarillado sanitario y planta de tratamiento de aguas residuales para los habitantes del caserío El Pingue, parroquia La Matriz, cantón Pelileo, provincia de Tungurahua(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Civil, 2025-02) Freire Zurita, Wellington Alexis; Castro Solorzano, Fidel AlbertoAccess to sanitary sewage systems is of vital importance to ensure optimal sanitation conditions and prevent negative impacts on both human health and the environment. In this context, the hamlet of Pingue faces limitations such as the absence of basic sanitation infrastructure, which directly affects the quality of life of its inhabitants. This project was developed in several essential phases, each one focused on fundamental technical aspects. In the initial phase, a topographic survey was carried out, and surveys were conducted to obtain information on the conditions of the community, as well as the needs of the population. Based on this data, we proceeded with the preliminary design of the sewerage network and treatment plant, applying the corresponding regulations, such as Bolivian Standard NB 688, CO 10.7 - 601 and CO 10.7 - 602 and Senagua guidelines. In the next phase, an economic evaluation was carried out, including the calculation of unit costs and the analysis of the financial viability of implementing the project. As a result of this project, a detailed design was prepared for the sanitary sewerage system, which includes 88 wells and 87 pipes, with a total length of 2,353 km. In addition, an existing network was analyzed, which consists of 57 wells and a length of the existing network of 1,299 km. Finally, technical calculations were developed for the wastewater treatment plant, where the processes were analyzed, including pretreatment, primary and secondary treatment. Ensuring that the total flow complies with the parameters required for proper operation. An economic study of the project was also carried out, with a budget of $345,842.12 and its respective specifications to guarantee the improvement of sanitary conditions.Item Optimización del sistema de distribución de agua potable, de la comunidad Andahualo Alto San Isidro, parroquia San Andrés, cantón Píllaro, provincia Tungurahua(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Civil, 2024-08) Sangucho Quinaucho, Erick Joel; Peñafiel Valla, Lourdes GabrielaAt present the system does not provide a service of quality, continuity and efficiency, because it has been operating for 29 years and is at the limit of its useful life, in order to optimize the system this research is carried out. It began with a topographic survey, using the photogrammetry technique, technical visits were made in the field, where the physical evaluation of the state of the components of the system was carried out. Subsequently, the hydraulic evaluation was developed where, with the help of a pressure gauge, the pressures in the different connections were known and the system was modeled with the help of hydraulic simulation software in both static and dynamic conditions. After analyzing the deficiencies, it was concluded that a redesign proposal is necessary. A proposal was made to redesign the system, which is made up of a 5.11km pipeline network for a design period of 25 years and covers an area of 86.60ha of surface. The design was carried out under static and dynamic modeling in the most critical conditions, based on design parameters that comply with national regulations for the rural sector. As a result, the project contains evaluation matrices, calculation report, network plans, implementation of pressure-reducing valves and a water disinfection system, along with a technical economic analysis that includes a referential budget for the execution of the project.Item Diseño de la red de alcantarillado sanitario para los sectores de Chilcapamba y Olalla, del cantón mocha, de la provincia de Tungurahua(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Civil, 2024-08) Aillón Torres, Joselyn Soraya; Moya Medina, Dilon GermánSewage systems play a crucial role in preserving public health and environmental protection by preventing pollution. However, several sectors of the Mocha Canton lack this service. Therefore, the main objective of this technical project was the design of the sanitary sewage network for the Chilcapamba and Olalla sectors in the Mocha Canton, Tungurahua Province. The project was structured in three different phases, each using specific methodologies. In the first, preliminary studies were carried out that included a detailed topographic survey, the execution of surveys, and an analysis of water consumption. In the second, the design was developed in accordance with the current regulations of SENAGUA and the Bolivian Standard NB 688, applying hydraulic calculations according to the “Standards for the Study and Design of Drinking Water Systems and Wastewater Disposal for Populations Greater than 1000 Inhabitants”, while the third focused on the economic evaluation of the project. As a result of this process, a sanitary sewage network was established consisting of 61 wells and 62 pipes, with a total length of 2.7 km. In addition, a detailed volumetric evaluation of the components of the Olalla wastewater treatment plant was carried out, confirming that all elements satisfy the requirement for a total flow rate of 1.80 l/s. In conclusion, it was determined that the designs meet the standards established in the aforementioned regulations and a project execution budget of $304,156.00 was estimated.Item Diseño y construcción de un molde para la elaboración de platos desechables a partir de material biodegradable de bagazo de caña de azúcar(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Mecánica, 2024-02) Guamán Cando, Brayan Manuel; López Velástegui, Jorge EnriqueThe increase in the use of single-use products and items, primarily made from petroleum derivatives such as plastic, contributes to environmental pollution due to inefficient recycling and disposal practices. This necessitates the exploration and development of new materials with biodegradable properties. The objective of this work is to encourage and promote research and the use of biodegradable materials. To achieve this, a mold was designed and constructed for the production of plates using biodegradable material derived from sugarcane bagasse. A hypothetical-deductive research approach was employed, considering design parameters for mold construction and specific standards for its use in food-contact processes. Thermal-structural analyses of the mold were conducted using specialized software, simulating situations with predetermined conditions. Regarding the biodegradable material, various experimental tests were conducted based on quantities previously explored in earlier research. Modifications were made to the recommended amounts, and their behavior was observed until optimal performance was achieved. Tests were conducted to verify the mechanical properties of the obtained product. Based on the results of mechanical tests (bending and impact tests) performed on the biodegradable material, it was determined that the optimal composition includes 20 grams of sugarcane bagasse, 35 grams of potato starch, and 33 milliliters of water, under pressing conditions of 110 degrees Celsius and 8 bars.Item Diseño de una cámara de Sandblasting, para el tratamiento y mantenimiento de tanques bajo normativa ASME en la empresa Induacero CIA. LTDA.(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Mecánica, 2022-09) Rodríguez Chicaiza, John Sebastian; Guamanquispe Toasa, Jorge Patricio, This technical project was developed due to the need of having a sandblasting chamber to perform the surface cleaning process of the pressure vessels manufactured by INDUACERO Cia. Ltda. achieving to minimize production times and maintain a contamination free space for the operators. For the respective design of the chamber, physical and mechanical parameters were identified, such as the dimensions of the largest container that should enter the chamber and according to the needs required by the company. As abrasive material was assigned the use of metallic shot for its high efficiency and its capacity of reuse from 700 to 5000 times these abrasive particles are projected at high speed by means of a pressure system against the surface of the container by means of a gun, also was developed a system of recirculation of the abrasive by means of a cyclone type Stairmand of high capacity. The pertinent calculations were made for the design of the chamber with the requested parameters, then an analysis of the results was carried out; finally, the design was made in a finite element software and the plans and the financial study of the project were incorporated, obtaining as a result an efficient chamber in terms of its operation and dimensions required by the company.Item Vulnerabilidad sísmica del parqueadero municipal del Gobierno Autónomo Descentralizado de Ambato, ubicado en la calle Cuenca y Montalvo(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica. Maestría en Ingeniería Civil con Mención en Estructuras Metálicas, 2022-09) Lucio Álvarez, Diego Ricardo; Peñafiel Valla, Lourdes GabrielaEcuador is located in the ring of fire, so different earthquakes at various levels are very common, the structures must be designed to withstand an earthquake of a rare level, the constructions must be ductile; the ductility is the time that the occupants of the structures have to be able to go out to a safe place, the secondary waves of the earthquakes are the ones that knock down the buildings, through the present study a building located in the central area of Ambato was taken as a sample , this structure should be in a life safety acceptance criteria, to start the present study the forms established by FEMA 154 and NEC 2015 were used and a visual inspection of the structure was carried out to know the irregularities in plan and elevation, In addition to knowing pathologies that the structure has, the main pathology is the short column, the parameters of the forms were established and it was concluded that it has a medium seismic vulnerability, with this information a nonlinear static analysis was carried out, it was necessary to use a computer program such as Etabs19, where the steel area was placed in each of the beams and columns, with this information formation we obtainedxxiv the plastic hinges, as well as the performance point and the capacity of the building under study, in which it was observed that the structure does not meet this acceptance criterion for the design earthquake, which is why it is necessary to carry out a reinforcement in beams, but above all in C2 columns, which are the columns that act the most in these two buildings. There are several methodologies for reinforcing structures among the most common (reinforcement with carbon fiber, reinforcement with screeding of structural elements and reinforcement with steel), reinforcement with angles and plates of A36 steel was chosen, these angles fastened with plates and bolts they help to gain ductility and more shear strength of the structure in order to meet the acceptance criteria for this type of building, which is life safety.Item El trazado geométrico actual y la congestión vehicular, en el sector de Tillales, provincia de el Oro(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica. Maestría en Vías Terrestres, 2016) Campoverde Solís, Víctor Homar; Moreira Cedeño, Friscson LutgardoPopulation growth produced by the big cities of the country, knowledge of the geometrical characteristics of the current routes, the increase in percent of vehicles, has caused a chaotic situation in the transit of light, medium and heavy vehicles, which alternate vehicular circulation systems planning, has been required to relieve traffic produced in the Tillales sector of the El Oro Province. With a methodology based on studies of motorways and first class roads, the study of this research has been done, resulting in a Manual that collected rules, pictures and design procedures, creating a new model of the path, as a distributor of traffic type diamond weight, that meets standards and technical specifications to get a vehicle flow, reduce traffic accidents and have a proper connection between the motorway under construction from Huaquillas to Tillales with the E-25 State network called the network of the coast, in order to render a good service and improved connectivity with the E-25 corridor and the city of Machala.