Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica
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Item Análisis estructural dinámico comparativo de un edificio irregular de 5 pisos entre la NEC-15 y ASCE 7-16(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Civil, 2025-02) Pinos Cevallos, Ariana Belén; Cevallos Cabrera, Jorge WashingtonAs technology advances, developed countries conduct research based on the lessons learned from each earthquake. This research leads to updates in building codes, aiming to create safer structures that respond appropriately to seismic activity. The goal is not only to protect human lives but also to safeguard the economy by preventing structural collapses. This experimental study presents a comparative dynamic structural analysis based on the parameters of the NEC and ASCE 7-16 standards. The study evaluates the NEC’s capacity to ensure structural safety and efficient planning. To achieve this, a five-story irregular structure was designed using ETABS software, where structural models were developed: one following the NEC to calculate static and dynamic base shear, and another based on ASCE 7-16 to determine horizontal forces. The results obtained from both standards were compared in the dynamic analysis context. The findings reveal significant differences that must be carefully considered in structural design. According to NEC 15, the base shear values are below 1 percent, whereas when using ASCE 7-16, the calculation of base shear—considering both static and dynamic forces-exceeds 2 percent. Although this increase may seem minor, it can have a substantial impact on the design and safety of the structure, particularly in critical buildings or areas with high seismic activity. Therefore, the NEC should reconsider its safety standards to enhance disaster resilience, ultimately protecting both the well-being and economic stability of the Ecuadorian population.Item Diseño y análisis del parqueadero central de la ciudad de Ambato de hormigón armado y estructura metálica con el uso de elastómeros en la cimentación(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica. Maestría en Ingeniería Civil con Mención en Estructuras Metálicas, 2022) Sánchez Tenesaca, Estefanía Jacqueline; Fiallos Condo, Jéssica Tatiana; Chérrez Gavilanes, Diego SebastiánIn the present research work several factors are taken to determine the seismic safety of buildings, materials such as elastomers have been used for structural protection. The design and analysis of the central parking lot of the city of Ambato of reinforced concrete and metal structure with the use of elastomeric insulators in the foundation helps to improve seismic behavior. A modeling was carried out using software analyzing each of the structural elements, especially the behavior of the foundation. Structural and economic analysis shows that a structure equipped with elastomeric insulators in the foundation reduces its initial investment in the structural system since these are responsible for dissipating much of the energy that enters the system so the sections of the structural elements are reduced which implies savings. Its benefit is given in the long term reflected in the performance that the structure can achieve. In the analysis torsional distortion was visualized, we did not find the use of prequalified connections, factor of importance of the structure equal to one, vibration modes insufficient for a minimum mass participation of 90 percent, so we performed a verification through a linear analysis and a static nonlinear analysis with a factor of importance I = 1.5, , additionally, we must analyze the essential structures by means of a non-linear analysis for a return period of 2500 years as stipulated in the NEC SE DS 15. Therefore, this research determines the level of structural performance, as stipulated in the Ecuadorian Construction Standard in force, in the chapter of seismic design thus deducing that it was necessary to implement a structural reinforcement system, which at least allows the structure to remain at a level of (Life Safety) LS which is what the standard requires us.Item Diseño por capacidad partiendo de un análisis comparativo entre el método modal espectral y el método tiempo historia con el uso de acelerogramas sintéticos y la Norma Ecuatoriana de la Construcción 2015; de un edificio de 9 pisos en estructura metálica(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica. Maestría en Ingeniería Civil con Mención en Estructuras Metálicas, 2022-09) Cevallos Cabrera, Jorge Washington; Medina Robalino, Wilson SantiagoNational and international regulations are being updated based on the lessons learned from seismic events; having buildings designed in some cases with regulations that were not very demanding in the dynamic part and in other cases built without any technical procedure; it is necessary to improve the analysis of the behavior of the structure subjected to lateral forces produced by earthquakes in a controlled manner, leading to a theoretical collapse of the structure. This variation is achieved by progressively increasing the amplitudes of the accelerograms used as dynamic excitation. In this work, this numerical procedure for the evaluation of the seismic behavior of structures is applied in order to evaluate the values of the behavior factor postulated in the Ecuadorian Standard for the seismic-resistant design of special steel moment-resisting frames. However, due to the non-linear behavior of the soil, the solution is limited to a set of activities inherent to the correct structural modeling and use of properly filtered seismic records. Regarding the generation of synthetic accelerograms, they must be adjusted to an objective spectrum involving the non-linear behavior of the soil; although it is true that spectral adjustments in the time domain, due to the existence of public domain software, are relatively simple procedures to execute, it is necessary to have a wide knowledge in this type of procedure. In the process of verifying the compatibility of the responses of the vibration period of the structure by placing it as a percentage of the distance and moving the center of masses according to the Ecuadorian standard, it was evidenced that the period of the structures does not affect, due to the fact that the static eccentricity between the center of masses and the center of stiffness can increase more or less; being noticeable the more irregular the structure. By scaling the accelerograms with the response spectrum provided by the NEC; to make synthetic accelerograms, the pseudo-spectral acceleration tends to be similar to the acceleration of the target spectrum, so it could be more productive to work with accelerograms of low magnitude earthquakes, being indispensable to take into consideration the parameters of focal depth, type of fault, soil conditions, etc. For capacity analysis, it is possible to choose only the structural elements that could have some suspicion of failure, concentrating all our effort in solving these elements; it should be clear that the design by capacity does not provide design data, the results obtained serve to analyze the possible complications that could occur in the structure during a seismic movement; it is important to emphasize that they are not totally real data, taking into account that an earthquake has many variables that are not taken into account during the nonlinear analysis.Item Evaluación estructural estática y dinámica del muelle marítimo ubicado en la Base Naval Sur Guayas, en la ciudad de Guayaquil(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Civil, 2022-06) Frías Córdova, Christian Fabián; Cevallos Cabrera, Jorge WashingtonThe present qualification work consists of a quantitative evaluation in order to know the behavior of the service pier after the impact received by the vessel M.H. HUALCOPO. Once the field information was collected, it was found that the pier had several damages, being the most dangerous the cracks and fissures in the inverted T-beam and the piles that support it, in the same way it was found that there is detachment of the coating in several areas of the pier and a great amount of rust present in the places where the reinforcing steel is exposed. Once the visual inspection was carried out, a sclerometric test was performed, where it was verified that the resistance of the piles decreased considerably in comparison to the resistance obtained through the studies carried out by the naval entity some time ago. Once all the field information had been compiled, as well as the structural and architectural drawings, the numerical model of the pier was made to perform the corresponding static and dynamic analyses, where it was verified that the structure behaved very badly under seismic stresses, mainly generating excessive periods and drifts. Subsequently, a Pushover analysis of each of the pier's frames was performed based on the displacements produced at the moment of impact by the ship, finding that the performance of the aforementioned frames is higher than the collapse prevention performance, which is consistent with the visual inspection of each of them. The studies carried out showed that the service pier has a very poor performance under dynamic stresses and a reinforcement would result in an excessively high cost due to the level of performance it presents, the poor structural configuration for the site where it is located and the advanced degree of deterioration it haItem Análisis comparativo del diseño sismo resistente de estructura de hormigón armado basado en normativa ecuatoriana (NEC-SE-DS) y colombiana (NSR-10)(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Civil, 2022-03) Gallegos Díaz, Pablo Fernando; Ureña Aguirre, Maritza ElizabethThis paper focuses on reviewing the technical aspects and weaknesses of seismic resistance codes in Ecuador and Colombia. Within each code, the scopes, factors, and parameters involved in determining the design spectrum and the design basal shear. It is intended to analyze the structure through the Etabs software, for this, the most relevant parameters are collected: location, site factors, the structural system, the design spectrum and the design base shear to model the building according to the requirements required by the codes. Then, the dynamic analysis was performed to determine the fundamental period of the structure and verify them with the limits of the corresponding study codes. In the event of non-compliance, the dimensions of the structural elements shall be increased and the analysis carried out again. Finally, the results of the seismic response were compared: vibration periods, horizontal displacements, dynamic shears and story drifts, where the last three are significantly affected by the design shear; will see the requirements of each code, coming to know if our Ecuadorian norm is projected to be more rigorous than the Colombian regulation.Item Análisis del desempeño estructural de la tipología edificios públicos con el uso de amortiguadores viscoelásticos(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Civil, 2021-01) Supe Guillen, Héctor Fernando; Suquillo Ronquillo, Betzabeth JesseniaIn this current research the data-information was collected from 18 public building in the Highland Central Region of Ecuador, data such as number of stories, distances between columns and story heights. Using these obtained data, a standard structure that approximates to the characteristics of typology buildings was modeled. Based on specific foundations in the NEC-SE-DS, FEMA 356, FEMA 440 and ASCE 41-13 standards, the structural performance of the model was analyzed, so that it reaches the requirements of a special structure, by using the ETABS software. The linear analysis, the non-linear static analysis, and the non-linear dynamic analysis were performed. For the Non-linear Dynamic Procedures (Time-History) three acelerograms were taken into account: Norcia (Italy), Northridge (USA), and San Fernando (USA). Later in the same model structure, viscoelastic dampers were incorporated by means of the “Link” element available in ETABS software, to probe that dampers the improve the structural performance, as well they decrease the displacements and story drifts of the structure. The results obtained by means of the nonlinear procedures are compared, both the pushover and the time – history analysis of various parameters such as displacements, story deformations and story drifts. At the end of the research, it is concluded that the viscoelastic dampers greatly help the structural performance for regular structures and reduces the displacements and story drifts.Item Determinación de configuraciones estructurales de un frente de autobús interprovincial y su incidencia en la resistencia al impacto frontal mediante el método de elementos finitos(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica. Maestría en Diseño Mecánico, 2016) López Ortiz, Santiago Alejandro; Arroba Arroba, César HernánThe Research is based on the frontal impact simulation of the front section bus with the Finite Element Method for analyzing the resistance of different structural configurations and verify compliance with Regulation ECE R29. To simulate the geometry of the main components of an interprovincial bus involved in a frontal impact was made by allocating the material's mechanical properties and boundary conditions to recreate the closest to real event, then was determined that Structural Elements they are more affected during the crash in order to change their characteristics and create models that can be evaluated under the same test conditions. From the obtained models are validated and analyze numerical simulation results in order to find a structural configuration with which none of the components of the body intrudes driver survival space and comply with regulations UNECE R 29.Item Análisis del diseño por el método de elementos finitos de una cuchilla de corte, para la obtención de tiras de caña guadua (bambú)(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica. Maestría en Diseño Mecánico, 2016) Vacacela Miranda, Wilmo Marlon; Carrillo Rosero, Carlos Mauricioresearch is based on simulation by the finite element method of a cutting blade for obtain strip of guadua cane (bamboo), through software ANSYS Workbench LS-DYNA, to guarantee if the desing of the cutting blade perform the main features to wich they were made for. When performing dynamic analysis to verify the cutting blade relative to the guadua cane (bamboo), we proceeded to determine the mechanical properties of the guadua cane (bamboo), in order to obtain the main characteristics of such material and to get trustworthy data to be admitted to the software, moreover, data from the cutting blade material were selected from catalog, being a relevant information in the present research. Static simulations were conductec with both materials of the selected cut blade taking into account the angle of the cutting edge, concave and convex geometries in order to get the most feasible model, then a dynamic analysis determined the best desing with this parameters.