Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica
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Item Optimización de la red de abastecimiento de agua potable de los barrios Santa Rosa, La Florida y Jesús del Gran Poder, cantón Cevallos, provincia de Tungurahua(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Civil, 2025-02) Ramos Moya, Kevin Nicolás; Moya Medina, Dilon GermánCurrently in the Cevallos canton, the water supply in the most remote areas is a future problem due to the growth and dispersion of the population. In addition to this, the constant presence of drinking water leaks has been evidenced, which hinder the normal operation of the system. For this reason, in this project a proposal has been made for the optimization of the water distribution network with specialized software to improve quality and distribution in order to avoid diseases and water waste. The project began with the collection of data to delimit the study area, with the help of the RTK GPS, the elevations of the sector were surveyed, especially of the lowest points of the distribution network and with the municipal staff, meetings were held in the office, field tours, flow measurements in the treatment plant and pressure measurements in various areas of the system. It was then found that both the storage tanks and the treatment plant are in good condition, while the pipes have been 100 percent replaced with PVC in recent years and there are no variations in pressure values. Immediately, the network was modeled in the software in a static and dynamic state, resulting in speed problems mostly in the urban area and pressure problems in remote areas. Now, in the optimization proposal, new pipes were replaced and installed to control the excess speeds and pressure regulating valves were also installed. Finally, the budget was prepared with a value of $296,202.48 with its respective schedule, technical specifications and plans for both the existing network and the optimization proposal.Item Diseño y construcción de un prototipo de turbina tipo tornillo sin fin para la iluminación y electrificación de cercados eléctricos en las comunidades y sectores rurales del cantón Latacunga(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Mecánica, 2024-07) Guilcamaigua Chacon, Bryan Steeven; Yunapanta Velastegui, José LuisDue to the need to improve the energy supply in the rural sectors of the Latacunga canton, it is proposed to carry out the respective design, improving the quality of life of the inhabitants of the sector. In this research, the data obtained from the water channel of the Anrracas sector in the parish of Juan Montalvo in the city of Latacunga were used, taking into account as important data the value obtained from the water flow, the design and mechanical construction of the Archimedes screw type turbine prototype was elaborated, for the realization of this project several scientific articles and investigative documents referring to the subject were used. The construction of the design was made based on the data of the flow of the channel, for this a previous sketch was made in a 3D software simulator of mechanical design, for the proper functioning of the screw in the water was considered an average flow of 0.5 to 1.5 cubic meters per second. The materials for the construction and assembly of the prototype were selected after the analysis of the weight of the screw, dimensions, resistance of the structure, the materials selected for the assembly of both the structure and the turbine are corrosive materials because the turbine prototype will be submerged in water. Once the operation tests were carried out with a multimeter, the voltage measurement was taken, resulting in 13.5 V, and 550 rpm, with the values obtained led lamps were turned on, obtaining an optimal result for the project's functionality.Item Evaluación de la planta de tratamiento de aguas residuales del sector condesan de la parroquia Quisapincha del cantón Ambato de la provincia de Tungurahua(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Civil, 2024-02) Campaña Ávila, Génesis Betsabé; Morales Fiallos, Fabián RodrigoThe treatment plant under study is designed for the treatment of domestic wastewater; however, despite the fact that the WWTP is operational, its operation causes inconvenience to the inhabitants of the surrounding areas and those who pass through the sector, since it emits bad odors, causing environmental pollution. This research was carried out in three stages: the first was a topographic survey of the plant area, which is 586.15 square meters, and data was collected on its components and system (distribution tank, valve box, revision boxes, septic tank, upflow anaerobic filter, sludge drying bed, outlet well). In the second, the maximum wastewater flows of the influent and effluent of the treatment plant for 30 days for 8 hours per day were estimated using a quantitative method, as well as the analysis of the composite sample that was tested in the Quality Control Laboratory of the Public Company EP-EMAPA-A, using qualitative methodology, in order to verify whether the pollutant load of the WWTP complies with the parameters of the TULSMA 2015 regulations, Book VI: Table 8. Discharge limits to the public sewage system and Table 9. Discharge limits to a freshwater body. As a result, an operation and maintenance plan was proposed for the WWTP. It is worth mentioning that the efficiency of the treatment plant is favorable, even though there is no adequate maintenance and cleaning of the area in question.Item Evaluación de la planta de tratamiento de aguas residuales de la comunidad Valle Hermoso Artezón perteneciente al cantón San Pedro de Pelileo, provincia de Tungurahua(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Civil, 2023-09) Atiencia Gavilanez, Javier Mateo; Morales Fiallos, Fabián RodrigoThe Wastewater Treatment Plant from Valle Hermoso Artezón community, surrounded by houses and extensive crop fields, has generated inconvenience to residents due to bad odors and lack of maintenance. Although the plant has shown favorable efficiency in its treatment process, its maintenance has been found to be insufficient. The study of the plant began with the collection of data corresponding to its components (Distributor Tank, Catchment Tank, Septic Tank, Biological Filter, Descending Filter, Sludge Drying Bed). The maximum flows of wastewater were estimated both at the entrance and at the exit of the plant. A composite sample of the influent and the effluent was made, which was tested in the quality control laboratory of the EMAPA Public Company, which allowed determining the pollutant load treated in the plant and was compared with the parameters established in the TULSMA 2015 standard. The analysis of the wastewater treatment procedure at the plant confirmed that it was operating correctly, since the efficiency obtained for each parameter analyzed in the laboratory was positive, indicating that no changes should be made to its treatment train. Additionally, an operation and maintenance plan was established to improve various aspects of the plant, the construction of a cover for the sludge drying bed was proposed, with the aim of guaranteeing its function of dehydrating the sludge that is discharged from the Septic Tank.Item Evaluación de la planta de tratamiento de aguas residuales del sector Playa Grande El Artesón de la parroquia Píllaro, perteneciente al cantón Santiago de Píllaro, de la provincia de Tungurahua.(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Civil, 2023-08) Chicaiza Oña, Josselin Madelaine; Morales Fiallos, Fabián RodrigoNowadays, the great environmental impact caused by the discharge of wastewater without adequate treatment is of utmost importance for society. For this reason, in this experimental work, the evaluation of the existing Wastewater Treatment Plant in the study sector was carried out in order to determine if it is complying with the minimum parameters and the reduction of pollutants. The evaluation of the WWTP began with the collection of field data, then the maximum flow was determined both at the inlet and outlet, obtaining a value of 0.978 L/s in the influent and 0.927 L/s in the effluent, in addition, each treatment unit was measured showing its compliance with the design manuals, a composite sampling of inlet and outlet was taken, which were sent to a laboratory for their respective physicalchemical analysis and heavy metals. With respect to the results obtained based on the analyses and compared with the TULSMA 2015 standard, there is compliance in all parameters, except for ammonia nitrogen and phosphate, indicating the need to implement the species "Eichhornia carssipes" in two of the three upflow anaerobic filters to reduce the removal of these nutrients. Once all the information has been processed, a metal cover on the sludge drying bed and an operation and maintenance manual are proposed to guarantee the correct operation of the WWTP.Item Diseño de una obra de captación para una distribución eficiente de agua del canal de riego Tilulum Darquea en el cantón Ambato, provincia deTungurahua(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Civil, 2023-01) Durán Terán, Luigui Martín; Silva Tipantasig, Lenin GabrielDue to the collection work of the Tilulum Darquea Acequia presents obvious problems in the collection of water for use in irrigation, it was hypothesized that said water did not meet national standards according to book VI of the TULSMA. An evaluation of the current work was carried out, consisting of a technical visit with the tutor teacher, a topographical survey, a bioassay with the use of the collected water, and a physical-chemical and microbiological laboratory analysis of the water. The flow of water and the accumulation of solids were evaluated through topographic data, the impact of the water captured on agricultural products was studied through the bioassay, and the laboratory analyzes were compared with Table 3 of Book VI of the TULSMA. It was determined what defects the current intake had and a remodeling of the work was designed, which consists of: a cut in the land for a more regular flow in the Ambato River and to avoid the accumulation of solids in the catchment area of the ditch, the implementation of a self-cleaning grid for the collection of solids that enter the channel, the design of the intake as a collection window for adequate intake of the corresponding flow, the location of the gate and the design of a wetland for the purification of the effluent.Item Diseño de un sistema de lavado de hortalizas y tubérculos para la comunidad de Angahuana Alto(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Civil, 2021-09) Pazmiño Segovia, Edwin Alfredo; Silva Tipantasig, Lenin GabrielThis research work focuses on the design of a vegetable washing system in the community of Angahuana Alto, where a bibliographic review was carried out in reliable sources in relation to the problem raised that allowed a more specific vision of the parameters of use of water in agriculture, the following methodology was used: field, descriptive and explanatory, with a quantitative approach for calculations in relation to water velocities, using materials and equipment such as: DMM-400 model windlass, Microsoft Excel, Auto CAD Civil 3D software, SOUTH brand total station model A1 2 ”and a Garmin Oregon 600 GPS. According to the aforementioned, the results are focused on the criterion of reuse of irrigation water after its occupation, for which the existing laundry was rebuilt and the necessary hydraulic works were designed for its optimal operation which will help to return the water product of the washing to normal conditions for irrigation use, this in order to guarantee and improve the quality of water for irrigation, thus helping to improve production and the quality of life of the inhabitants of this sector.Item Evaluación de la planta de tratamiento de aguas residuales de la comunidad LLimpe Grande, cantón Quero, provincia de Tungurahua(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Civil, 2021-09) Morales Solano, Fausto Geovanny; Morales Fiallos, Fabián RodrigoThe main objective of this work is to evaluate each component that makes up the wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) of the community of Llimpe Grande, located in the Quero canton, Tungurahua province, in order to determine if the WWTP is working correctly. For the evaluation of the WWTP, it began with the gathering of information on the current state. Based on the work carried out in the field, the maximum wastewater flow rate was determined both at the entrance and at the outlet. In addition, a sampling of the wastewater was carried out, samples that were analyzed by an accredited laboratory in order to determine the pollutant load that is treated in the plant and compare it with the parameters established in the TULSMA 2015 for wastewater discharges into freshwater bodies. The current process (distributor tank, septic tank, FAFA and sludge drying beds) used for the treatment of wastewater was evaluated, which showed that the plant is not working correctly, since the actual removal percentage of the plant is about 23 percent; In addition, that several of its components do not comply with the parameters established in the treatment plant design manuals, for this reason, a new process was incorporated for the treatment of waste water (screening, sand trap, grease tank, septic tank, FAFA and sludge drying bed), in order to achieve a theoretical removal of 90 percent of contaminants present in the wastewater. On the other hand, an operation and maintenance plan for the WWTP is proposed for its proper functioning.Item Diseño de un sistema de alcantarillado sanitario y la planta de tratamiento de aguas residuales para la comunidad Putuimi, parroquia Tarqui, cantón Pastaza, provincia Pastaza(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Civil, 2021-09) Ramírez Lagua, Jessy Elizabeth; Castro Solorzano, Fidel AlbertoThis study has foreseen the improvement of the environmental and sanitary conditions of the inhabitants of the Putuimi community. The proposed sanitary projects for this locality are the implementation of a sanitary sewer system and its respective wastewater treatment plant. The proposed design is of great importance for the residents, who have expressed through a survey the health problems, the need and clamor for a prompt solution to the use and disposal of the waters that are already used. The mechanisms to carry out the present study were through a survey that allowed me to know the needs of the inhabitants. The topographic survey was carried out and with the data obtained the calculations were carried out, which determined the correct design of the project and the plans, using the norms of sewerage networks such as: the INEN Norm and the Design Norm for water supply systems drinking, disposal of excreta and liquid waste in rural areas. The referential budget was prepared, which has a value without VAT, so it must be considered at the time of its execution.Item Diseño y construcción de un sistema para mantener el caudal constante a la entrada de una turbobomba(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Mecánica, 2021-06) Soto Andino, Elvis Geovanny; Carrillo Rosero, Carlos MauricioTechnical project was developed because of the importance of incorporating a system to monitor and control the flow at the inlet of a Pelton turbine turbopump in real time from a specific control point. This system will allow a real flow to be leveled through a motorized valve at any base flow that is within the opening range and keep it constant. The control program was developed in the LabWIEW software, from this program the system could be controlled. For the operation, essential data was provided such as: base flow rate, initial valve opening and run times, the program recorded the data entry in real time, processed and executed the action of opening or closing the valve by energy pulses. The data taken from flow and revolutions jointly with the time data and valve opening percentage generated by the program in each time interval, an Excel file will be stored and exported at the end of the assay. An ultrasonic flowmeter was used to measure and record the flow rate value in the pipeline, these data are sent via Wifi signal to the control point and a Hall sensor to record the revolutions (rpm) on the turbine shaft. The valve takes between 130 and 170 seconds to level to the desired Flow, the installation and operation tests of the equipment were carried out in the "Cal y Piedra" waterfall located in the Mocha Canton.