Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica
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Item Diseño estructural de una vivienda unifamiliar sostenible empleando materiales amigables con el medio ambiente en la parroquia Salasaca(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Civil, 2023-02) Cando Aldás, Edgar Adrián; Ramírez Cabrera, Wladimir JoséIn order to reduce environmental pollution generated by the production of traditional materials used in construction, this paper aims to structurally design a single-family home using environmentally friendly materials, specifically reinforced earth and local materials. A geotechnical study was carried out in the place where the construction design is applied through the SPT test, obtaining soil samples that, when analyzed through the corresponding tests such as: Liquid limit, plastic limit and granulometry, with which the quality of the land was known. and type of soil. Based on the data obtained from the tests carried out, the allowable bearing capacity of the soil was determined. After the analysis of the norms indicated for the design: Norm E.080 Design and construction with subsequent reinforced earth, the geometry of the single-family home, the dimensions of the walls, openings, floor height, foundation and overfoundation will be modified. The modeling of the single-family home was carried out using design software, where it was verified that the home complies with the parameters specified in the NEC-SE-DS 2015 Standard. Finally, the structural plans of the house were prepared and its budget was calculated.Item Análisis de vulnerabilidad sísmica y medición de vibraciones en losas de entrepiso para el reforzamiento estructural del edificio del Centro de Idiomas, campus Huachi Chico de la Universidad Técnica de Ambato(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Civil, 2022-09) Caiza Changoluisa, Jhofre Wilfrido; Cevallos Cabrera, Jorge WashingtonEn el presente proyecto se determinó el grado de vulnerabilidad sísmica del edificio a través de las siguientes metodologías: La primera abarca las metodologías cualitativas: FEMA P-154 que indica un valor S= 2.4 (probabilidad de colapso de 1/251); otra es expuesta en la NEC 2015 que indica un puntaje S= 2.4 (vulnerabilidad media) y la de la Secretaría Nacional de Gestión de Riesgos que presenta un puntaje de 3.2 (vulnerabilidad baja). La segunda abarca las metodologías cuantitativas en las que se realizaron el Análisis Modal Espectral con la configuración de secciones y cargas actuales, obteniendo que no se cumple con los parámetros requeridos por la normativa vigente NEC-SE-DS 2015, por lo que se plantea una propuesta de reforzamiento de la estructura mediante el empleo de arriostramientos en pórticos definidos y el encamisado de columnas específicas de la planta baja, logrando así cumplir los parámetros normativos. Para evaluar la propuesta de reforzamiento se realizó el Análisis Estático No Lineal (Pushover) de donde se obtuvo el punto de desempeño para cada espectro de demanda sísmica empleado (Determinista, NEC 475 y NEC 2500) con lo que se determinó que el edificio reforzado cumple con los requerimientos normativos. Adicionalmente se realizó la medición de vibraciones en losas de entrepiso utilizando la herramienta Walking Vibration de Etabs, donde se definieron senderos críticos para determinar las mayores aceleraciones verticales mediante un análisis lineal tiempohistoria que al comparar con el valor límite que presenta la Guía 11 del AISC se determina que no hay problemas de vibración.Item Análisis de la influencia del modelado de losas por elementos tipo shell y membrana en el diseño estructural de un edificio de 4 pisos, utilizando un software de diseño especializado(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Civil, 2022-06) Acosta Portilla, Darwin José; Navarro Peñaherrera, Carlos PatricioIn the present work we proceeded to the execution of an influence analysis in the modeling between two different types of slab elements, very commonly used in the design of structures with the use of specialized design software, the type of elements to be compared are a shell type slab element and a membrane type slab element, which will be performed through the modeling of a 4-story building, composed of a reinforced concrete material and located in the city of Salcedo. For this type of methodology is based on design standards such as the Ecuadorian construction standard (NEC - 2015), the ACI 314 - 19 code and bibliographies related to structural design space, necessary for the design of structural elements, as for its seismic action. Obtaining as a result in the two types of modeling the vibration period, shear, floor drifts, deflection, settlement and areas of reinforcing steel, which promote good structural performance, simplified in comparison tables, with the help of a design software (Etabs 2018).Item Reducción de la vulnerabilidad sísmica de estructuras ocupacionales de acero en el cantón Ambato(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica. Maestría en Ingeniería Civil con Mención en Estructuras Metálicas, 2022-03) Jiménez López, Geovanny Gabriel; López Villacis, Gonzalo EduardoIn this degree work, a seismic vulnerability study is carried out for two representative structures that constitute the typical occupation given to steel buildings constructed within the urban area of Ambato Canton. These buildings, according to the NEC-2015, are categorized as essential and special type structures respectively. As an initial part, a preliminary design check was performed using the design spectrum prepared according to the standard for this sector, where compliance was reviewed in terms of floor drifts, soft floor and torsion in plan. Subsequently, by means of a nonlinear pushover static analysis, the capacity of the structure and its performance level in the presence of moderate and extreme earthquakes were determined. Likewise, certain influences of the infill masonry used in this type of structures were determined, and finally, according to the performance obtained, a reinforcement was proposed through the use of concentric diagonals and energy dissipaters in order to improve their performance level and avoid their collapse.Item Análisis comparativo de la respuesta estructural y del nivel de desempeño de una edificación de hormigón armado, considerando dos opciones: base rígida e interacción suelo-estructura(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Civil, 2022-01) Quispillo Morocho, Kevin Adrián; Ramírez Cabrera, Wladimir JoséThe objective of this research work is to make a comparison of the structural response and the level of performance of a reinforced concrete structure considering two options: rigid base and soil-structure interaction (ISE). For the traditional rigid base model, the displacements and turns at the base of the structure are considered null, while for the soil-structure interaction model, two models were applied: one proposed by the scientist Barkan; and another proposed by the scientist Sarsgian. To evaluate the structure response of the building, a modal linear analysis was carried out following what is specified by the NEC-15, and it was obtained that when considering the effect of soil flexibility, an increase in the vibration period of up to 30.3 percent and an increase of up to 39 percent in maximum floor drifts compared to the rigid base model. In addition, other structural comparison parameters have been taken, such as the forces that occur in beam and column elements. The level of structural performance has been obtained by performing a static non-linear analysis following methodologies described in ATC-40 and FEMA-440, and applying the structural performance evaluation provided by the Vision 2000 Committee, where it was found that when considering the ISE The building under study does not have sufficient capacity to face seismic threats, contrasting what was obtained with the rigid base model, which does meet the expected structural performance levels.Item Análisis comparativo del desempeño sísmico en edificos de hormigón de mediana altura aplicando riostras de pandeo restringido en la ciudad de Ambato(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Civil, 2021-09) Zamora Altamirano, Julio Santiago; Peñafiel Valla, Lourdes GabrielaFor this research work we proceeded to perform a comparative analysis of the structural behavior for two types of systems: conventional and with the application of a modern system of seismic dissipation, in an 11-story building consisting of two elevators in an area of 400 square meters; The structure is located in the city of Ambato and was classified in special using the Ecuadorian Construction Standard. The methodology of a Pushover nonlinear static analysis was used to evaluate the performance of each proposed structural system based on a rare earthquake, which is usually the design earthquake with a return period of 475 years with a 10 percent probability of exceedance in 50 years. For the design of the structural elements of the building, as well as for the seismic dissipation system, national and international standards such as the Ecuadorian Construction Standard (NEC 2015), American Society Of Civil Engineers (ASCE 7-16, ACSE 41-13), American Institute Of Steel Constructions (AISC 341-16) were used. Giving us as results the displacements, floor drifts, system energy, behavior and performance levels of the two types of structures with the help of ETABS 2016 software.Item Análisis de vulnerabilidad y reforzamiento del edificio de la Facultad de Ingeniería en Sistemas, Electrónica e Industrial de la Universidad Técnica de Ambato mediante la medición de vibraciones.(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Civil, 2021-09) Barreno Sánchez, Ivette Thalía; Cevallos Cabrera, Jorge WashingtonThe evaluation of the degree of seismic vulnerability of the structure was carried out by using two methodologies. The qualitative one where a quick visual inspection was carried out with the use of matrices proposed by FEMA 154, the NEC 2015 standard and the National Secretariat for Risk Management, with which a high vulnerability was determined with the first two matrices, while with the third a low vulnerability for which it is highlighted that a more detailed evaluation is needed. With the information collected through the use of these matrices and in situ tests, a more complete and detailed study was elaborated; Therefore, with the quantitative methodology with a linear analysis, the vibration period and the floor drifts that comply with the provisions of the NEC were obtained, in addition a non-linear or Pushover analysis was presented where it was observed that the structure presents a performance capacity according to the specifications of the standard with a level of Life Safety. With the vibration method proposed by the AISC guide 11, it was determined that it complies with and falls within the limits established in the aforementioned standard. Finally, it was established that the structure is stable and complies with the guidelines of the standard in the event of a seismic event, so it is not necessary to reinforce the structure.