Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica
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Item Evaluación del funcionamiento de la planta de Tratamiento de aguas residuales del sector valle Mulinliví de la parroquia la victoria, perteneciente al Cantón Pujilí, provincia de Cotopaxi(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Civil, 2024-02) Veintimilla Herrera, Marcos Adán; Cañizares Proaño, Byron GenaroThe present experimental work is focused on the evaluation of the correct operation of the Wastewater Treatment Plant (WWTP), located in the parish of La Victoria; for which the national and international regulations in force were used, since the treated water flows into a dry creek located in an area that is undergoing population and commercial growth. First, a general information survey was carried out: location, on-site visits, etc. In addition to the aforementioned, flow measurements were taken in the influent and effluent for 30 consecutive days, using the concepts and techniques recommended by Metcalf & Eddy. It was also necessary to collect composite samples in the inflow and outflow using the standards and techniques established in the Standard Methods for the Analysis of Drinking and Waste Water (SMWW); to transport the samples to a laboratory using the NTE INEN 2 169:1998 standard. With the results obtained in the laboratory, which gives us to know the physical, chemical and biological properties of the water under study, we proceeded to compare with the limits allowed by the TULSMA to discharge treated water into a body of fresh water, complemented with a technical analysis of the dimensions of the existing treatment units, with the minimum design parameters recommended by CONAGUA and PAHO, viable alternatives are proposed, which generate a solution to the treatment system, such as implementing: A split tank with bypass, a FAFA and a sludge drying bed.Item Diseño del alcantarillado sanitario, para mejorar la calidad de vida de la comunidad el Santuario, del cantón Quero, provincia de Tungurahua(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Civil, 2022-09) Balladares Freire, Kevin Eduardo; Núñez Aldás, Galo WilfridoEl presente Proyecto Técnico acerca del diseño del sistema de alcantarillado sanitario con su respectiva planta de tratamiento, radica desde la necesidad de los habitantes de la comunidad El Santuario del cantón Quero, ya que poseen un antiguo e inadecuado sistema de eliminación de excretas, por lo que fue imperioso aportar con el diseño de este servicio básico para dicha comunidad. Se obtuvo datos topográficos mediante un equipo topográfico de precisión RTK Trimble R9. Se tomaron alrededor de 828 puntos con sus respectivas alturas del trazado de la vía y del terreno destinado donde se estudió ubicar la planta de tratamiento de aguas residuales. La red de alcantarillado sanitario y planta de tratamiento se lo diseñó para un periodo de diseño de 25 años y una población futura de 395 habitantes, en un área aproximada de 12.32 hectáreas. Se consideró en el diseño el uso de tubería estructurada de diámetro nominal de 200 milímetros Novafort de la empresa Plastigama, para una longitud total de 3,766.06 metros para los cuales se verificó que cumpla encada tramo los parámetros máximos y mínimos estipulados por la Senagua. El caudal con el que se diseñó la planta de tratamiento fue de 4.02 litros por segundo. Esta planta consta de elementos como: rejilla, desarenador, tanque Imhoff, lecho de secados, y filtro anaerobio de flujo ascendente (FAFA), los que en conjunto ayudará al tratamiento del agua residual.Item Evaluación de la planta de tratamiento de aguas residuales Mollepamba de la parroquia Picaihua, cantón Ambato, provincia de Tungurahua(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Civil, 2022-07) Llamuca Galeas, Christian Daniel; Morales Fiallos, Fabián RodrigoThe present work was conducted to establish if the wastewater treatment plant “Mollepamba” is performing the task for which it was designed and built. The evaluation of the Wastewater Treatment Plant (WWTP) began with the collection of information regarding its current units (Sandblaster, Primary Sedimentation Tank and Anaerobic Up flow filter). The maximum, average and minimum flows of entry to the plant were also determined and the collection of samples of the wastewater form both the affluent and the effluent were conducted for subsequent laboratory analysis. Once the results of the analysis were obtained, the incorrect functioning of the WWTP could be observed, since the values of the effluent parameters exceeded the maximum permissible stipulated in the TULSMA 2015 for the discharge of wastewater into freshwater bodies, in addition, in many cases, the pollutant load of the effluent was also greater than that of the affluent. On the other hand, after verifying the sizing of the current units of the WWTP, it was determined that these do not fulfill the minimum conditions and requirements stipulated in current regulations and design manuals. With the aim of improving the performance of the “Mollepamba” WWTP, a resizing of its units and the incorporation of other elements such as an input grid is proposed, a Parshall canal and a sludge drying bed, which will help reduce the pollutant load that reaches the receiving body (Pachanlica River).Item Evaluación de la planta de tratamiento de aguas residuales de la parroquia Moraspungo, cantón Pangua, provincia de Cotopaxi(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Civil, 2022-03) Carrasco Lozada, David Sebastián; Maldonado Narváez, Lenin RafaelThe purpose of this experimental work was to evaluate the operation of the wastewater treatment plant built on the banks of the Piñanato River. To begin the evaluation work, the necessary information was gathered, such as the socioeconomic activity of the population of Moraspungo, the location of the WWTP, the area it occupies, the population it serves, the treatment units of the WWTP, among others. Subsequently, an in situ work was carried out starting to measure the treatment units, the gauging of inflow and outflow through the volumetric method to determine the day and time of the most critical scenario, and take samples, which in the laboratory analysis showed results that some physical-chemical parameters do not comply with the provisions of the TULSMA standard for discharges into freshwater bodies, especially the following two parameters: Surfactants and True Color. Once all the necessary data had been collected and all the theoretical sizing calculations for each of the treatment units had been made, it was deduced that the FAFA was not working properly, in addition to the evidence of cracks in the septic tank.Item Evaluación de la planta de tratamiento de aguas residuales de la parroquia San Andrés, cantón Píllaro provincia Tungurahua(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Civil, 2022-03) Tamay Chiluiza, Karina Belén; Núñez Aldás, Galo WilfridoIn the present experimental work, the evaluation was carried out in order to determine if the treated water that is discharged into the river complies with the TULSMA 2015 standard, which is why it began with the gathering of the information of the entire sector where the PTAR; Data collection on the effluent and effluent flows was carried out, the residual water was sampled at the entry and exit points to the PTAR for the analysis of the physical-chemical characteristics that were processed in a laboratory. Subsequently, a comparison was made with the water discharge parameters established by TULSMA 2015 where it was possible to verify that the Biochemical Oxygen Demand (DBO) and the Chemical Oxygen Demand (DQO) do not comply with the provisions of current regulations, for so it was decided to look for a proposal that would allow to improve the mentioned parameters. With the results obtained, an analysis was carried out according to the degree of actual removal to perform a recalculation of its geometric properties in order to give a definitive diagnosis of the current state of the PTAR and it was found that they allow to improve the BOD and COD of the water treated before final discharge, which includes: screening, sand trap, inhoff tank, trickling filter, fafa, sludge drying bed and a disinfection plant. Additionally, an operation and maintenance plan was implemented that efficiently fulfills the purpose for which said PTAR was designed.Item Evaluación de la planta de tratamiento de aguas residuales de la parroquia totoras, cantón Ambato, provincia de Tungurahua(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Civil, 2022-03) Pico Freire, Doris Karina; Castro Solorzano, Fidel AlbertoIn the present experimental work, the evolution of the wastewater treatment plant of the Totoras parish belonging to the Ambato Canton was carried out, with the purpose of determining the current state of both its structure and the quality of treated water that it discharges into the Pachanlica River. The evaluation of the PTAR began with an analysis of the population in which it intervenes, the socio-economic activities of the parish and the year in which it was created. The hours in which there was greater and lower flow of both input and output of the PTAR were determined, the data obtained were tabulated through the use of Excel software in which the information was represented in the form of graphs, in addition it was possible to determine the physico-chemical properties presented by the water of both the tributary and the effluent through tests in a specialized laboratory in order to determine the composition of the water residual. The physical units were evaluated (Grids, Sandblaster, RAFA, FAFA and sludge drying bed) which presented fissures, cracks, concrete detachment and landslide that endangered the tank of arrival of the wastewater, on the other hand, two of its units that are of vital importance such as the grids and the sludge drying bed did not meet the parameters established in the design manuals of the treatment plants. Finally, with the evaluation carried out, an operational improvement plan was developed for the PTAR.Item Evaluación de la planta de tratamiento de aguas residuales de la comunidad LLimpe Grande, cantón Quero, provincia de Tungurahua(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Civil, 2021-09) Morales Solano, Fausto Geovanny; Morales Fiallos, Fabián RodrigoThe main objective of this work is to evaluate each component that makes up the wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) of the community of Llimpe Grande, located in the Quero canton, Tungurahua province, in order to determine if the WWTP is working correctly. For the evaluation of the WWTP, it began with the gathering of information on the current state. Based on the work carried out in the field, the maximum wastewater flow rate was determined both at the entrance and at the outlet. In addition, a sampling of the wastewater was carried out, samples that were analyzed by an accredited laboratory in order to determine the pollutant load that is treated in the plant and compare it with the parameters established in the TULSMA 2015 for wastewater discharges into freshwater bodies. The current process (distributor tank, septic tank, FAFA and sludge drying beds) used for the treatment of wastewater was evaluated, which showed that the plant is not working correctly, since the actual removal percentage of the plant is about 23 percent; In addition, that several of its components do not comply with the parameters established in the treatment plant design manuals, for this reason, a new process was incorporated for the treatment of waste water (screening, sand trap, grease tank, septic tank, FAFA and sludge drying bed), in order to achieve a theoretical removal of 90 percent of contaminants present in the wastewater. On the other hand, an operation and maintenance plan for the WWTP is proposed for its proper functioning.Item Evaluación de la planta de tratamiento de aguas residuales de la parroquia el Corazón, cantón Pangue, provincia Cotopaxi(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Civil, 2021-09) Pillapa Ponluisa, Jorge Daniel; Maldonado Narváez, Lenin RafaelIn the present experimental work, the evaluation was carried out in order to determine if the treated water that is discharged into the river complies with the TULSMA 2015 standard, which is why it began with the gathering of the information of the entire sector where the WWTP; Data collection on the effluent and effluent flows was carried out, the residual water was sampled at the entry and exit points to the WWTP for the analysis of the physical-chemical characteristics that were processed in a laboratory. Subsequently, a comparison was made with the water discharge parameters established by TULSMA 2015 where it was possible to verify that the Biochemical Oxygen Demand (DBO) and the Chemical Oxygen Demand (DQO) do not comply with the provisions of current regulations, for so it was decided to look for a proposal that would allow to improve the mentioned parameters. With the results obtained, an analysis was carried out according to the degree of actual removal to perform a recalculation of its geometric properties in order to give a definitive diagnosis of the current state of the WWTP and it was found that they allow to improve the BOD and COD of the water treated before final discharge, which includes: screening, sand trap, inhoff tank, trickling filter, fafa, sludge drying bed and a disinfection plant. Additionally, an operation and maintenance plan was implemented that efficiently fulfills the purpose for which said WWTP was designed.