Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica
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Item Correlación entre el CBR, DCP, propiedades índice y mecánicas en suelos de la parroquia Isinliví y Chugchilán del cantón Sigchos, provincia de Cotopaxi.(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Civil, 2024-08) Gallardo Castañeda, María Paula; Peñafiel Valla, Lourdes GabrielaThis experimental work arises due to the limited existing information on soil analysis in the sector. Recognizing that such characteristics are crucial for the planning and execution of construction projects, a soil analysis was conducted in the parishes of Isinliví and Chugchilán, located in the Sigchos canton, Cotopaxi province. The results of this analysis will provide a comprehensive understanding of the existing correlations. To establish significant relationships, an exhaustive analysis was performed on 12 soil samples extracted from the study area. These samples were subsequently subjected to both field and laboratory tests. Once the results were obtained, they were tabulated and analyzed; this data allowed for the establishment of correlations between various soil characteristics, providing detailed insights into their properties.In the subsequent correlation analysis between the different tests, 22 significant correlations were identified, with determination coefficients ranging from Good to Excellent. Notably, the correlation between the California Bearing Ratio (CBR) and the natural moisture content yielded a coefficient of 72.27, which was utilized in the pavement design process. Finally, a traffic study was conducted in the area to formulate a flexible pavement design proposal. The CBR values employed were derived from both laboratory tests and those obtained through the correlations, confirming their suitability for application in the pavement design phase.Item Análisis comparativo del material proveniente de las minas “Explendor”, “La Ponderosa” y cantera “Tierra Prometida” de la provincia de Chimborazo utilizado para la elaboración de base y subbase en la construcción de carreteras(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Civil, 2024-08) Aguachela Paucar, Edison Adrian; Bayas Altamirano, Myriam MarisolIt is important to note that in Ecuador, influenced by United States trade policies, the construction of high-quality roads has been common since ancient times. From then until the present, the road network has expanded due to the increase in population and commercial activities. This expansion has created the need to assess the characteristics of the materials used in the construction of these infrastructures. In this study, the quality of materials extracted from the Explendor, La Ponderosa, and Tierra Prometida mines was evaluated through a comparative analysis of performance and mechanical properties for the development of bases and sub-bases in road construction. This study was characterized by an experimental approach involving the direct evaluation and testing of the physical and mechanical properties of these mines and quarries in the province of Chimborazo. The results of the analysis show that most of the materials from the mines meet the standards established by the Ministry of Public Works (MOP); however, La Ponderosa does not meet the requirements for the abrasion of base material, as the obtained value (44 percent) exceeds the permissible limit (40 percent). Additionally, it has been verified that the materials comply with CBR values of more than 80 percent for bases and more than 30 percent for sub-bases. It is recommended to use material from Explendor deposits for projects requiring high mechanical strength and durability of bases and sub-bases.Item Análisis de las correlaciones entre el CBR, DCP, propiedades índice y mecánicas en suelos de la parroquia Sigchos del cantón Sigchos, provincia de Cotopaxi(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Civil, 2024-02) Garces Oñate, Christian Ariel; Pérez Maldonado, Ruth LorenaThe present experimental research work corresponds to a macroproject on correlations between the physical and mechanical properties of the soils of the province of Cotopaxi, by carrying out field and laboratory tests from representative soil samples, with the main objective of establishing empirical equations that, applied effectively, allow finding the properties of the soil based on other properties of the same in order to save time and money in carrying out essential tests for the design of pavements. The study area is included in the Sigchos parish belonging to the Sigchos canton, province of Cotopaxi, the experimental work was developed through phases, starting from a preliminary phase in which a technical inspection of the study area was carried out and established the sampling points, once the preliminary phase was completed, we continued with phase 1 in which the different soil tests were carried out in order to determine its index and mechanical properties, to continue with the phase 2 of carrying out the correlations between the results of the properties found, obtaining a total of twenty-four correlations with coefficients of determination between 68 and 98 percent, considered acceptable from 50 percent onwards. Finally, the results found from the laboratory CBR and the correlations are applied in the design of a flexible pavement for one of the roads studied, in order to demonstrate the applicability of the results of this experimental work.Item Correlación entre CBR, DCP, propiedades índice y mecánicas en los suelos de la parroquia La Maná del cantón La Maná, provincia de Cotopaxi(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Civil, 2024-02) Pérez Camino, Erick Joel; Peñafiel Valla, Lourdes GabrielaThe presence of ballasted roads in the province of Cotopaxi in need of asphalt is evident; however, the existing database on the index and mechanical properties of the soils is insufficient. For the benefit of La Maná parish and areas with similar soil characteristics, the purpose of the experimental work is to find correlations between the mentioned properties and apply them to the design of flexible pavement. Four roads, located in different areas of the parish were identified. Test pits were made, removing the existing vegetative layer, followed by the extraction of 12 soil samples of approximately 50 kilograms at each identified points, field tests were carried out, and the samples were taken to be tested in the laboratories of the Civil Engineering department, respecting AASHTO and ASTM standards. Considering the results obtained from the tests, simple correlations were performed through regression analysis, and multiple correlations were established using the least squares method. Only correlations exceeding 70 percent, classified as good, were selected. As a result, 22 correlations between index and mechanical properties of the soils were determined, with correlation coefficients ranging from 0.7021 to 0.9538. Finally, a flexible pavement was designed for the rural areas of the parish, resulting in 6.5cm for the asphalt layer, 10cm for the base, and 15cm for the sub – base, with the CBR value obtained in the laboratory and by correlation.Item Correlación entre CBR, DCP, propiedades índice y mecánicas en los suelos de las parroquias Guasaganda y Pucayacu del cantón La Maná, provincia de Cotopaxi(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Civil, 2024-02) Pazmiño Viera, María Fernanda; Peñafiel Valla, Lourdes GabrielaThe provinces of Guasaganda and Pucayacu belonging to the La Maná canton, being sectors far from the main axis, have roads that do not ensure correct vehicular circulation due to the lack of information on the properties of the soil. For this reason, the present research work seeks to expand the database of said soils and in this way determine a magnitude between the California Bearing Ratio (CBR) test and the Dynamic Cone Penetration (DCP) test, since they are factors that have a direct impact. with the design of flexible pavements. The investigative project consists of 3 phases where it started from a preliminary study of the area, the excavation of 12 pits and the extraction of approximately 50 kilograms, thus executing in situ tests such as the Cone and Sand and DCP in accordance with the stipulated regulations. Following this, the index and mechanical properties were developed through tests carried out in the laboratory, to later comply with phase 2, which corresponded to the determination of different correlations between tests, where a reliability coefficient of 55.68 percent was obtained in the compensation between CBR and DCP are a moderate range of acceptance. These CBR values obtained in compression and in the laboratory made it possible to apply them in two preliminary designs of the flexible pavement where it was verified that, since there was no greater variability in percentages, the pavement design consisted of the same thicknesses, 5 cm for layer. asphalt, 15 cm for base and 20 cm for subbase.Item Análisis de las correlaciones entre el CBR, DCP, propiedades índice y mecánicas en suelos de la provincia de Cotopaxi; del cantón Latacunga; parroquia Mulaló(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Civil, 2023-09) Viscarra Nájera, Bryan Alexander; Chérrez Gavilanes, Diego SebastiánThe investigative work is contemplated within a macro project belonging to the parishes of the Cotopaxi province, whose purpose is to establish correlations between the index and mechanical properties based on the CBR and DCP tests, to obtain CBR values of the soil, but in function of these properties, thus speeding up the execution time of the laboratory test and optimizing costs in them. For this, field tests were carried out, which were: open pit (test pits), field density by the Ottawa sand-cone method and DCP; Regarding the laboratory tests carried out, it is detailed: moisture content, granulometry, specific gravity, Atterberg limits, modified supervisor type B and CBR. Once the tests were completed, the results were tabulated and then used in the elaboration of the correlations. In total, 20 correlations were obtained, of which 15 were carried out with simple regression methods (linear, polynomial, logarithmic) and 5 with the method of least squares (for correlations with 3 variables); these correlations have a degree of compensation greater than 50 percent, which is statistically considered acceptable. To complete the project, the flexible pavement design was carried out with the CBR calculated in the laboratory, as well as the CBR obtained by the previously generated correlations, as a result of which similar dimensions were obtained in the structural package of the pavement with the two values of CBR.Item Correlación entre el CBR, DCP, propiedades índice y mecánicas en suelos de la parroquia Alaquez y Joseguango bajo del cantón Latacunga, provincia de Cotopaxi(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Civil, 2023-08) Amán Chicaiza, Karina Lizbeth; Aldás Sánchez, Milton RodrigoThe present research work belongs to a macro project that is being carried out in the province of Cotopaxi, which seeks to determine empirical equations through correlations between CBR, DCP and index and mechanical properties of representative soil samples from different parishes belonging to each of the cantons that make up the province of Cotopaxi, This is done so that these equations allow to obtain an approximate value of the properties of the soil, which would mean a saving of time and money in the realization of tests. This experimental work was developed through phases, starting from a preliminary study, where the study area was identified and the points from which the representative soil samples of the Alaquez and Joséguango Bajo parishes were extracted, based on that information the first phase was carried out that includes the execution of field and laboratory tests of the 12 soil samples extracted, followed by the second phase in which different correlations were determined between the soil properties found obtaining values of determination coefficients between 50 and 100 percent. Subsequently, a flexible pavement design was made for a rural road with the CBR obtained through the correlations and the one obtained in the laboratory. Finally, the studied samples were zoned and classified based on the results obtained through granulometry tests, Atterberg limits and SUCS and AASHTO standards.Item Análisis de las correlaciones entre el CBR, DCP, propiedades índice y mecánicas en suelos de las parroquias Guaytacama y Toacaso del cantón Latacunga, provincia de Cotopaxi(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Civil, 2023-03) Paredes Ponluisa, Christel Sofia; López Arboleda, Alex GustavoThe purpose of this experimental research work is to analyze the types of soils existing in the Guaytacama and Toacaso parishes, starting from field and laboratory tests, up to the analysis of the results and the existing correlations between their different index and mechanical properties. , so that data such as the field CBR can be obtained, a parameter that is used for the preliminary design of pavements. This research work was carried out in a series of phases built by different processes, the first phase includes the collection and testing, where 12 samples were extracted in random places of collecting roads, to obtain these samples the PCA technique was used, followed by study and analysis both in the field and in the laboratory. Later in the second phase, the different correlations were elaborated, providing determination coefficients between 50 and 96 percent, the best equation was chosen based on the highest determination coefficient. The results obtained through the correlations serve to carry out preliminary pavement designs, this drives phase three of this work, which was the design of a flexible pavement of a road chosen based on the greatest need of the inhabitants, using one of the correlations made, finally there is phase four where the classification of the soils of the study parishes was carried out based on the AASHTO and SUCS standards, this classification was captured on a map with the help of the ArcGIS software..Item Análisis comparativo del material proveniente de las minas: “Kumochi”, “Los Muelles” y “Cantera El Salvador” del cantón Ambato utilizado para la elaboración de base y subbase en la construcción de carreteras(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Civil, 2023-03) Aldas Ramos, Alexis Emilio; López Arboleda, Alex GustavoDue to the state of the roads of the Ambato Canton in general, the initiative arose to study in depth the construction of the same, since the construction process of a road generally involves three layers, which in turn are composed of material from the different qualified mines of the canton. From the material selected from these mines, samples of fine aggregate (washed sand) and coarse aggregate (screened gravel) were taken with which laboratory tests were carried out that determined their index properties (natural humidity, Atterberg limits, granulometry, modified Proctor and relative density), the California Bearing Ratio test to determine the bearing capacity, tests to determine the physical and mechanical properties (strength of the aggregates and resistance to abrasion) and the assay to determine the percentage of fractured faces of the coarse aggregate; where the material of the mine "El Salvador" was as the one with better characteristics in addition to having a lower cost per cubic meter; however, the aggregates from the "Kumochi" and "Los Muelles" mines also met the quality standards stipulated by the Ecuadorian Road Standard; In addition, the aggregates of all the mines presented normal values according to their type.Item Análisis de las correlaciones entre el CBR, DCP, propiedades índice y mecánicas en los suelos de las parroquias: la victoria y Pujilí, cantón Pujilí, provincia de Cotopaxi(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Civil, 2023-03) Ibarra Bombon, Alison Monserrath; Portilla Yandún, Favio PaúlThe lack of information on the type of soil in a place slows down the construction process, so expanding the database of roads guarantees a guide for the preliminary design of pavements. The present experimental work aims to determine the correlation between the CBR, DCP, index and mechanical properties of the Pujilí and La Victoria parishes, belonging to the Pujilí canton, Cotopaxi province. The tests carried out in the field were: field density (cone and sand) and DCP, while the laboratory tests with a sample of approximately 50 kg for each point were: Atterberg limits, specific gravity, moisture content, granulometry, compaction and CBR. Each of these tests were carried out in accordance with AASHTO standards. Once the results of the respective field and laboratory tests were obtained, the analysis of both simple and multiple correlations between the different soil properties was carried out in order to determine the soil characteristics. Finally, a traffic study was carried out for the structural design of the flexible pavement of one of the roads where representative soil samples were taken. The CBR values used were those obtained from the laboratory and from the correlations obtained.