Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica
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Item Análisis de las propiedades mecánicas de la madera de pino (Pinus Patula Schltdl. & Cham), provenientes de la provincia de Cotopaxi y su factibilidad como material estructural de acuerdo con la norma ecuatoriana de la construcción 2015 (NEC 2015)(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Civil, 2025-02) Toaquiza Chiguano, Patricio Orlando; Ureña Aguirre, Maritza ElizabethThis study analyzes the mechanical properties of pine wood (Pinus patula Schltdl. & Cham) from the province of Cotopaxi, Ecuador, evaluating its viability as a structural material according to the Ecuadorian Construction Standard (NEC 2015). In addition to providing technical data, the aim is to promote the use of sustainable local materials in construction, so that pine wood from this region can be used as a structural material in light and sustainable constructions, standing out as an economical and ecological alternative to traditional materials. The methodology was structured in four clearly defined phases. Initially, the extraction of samples from the mentioned area was carried out. Subsequently, specimens were prepared strictly following the guidelines of ASTM D 143-94, which guaranteed the standardization of the tests. Finally, mechanical tests (tensile, compression and flexural) were carried out in specialized laboratories in order to obtain accurate and reproducible data. Additionally, the results were compared with the minimum requirements demanded by the NEC 2015, ensuring a comprehensive and rigorous approach in the evaluation. Thus, the results classify pine wood as low-strength structural. The basic and dry densities of air were 0.44 g/cm3 and 0.57 g/cm3, respectively. Thus, in tension, the modulus of elasticity (MOE) reached 12845.72 MPa, and the allowable stress 11.9 MPa. In compression, the MOE was 1834.8 MPa and the allowable stress was 13.7 MPa. In flexure, the MOE was 5519.60 MPa and the allowable stress was 11.81 MPa. For this reason, these values place it in groups “B” and “C” according to the NEC 2015, highlighting its potential for specific applications within the construction field.Item Evaluación del comportamiento de las propiedades mecánicas del asfalto utilizando ceniza de cáscara de nuez con asfalto reciclado(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Civil, 2025-02) Viteri Lascano, Ana Michelle; Guevara Robalino, Jorge JavierThe incorporation of recycled materials in asphalt mixtures represents an innovative and sustainable alternative to reduce global pollution, aiming to offer benefits both in pavement quality and environmental preservation. This approach also contributes to waste reduction, optimizes the use of natural resources, and promotes more environmentally friendly and responsible construction practices in the long term. This process was developed in three stages. In the first, the appropriate site for collecting materials was selected. In the second, the materials were subjected to various tests, such as granulometry, abrasion, the Rice test, and the Marshall method, in order to evaluate their properties of stability, flow, air voids, and asphalt-filled voids. For the design, walnut shell ash and RAP were added, using optimal asphalt contents of 5.5, 6.0, and 6.5 percent. The walnut shell ash partially replaced the fine aggregate passing through the No. 4 sieve, while RAP partially replaced the intermediate aggregate of 3/8, passing through the half-inch sieve and being retained on the No. 4 sieve. Thus, walnut shell ash and RAP were incorporated in proportions of 7 percent ash – 10 percent RAP, 10 percent ash – 20 percent RAP, and 13 percent ash – 30 percent RAP. In the third phase, a comparative analysis of the modified asphalt mixtures and the conventional mixture was conducted using the Marshall method criteria. The results showed that, by incorporating walnut shell ash and RAP in the mentioned proportions, most of the tests did not meet the mechanical property ranges of the mixture compared to the traditional one, concluding that the modified mixture does not outperform the conventional one in terms of resistance, durability, and environmental sustainability.Item Análisis de las propiedades mecánicas de la madera de ciprés (CUPRESSUS), provenientes de la provincia de Tungurahua y su factibilidad como material estructural de acuerdo a la norma ecuatoriana de la construcción 2015 (NEC 2015)(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Civil, 2025-02) Delgado Lucio, Mario Eduardo; Ureña Aguirre, Maritza ElizabethThe present experimental study aims to provide precise and detailed data on the mechanical properties of cypress wood, with a focus on its behavior under perpendicular bending to the grain and parallel tensile forces to the grain. The wood samples used in the tests were obtained from three specific locations: the Cárcel and Macasto sawmills in the Ambato canton and a sawmill in the Quero canton, all located in the province of Tungurahua. This approach allowed for an assessment of the influence of the wood's origin on its mechanical properties. To develop the tests, a survey of the sawmills and their respective mechanical properties, such as load capacity, modulus of elasticity, and allowable stress, was conducted as an initial methodological step to identify representative sources of cypress wood in Tungurahua province. The tests were carried out following the guidelines of ASTM A143-94, which establishes procedures for specimen preparation and testing. Five specimens were manufactured for each type of mechanical test, resulting in a total of 30 samples analyzed. Additionally, physical properties, such as moisture content in green and dry states, were evaluated in accordance with the specifications of NTE INEN 896 (2013). This ensured uniform initial conditions of the samples, a critical factor in obtaining reliable results. In the mechanical tests, the modulus of elasticity and allowable stresses were determined using the formulas established in ASTM D198. The results showed that cypress wood exhibits suitable mechanical properties for structural applications, particularly in perpendicular bending to the grain. In this regard, the wood from the Cárcel, Macasto, and Quero sawmills stood out for its remarkable resistance. However, the results for parallel tensile forces were lower than the requirements for demanding structural applications. In conclusion, cypress wood is a viable option for structures subjected to bending stresses, provided its limitations in parallel tension are considered. This highlights the importance of carefully selecting its use based on the demands of the structural design.Item Análisis de las propiedades mecánicas de la madera de canelo proveniente de la ciudad del Puyo provincia de Pastaza y su factibilidad como material estructural de acuerdo con la norma Ecuatoriana de la Construcción 2015 (NEC 2015)(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Civil, 2024-08) Ponce Romero, Carlos Andrés; Bayas Altamirano, Myriam MarisolThe objective of this experimental work is to provide information on the mechanical properties of canelo wood (perpendicular bending and traction parallel to the fiber) from the urban parish: Puyo, and the rural parishes: El Triunfo, Veracruz and Tarqui, province of Pastaza, and reveal the maximum stress, modulus of elasticity and resistance to parallel traction and perpendicular bending to the grain that this type of wood presents. The research was based on the ASTM D143-94 regulations for the preparation of the test pieces, in which 6 samples were made for each test and both physical and mechanical properties were determined. In the physical tests, the moisture content was determined in the green or freshly cut state and dry state, which complies with the parameters given by the NTE INEN 896 (2013) standard, while for the mechanical tests the elastic modulus and the admissible stresses in axial bending and parallel traction of each of the parish specimens, governed by the formulas established by the ASTM D198 standard. According to the results of the analyzes given of the 48 samples of canelo wood, it was established that this type of wood can be used as a structural material, since its calculated mechanical properties gave significant values, taking into consideration that the wood Coming from the Puyo urban parish, it had better resistance in parallel traction and perpendicular bending to the fiber.Item Correlación entre el CBR, DCP, propiedades índice y mecánicas en suelos de la parroquia Isinliví y Chugchilán del cantón Sigchos, provincia de Cotopaxi.(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Civil, 2024-08) Gallardo Castañeda, María Paula; Peñafiel Valla, Lourdes GabrielaThis experimental work arises due to the limited existing information on soil analysis in the sector. Recognizing that such characteristics are crucial for the planning and execution of construction projects, a soil analysis was conducted in the parishes of Isinliví and Chugchilán, located in the Sigchos canton, Cotopaxi province. The results of this analysis will provide a comprehensive understanding of the existing correlations. To establish significant relationships, an exhaustive analysis was performed on 12 soil samples extracted from the study area. These samples were subsequently subjected to both field and laboratory tests. Once the results were obtained, they were tabulated and analyzed; this data allowed for the establishment of correlations between various soil characteristics, providing detailed insights into their properties.In the subsequent correlation analysis between the different tests, 22 significant correlations were identified, with determination coefficients ranging from Good to Excellent. Notably, the correlation between the California Bearing Ratio (CBR) and the natural moisture content yielded a coefficient of 72.27, which was utilized in the pavement design process. Finally, a traffic study was conducted in the area to formulate a flexible pavement design proposal. The CBR values employed were derived from both laboratory tests and those obtained through the correlations, confirming their suitability for application in the pavement design phase.Item Análisis comparativo del material proveniente de las minas “Explendor”, “La Ponderosa” y cantera “Tierra Prometida” de la provincia de Chimborazo utilizado para la elaboración de base y subbase en la construcción de carreteras(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Civil, 2024-08) Aguachela Paucar, Edison Adrian; Bayas Altamirano, Myriam MarisolIt is important to note that in Ecuador, influenced by United States trade policies, the construction of high-quality roads has been common since ancient times. From then until the present, the road network has expanded due to the increase in population and commercial activities. This expansion has created the need to assess the characteristics of the materials used in the construction of these infrastructures. In this study, the quality of materials extracted from the Explendor, La Ponderosa, and Tierra Prometida mines was evaluated through a comparative analysis of performance and mechanical properties for the development of bases and sub-bases in road construction. This study was characterized by an experimental approach involving the direct evaluation and testing of the physical and mechanical properties of these mines and quarries in the province of Chimborazo. The results of the analysis show that most of the materials from the mines meet the standards established by the Ministry of Public Works (MOP); however, La Ponderosa does not meet the requirements for the abrasion of base material, as the obtained value (44 percent) exceeds the permissible limit (40 percent). Additionally, it has been verified that the materials comply with CBR values of more than 80 percent for bases and more than 30 percent for sub-bases. It is recommended to use material from Explendor deposits for projects requiring high mechanical strength and durability of bases and sub-bases.Item Evaluación de las propiedades mecánicas asfálticas modificadas con polvo de gres porcelánico en pavimentos flexibles reciclados(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Civil, 2024-08) Delgado Lucio, Jennifer Johanna; Bayas Altamirano, Myriam MarisolThe integration of recycled materials into asphalt mixtures is an innovative solution to reduce global pollution, seeking to provide benefits both in pavement quality and in improving the environment. It was divided into three phases, the first was based on identifying the site for the extraction of the materials. In the second, the materials were subjected to tests such as: granulometry, abrasion, rice test and Marshall method to analyze stability and flow properties. For the design, stoneware and RAP were added, plus the optimal asphalt content of 5.5, 6.0 and 6.5 percent. The porcelain stoneware partially replaced the fine aggregate when passing the No. 4 sieve and being retained in the No. 50, on the other hand, the RAP partially replaced the 3/8" intermediate aggregate when passing the 1/2" sieve and being retained in No. 4. Consequently, stoneware and RAP were partially incorporated with percentages of 7 stoneware – 10 RAP, 10 stoneware – 20 RAP and 13 stoneware – 30 RAP. Finally, in the third, a comparative analysis was carried out according to the Marshall criteria between the modified asphalt mixtures and the traditional mixture. These phases resulted in incorporating stoneware and RAP with percentages of 7 stoneware – 10 RAP, 10 stoneware – 20 RAP and 13 stoneware – 30 RAP, plus 6.5 percent asphalt, improving the mechanical properties of the mixture compared to the traditional mixture, concluding that the modified asphalt mixture surpasses the traditional one in terms of resistance, durability and environmental sustainability.Item Diseño y construcción de una máquina para ejercitar dorsales altos y bajos destinada para el gimnasio del Campus Huachi del centro deportivo de la Universidad Técnica de Ambato(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Mecánica, 2024-07) Mopocita Ortiz, Oscar Fabricio; Correa Jácome, Juan FranciscoThis research project focuses on the design and construction of a machine designed to exercise the upper and lower back. The proposed equipment will be delivered to the gym on the Huachi campus of the Sports Center of the Technical University of Ambato. The need arises due to the absence of a machine with these characteristics in this location. To address this challenge, necessary anthropometric body measurements were taken of the students who will frequent this gym, with the purpose of developing an ergonomic design that guarantees optimal health and efficient performance for those who use this new addition. The importance of having ergonomic equipment adapted to the measurements and needs of the users lies in the reduction of injuries derived from inadequate postures or the use of machines not specifically designed for students who practice sports in this environment. To achieve this objective, a rigorous mechanical design process will be carried out using the software tool specialized in this type of designs. In addition, an analysis and simulation will be carried out in CAE engineering, a crucial tool for evaluating parts and assemblies subjected to individual or simultaneous physical phenomena. In the course of this research, electronic devices and specialized software will be used, which will provide detailed mechanical models of the equipment to be developed. From these models, the most efficient design will be selected to carry out the construction of the equipment. In addition, an exhaustive analysis of the parts and assemblies subject to physical phenomena will be carried out, allowing a comprehensive validation of the project. It should be noted that the materials necessary for the construction of the machinery will be purchased locally, within the province of Tungurahua. These materials will undergo mechanical processes during the assembly and construction of the equipment, thus ensuring the quality and efficiency of the final product. Keywords: Anthropometry, ergonomics, properties, mechanics, mechanical design, physical phenomenItem Correlación entre CBR, DCP, propiedades índice y mecánicas en los suelos de la parroquia La Maná del cantón La Maná, provincia de Cotopaxi(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Civil, 2024-02) Pérez Camino, Erick Joel; Peñafiel Valla, Lourdes GabrielaThe presence of ballasted roads in the province of Cotopaxi in need of asphalt is evident; however, the existing database on the index and mechanical properties of the soils is insufficient. For the benefit of La Maná parish and areas with similar soil characteristics, the purpose of the experimental work is to find correlations between the mentioned properties and apply them to the design of flexible pavement. Four roads, located in different areas of the parish were identified. Test pits were made, removing the existing vegetative layer, followed by the extraction of 12 soil samples of approximately 50 kilograms at each identified points, field tests were carried out, and the samples were taken to be tested in the laboratories of the Civil Engineering department, respecting AASHTO and ASTM standards. Considering the results obtained from the tests, simple correlations were performed through regression analysis, and multiple correlations were established using the least squares method. Only correlations exceeding 70 percent, classified as good, were selected. As a result, 22 correlations between index and mechanical properties of the soils were determined, with correlation coefficients ranging from 0.7021 to 0.9538. Finally, a flexible pavement was designed for the rural areas of the parish, resulting in 6.5cm for the asphalt layer, 10cm for the base, and 15cm for the sub – base, with the CBR value obtained in the laboratory and by correlation.Item Análisis comparativo de la resistencia a la compresión del hormigón con adición de virutas metálicas y un hormigón con materiales tradicionales(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Civil, 2024-02) Acosta Villacres, Edwin Manuel; Peñafiel Valla, Lourdes GabrielaThe purpose of this experimental work is to offer an alternative to commercial products in which it seeks to verify if metal chips can be used in a mixture to enhance the physical and mechanical characteristics of concrete, in order to take advantage of those generated in some workshops. of turning in Ambato. Two dosages of compressive strength = 240 and 280 kg/cm2 were carried out, where percentage of metal chips were added in 5, 10 and 15 percent, specific tests of fine aggregate, coarse aggregate and cement were carried out, in addition The determination of the real density of these for the selection of the chip was based on investigative background which were spring-shaped chips of 5 cm in length, the analysis of the mechanical resistance of the concrete was carried out at 7, 14 and 28 days based on the NTE INEN 1573 standard The results were compared between the concrete of the standard specimens and the specimens with metal shavings in the percentages already mentioned, they showed an improvement in the dosage of 280 kg/cm2 that incorporated 5 percent, increasing its resistance by 113.46 percent, for the dosage of 240 kg/cm2 there was no increase, but the resistance was maintained within the permitted ranges, however for the percentages of 10 and 15 percent of metal chips in both dosages its resistance decreased, obtaining a very weak concrete.