Ciencias Agropecuarias
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Item Rendimiento de semilla pre básica de papa (Solanum tuberosum) variedad chaucha roja, proveniente del sistema de producción aeropónico(2019-11) Romero Larrea, Carlos Aníbal; Gutiérrez Albán, AlbertoConsidering the importance of fertilizers in the cultivation of potatoes in the field, this research work aims to evaluate the performance of pre-basic seed potato red “chaucha” variety from the aeroponic production system, with the application of three edaphic fertilizers, to reason of different doses. The study was carried out in the Querochaca experimental teaching farm owned by the Faculty of Agricultural Sciences of the Technical University of Ambato, located in Cevallos canton, Tungurahua province, Ecuador; at an altitude of 2865 masl, geographic coordinates 01 ° 22 '02' 'of South Latitude and 78 ° 36' 20 'of West Longitude. In the research, a randomized block design with six treatments (Different proportions of edaphic fertilizers) and triplicate was used. The size of the plot of each replica and of each treatment was 21.6 m2 (5.4 m x 4 m), with five rows of seeding separated by 0.9 m of each furrow. Seed 25 seeds of potatoes in each plot of each replica, placed at 0.5 m of each seed and distributed 5 seeds for each furrow. During the processing of the data the statistical program, STATGRAPHICS Centurion XVI.I was used in the Analysis of Variance and in the Tests of Comparison of Means by Tukey (5%). The result of the investigation determined the best treatment for T4, which used the following fertilizers: 350 kg of sowing Plus at sowing, 175 kg of Engrose Plus 45 days after sowing and 175 kg of Ferti special Plus at 70 days of the sowing; producing a yield of 9.68 ± 0.47 tons of potato / ha at 137 days of cultivation. The Internal Control Index in the tubers obtained gives us values similar to those of a registered potato seed, that is, the T4 Treatment tubers are of good quality to be used as seed for cultivation. In conclusion, the performance in the cultivation of red “chaucha” potato is low in comparison with other potato varieties, but this low value is compensated by the good acceptance of the potato in the markets and the higher price in relation to the improved potatoes.Item Evaluación agronómica de tres variedades de Fréjol arbustivo (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) bajo las condiciones climáticas de la comunidad de Rumichaca del cantón Pelileo(2019-08) Curay Palate, Jessica Daniela; Dobronski Arcos, JorgeThe research work was carried out to evaluate the agronomic behavior of three varieties of beans. Which was carried out on the property of Mr. José Curay, located in the Rumichaca community, El Rosario parish, Pelileo canton, Tungurahua province located 6 km from Pelileo canton, with an altitude of 2700 meters above sea level, whose geographic coordinates are: 01º 27 ́28 ́ ́ South latitude and 78º 62 ́37 ́ ́ West longitude. For the evaluation, a completely randomized blocks design (DBCA) with six repetitions was applied, the analysis of variance (ADEVA) was carried out and the Tukey significance tests were carried out at 5%, where the following results were obtained: for the variable days to the germination Canary obtained an average of 10.33 days, Butter an average 10.67 days and Calima with an average of 11.33 days. In the variable germination percentage the averages were for Canary 93.94%, Calima 87.22% and Butter with 80.56%. These data were taken 20 days after sowing. For the number of days to flowering Butter turned out to be the earliest with an average of 45.83 days, Calima obtained an average of 55.33 days and Canary with an average of 84 days. In the variable days to the harvest in tender Butter obtained an average of 120.5 days, Calima with an average of 134.67 days and Canary with an average of 157.17; Likewise, on the days when the dry harvest was obtained, different averages were obtained for Butter with 138.33 days, Calima with 154.50 days and finally Canary with 179 days. The cultivars were located in the following manner: Butter as precocious, Calima as intermediate and Canary as late. For the dry yield variable, Canario obtained the highest average with 2673.25 kg / ha, butter with an average of 2234.37 kg / ha and finally the Calima with an average of 1753.47 kg / ha. The three varieties adapted perfectly to the test site, Calima and Butter obtained a lower yield in relation to the Canary which surpassed the other varietiesItem Evaluación de aplicación foliar de calcio en el cultivo de fresa (Fragaria Sp.)(2019-06) Vaca Mayorga, Christian Ruperto; Zurita Vasquez, José HernánThe research was carried out at the Experimental Querochada Experimental Farm, of the Faculty of Agronomic Engineering of the Technical University of Ambato, located in the canton of Cevallos, Tungurahua province, at a distance of 20 km south of Ambato, at an altitude of 2850 masl, with the purpose of: evaluating three doses of calcium obtained from chicken eggshells (Gallus gallus) (10%, 20% and 30%), applying in three hours during the day (8AM, 12PM and 16 PM), in the strawberry crop (Fragaria sp). The completely randomized block experimental design (DBCA) was used, and the variance analysis (ADEVA) was performed. Tukey tests at 5% and tests of minimum significant difference to differentiate between the factors under study. The treatments that received application of Ca from egg shells, in the concentration of 20% applied 8AM, yielded the best results 56.67% of Ca in the leaves at 48 hours, 50.33% at 96 hours and 62.33% at 144 hours. Also 36.33% of Ca in the petiole at 48 hours, 35.49% of Ca at 96 hours and 34.97% of Ca at 144 hours. Likewise, these treatments reported with an average of 1.41 Kg / cm2 the greater firmness of the leaf, later fruits with greater firmness 2.37Kg / cm² Due to the results obtained, the use of nutritious calcium solutions obtained from chicken eggshells offers an encouraging possibility to be a new nutritional control tool for strawberry plants (Fragaria sp).Item Evaluación de un residuo líquido orgánico obtenido de un biodigestor en el rendimiento del cultivo de cebolla de rama (Allium fistulosum Linnaeus).(2019-06) Freire Freire, Klever Edisson; Muñoz, ManoloThe research work entitled "Evaluation of an organic liquid residue obtained from a biodigester in the performance of the branch onion crop (Allium fistulosum Linnaeus)" was carried out in order to identify the effects of liquid waste from guinea pigs obtained by a biodigester in Onion cultivation in the parameters of production, this research was carried out on the property of Mr. Bolívar Freire Paredes, from the sector of Surangay, corresponding to the Huambaló parish, Tungurahua Province, at an altitude of 2 968 meters above sea level The randomized block design was applied, in factorial arrangement 3 * 3 + 1 with 3 repetitions, in addition Tukey significance tests were performed at 5% for the treatments that were significant, the following results were obtained: plant height variable the treatment D3F2 (13.16 ml of organic liquid waste / 250 ml of water every 10 days per plant) with an average of 33.77 cm presented the best average and the treatment Witness with an average of 29.67 cm was the lowest, the variable number of tillers per plant the treatment D3F1 (17.18 ml of organic liquid waste / 250 ml of water every 5 days per plant) presented an average of 2.70, the control was the lowest average presented with 1.50 tillers plant. For the pseudostem diameter variable, the D2F2 treatment (10.5 ml of organic liquid waste / 250 ml of water every 10 days per plant) obtained an average of 23.90 mm and the D3F1 treatment (7.18 ml of organic liquid waste / 250 ml of water every 5 days per plant) had the lowest average with 18.93 mm. The root volume variable presented a statistically significant difference. The treatment with the best average was D2F3 (15.75 ml of organic liquid waste / 250 ml of water every 15 days per plant) with an average of 44.80 ml and the one with the lowest average was the control with 18.00 ml. The performance variable presented the treatment D2F1 (5.75 ml of organic liquid waste / 250 ml of water every 5 days per plant) as the best average with 1258,2 Kg/Ha and the lowest was the control with an average of 704,7 Kg/Ha.Item Caracterización morfológica de maíz blanco harinoso (Zea mays L.) material nativo “Chazo” de la provincia de Chimborazo(2019-06) Obando Arequipa, Erika Salome; Dobronski Arcos, JorgeThis research work was carried out on the property of Mr. César Obando Arequipa of the Zumbalica sector, corresponding to the San Felipe parish, located in the canton Latacunga, province of Cotopaxi, with the objective of giving the morphological characterization of a native material of corn floury white called “Chazo”, with the possibility of being used in processes of genetic improvement in future projects, which value and potentiate its use. This investigation is descriptive therefore does not have a hypothesis, experimental design and treatments. The data were taken according to the descriptors of CIMMYT (International Center for Genetic Improvement of Maize and Wheat) and IBPGR (International Board for Plant Genetic Resources) (1991). Data of the most outstanding characteristics and of economic importance were recorded, such as ear length (13.2 cm), ear diameter (6 cm), ear weight (165.57 g), grain length (12, 1 cm) and grain width (10.8 cm). Another very important fact that was taken into account is the days of male and female flowering, a general average of male flowering is 139.25 days and female flowering 152.5 days. According to Pardey et al. (2016) the difference between male and female flowering should be from 8 to 15 days for a good pollination and grain formation, in this research the difference of male and female flowering days is 13.25 that is to say that white corn floury (Zea mays L.) native material “Chazo”, has a high precocity and is apt to be used in processes of genetic improvement or plant breeding, since it meets all the corresponding morphological characteristics.Item Aplicación de extractos vegetales en la propagación asexual de estacas de valeriana (Valeriana sp)(2019-01-05) Córdova Ruiz, Rosa Elizabeth; Dobronski Arcos, JorgeThe research was carried out in Querochaca Experimental Farm, Agricultural ciences Faculty, Ambato Technical University, located in Cevallos canton, Tungurahua province, with the purpose: two types stakes evaluating (without leaves T1 and with leaves T2), 1three plant extracts (2Aloe vera aloe E1, Lens culinaris lentil E2 and Salix alba willow E3) and two controls (Hormonagro phytohormone), in valerian (Valeriana sp) propagation, under plastic cover. The treatments were eight. The experimental design of completely randomized blocks (ANOVA) was used, in a factorial arrangement 2 x 3 + 2, with three repetitions. The variance analysis, tests of Minimum Significant Difference 5% and Tukey tests 5% were performed. The economic analysis was carried using the cost benefit ratio (RBC) methodology. The stakes without leaves treatments (T1), reported higher volume of the root system (0,91 ml at 45 days and 1,19 ml at 60 days), as well as better length (4,94 cm at 45 days and 7,55 cm at 60 days) and weight of the root system (0,45 g at 60 days). The leaf area was higher (2,35 cm2 at 45 days and 3,16 cm2 at 60 days), reaching the best percentage of rooted cuttings (93,06%). The aloe extract application (E1), produced highest volume of roots (0,97 ml at 45 days and 1,26 ml at 60 days), as best growth in root length (5,07 cm at the 45 days and 7,28 cm at 60 days) and greater weight (0,33 g at 45 days and 0,47 g at 60 days). The leaf area was better (2,40 cm2 at 45 days and 3,14 cm2 at 60 days), as well as the percentage of rooted cuttings (92,36%). From economic analysis was concluded that, among the treatments with the application of vegetable extracts, the extract of aloe in leafless cuttings (T1E1), presented the highest benefit-cost ratio of 0,22.Item Variabilidad de la región its2 en poblaciones de Tetranychus urticae Koch en el cultivo de fresa (Fragaria vesca)(2019-04) López Illanes, Karolayne Alexandra; Dávila Ponce, MartaThe ITS2 is one of the most important markers in molecular systematics and evolution, in addition it shows a significant sequence variability at species level or below. The objective of the present investigation was to determine the variability of the ITS2 region in DNA fragments of individuals from populations of T. urticae in three varieties of strawberry cultivation (F. vesca), thus carrying out the study in the Biotechnology laboratory of the Faculty of Agricultural Sciences. Female mites were used for DNA extraction, DNA amplification by the ITS2 protocol for PCR that was performed in a thermal cycler. Obtaining the lengths of the ITS2 fragment for different populations of T. urticae, we counted 197 nitrogenous bases (A, T, C and G), of which are rich in A + T, with percentages of 68.53% in Festival (F ), 67% in Monterrey (M) and 68.02% in Albion (A). In total, 12 substitutions were found in the sequences of base pairs with 6.09%; therefore, in the differences of the sequences, 11 substitutions were found between Festival and Monterrey (F - M) with 5.58% divergence and 94.42% similarity, between Festival and Albion (F - A), 4, 57% divergence and 95.43% similarity, and between Monterrey and Albion (M - A) 2.03% divergence and 97.97% similarity. Proving that the percentages of Nitrogenous Bases in Monterrey (M) is less than F and A, due to environmental factors external to the molecular structure.Item Aplicación foliar de calcio en el cultivo de fresa (Fragaria sp.) obtenido a partir de cáscara de huevo de gallina (Gallus gallus)(2019-04) Vaca Tubón, Jenny Magaly; Zurita Vasquez, José HernánThe research was carried out in Querochada Experimental Farm, of Agronomic Engineering School of Ambato Technical University, located in Cevallos canton, Tungurahua province, at 20 km south of Ambato distance, an altitude of 2850 msnm, with the purpose of: evaluating two doses of calcium obtained from chicken eggshells (Gallus gallus) (20% and 30%), plus two chelating agents (vermicompost and leonardite) in two doses 0, 5 ml and 1, 0 ml, in the strawberry crop (Fragaria sp). The completely randomized block experimental design (DBCA) was used, and the analysis of variance (ANOVA) was performed. Tukey tests at 5% and tests of minimum significant difference to differentiate between the factors under study. The treatments that received calcium application from eggshells, in the concentration of 30% (C2), reported higher percentage of calcium in the leaves, with 1,32% at 2 hours, 1,41% at 4 hours, 1,67% at 6 hours and 1,78% at 8 hours. They also reported a greater number of floral centers per plant (6, 42 centers) and leaves with greater firmness (1, 43 kg/cm2). In relation to chelators, the best results were achieved in the treatments applied with leonardite (Q2), with a higher percentage of calcium in the leaves, both at 2 hours (1, 27%) at 4 hours (1, 37%) and at 6 hours (1, 57%) and at 8 hours (1, 77%). Likewise, leonardite treatments increased the number of floral centers per plant (6, 28 centers). With respect to the chelating dose, with the application of the 1,0 ml dose (D2), the best results were obtained, reporting a higher percentage of calcium in the leaves at 2 hours (1,28%) at 4 hours (1, 1,38%)as well as at 6 hours (1,57%) and at 8 hours (1,80%).Item Evaluación de recubrimiento comestible a base de aceites esenciales de canela (Cinnamomum verum) y clavo de olor (Syzygium aromaticum) en la conservación de frutos de mora de castilla (Rubus glaucus Bent)(2019-04) Chasiloa Suarez, Paola Lisseth; Yánez Yánez, Ángel WilfridoThe present research work was carried out in order to increase the post-harvest conservation time of the blackberry (Rubus glaucus) by using edible coatings based on cinnamon essential oil (Syzygium aromaticum) and clove (Cinnamomum verum). ) with a concentration of 0.04%, 0.06% and 0.08%, where the physicochemical parameters such as pH, soluble solids, firmness, maturity index, weight loss and incidence of microorganisms have been studied; It was held in the Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Technical University of Ambato. For the evaluation, a completely randomized block design (DBCA) with five repetitions is applied, the analysis of variance (ADEVA) is carried out, it is an experimental plan and the Tukey significance tests are performed at 5%, to differentiate between Treatments, refers to the treatment A1B2 (Cinnamon essential oil, 0.06%), proved to be a treatment with greater firmness throughout the storage period, ending with an average firmness of 0.14 lbf; in the percentage of incidence of microorganisms in the treatments A1B2 (cinnamon essential oil 0.06%) and A2B1 (essential oil of 0.04% clove) there is a 40% incidence resulting in the best. In the variable weight loss, the A1B1 treatment (cinnamon essential oil 0.04%) showed a lower loss with a mean of 20.92%. In the maturity index the treatment A2B2 (0.06% clove essential oil) with an average of 3.68 the lowest maturity index. In the total solids of Control 2 (without coating), a large quantity was obtained with a medium of 9.52 ° Brix. Meanwhile, there is no significant difference, but all treatments were performed within a pH suitable for the standard according to the INEN 2427 standard.Item Evaluación del biosol generado en la producción de biogás, como biofertilizante en el cultivo de lechuga (Lactuca sativa)(2019-03) Martínez Barreno, Byron Alberto; Muñoz, ManoloThe research work entitled "Evaluation of the biosol generated in the production of biogas, as biofertilizer in the lettuce crop (Lactuca sativa)" was carried out in order to identify the effects of biosol on the production parameters of the lettuce crop. The research was carried out in the Querochaca experimental teaching farm, located in the canton of Cevallos, province of Tungurahua. Its geographic coordinates are 01 ° 22' 02 "South latitude and 78 ° 36' 20" West longitude, at an altitude of 2 865 meters above sea level. The randomized block design was applied, 5 treatments with 4 repetitions, in addition Tukey significance tests were performed at 5% for the treatments that were significant, the following results were obtained: variable plant height at 0 days treatment 5, conventional fertilization (FC) was the best with an average of 7.03 cm and treatment 3 with the application of biosol 1 kg.m-2 (B1.0) was the lowest with 3.18 cm, at 60 days for this variable treatment 4 with the application of 2 kg.m-2 of biosol (B2.0) was greater with an average of 15.25 cm and treatment 1 with 0 kg.m-2 of biosol (B0, 0) was the smallest with 12.84 cm. The variable weight of foliage presented significance, (FC) at the beginning of the trial was the best with an average of 12.08 g and the lowest weight was the treatment (B1.0) with 8.03 g, at 60 days it presented significance in where (B2.0) with an average of 157.75 g was the best and the one with the lowest average was (B0.0) with 99.21 g, at the time of harvest this variable presented significance, being the treatment (FC) the best with an average of 708.75 g and the lowest was (B2.0) with 443.06 g. For the variable root volume there is significance where (FC) with an average of 11.15 cm3 was the best while (B1.0) was the lowest with 9.03 cm3, at 60 days (B2.0) with an average of 13.00 cm3 was the best and (B0.0) was the lowest value with 8.60 cm3. The variable equatorial diameter at harvest showed significance, (F.C) with a mean of 9.95 was the best, (B2.0) was the lowest with 7.73 cm. For the polar diameter variable there was no significance, however (F.C) presented an average of 8.99 cm. The yield variable presented significance (F.C) was the best with 94499.34 kg / ha and (B2.0) was the lowest with 59074.00 kg / ha.