Ciencias Agropecuarias
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Item Eficacia antimicrobiana de aceites esenciales de tomillo (T. vulgaris), CANELA (C. verum), romero (R. officinalis), laurel (L. nobilis) sobre cepas de Pasteurella multocida Y Bordetella bronchiseptica(2019-08) Robalino Chariguaman, Alex Javier; Calero Cáceres, WilliamThe aim of this study was the evaluation of the antimicrobial activity of Thyme (T. vulgaris), Cinnamon (C. verum), Rosemary (R. officinalis), Laurel (L. nobilis) essential oils on certified strains of Pasteurella multocida ATCC® 12945 TM * and Bordetella bronchiseptica ATCC® 4617 TM *. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) were estimated by microdilution method; and the plate plating (Mueller Hinton agar) was applied for the estimation of the minimum bactericidal concentrations (MBCs). The MICs of the evaluated essential oils, at the experimental conditions were: P. multocida ATCC® 12945 TM * (L. nobilis 0.8%, C. verum 3.8%, T. vulgaris 2.4% and R. officinalis 10.5%); for B. bronchiseptica ATCC® 4617 TM *. (L. nobilis 1.8%, C. verum 6.7%, T. vulgaris 10.1% and R. officinalis 3.5%). The MBCs of the evaluated essential oils were: L. nobilis 2.1%, C. verum 7%, T. vulgaris 10.3% and R. officinalis 7% for B. bronchiseptica ATCC® 4617 TM *; for P. multocida ATCC® 12945 TM * were L. nobilis 1%, C. verum 4.3%, T. vulgaris 2.7% and R. officinalis 11.1%. The inhibition percentages of the evaluated essential oils (compared to gentamicin 160 mg / mL) was found between 33.78% - 40.84% in the case of P. multocida and between 5.98%- 22.35% for B. bronchiseptica.Item Inclusión de extracto de quebracho (Schinopsis balansae) como antihelmíntico gastrointestinal en bovinos en el cantón Huamboya provincia de Morona Santiago(2019-04) Cazar Chávez, David Javier; Almeida Secaira, RobertoThe objective of this research is to evaluate the Quebracho extract as an anthelmintic in bovines; the experiment was carried out in Huamboya canton, Province of Morona Santiago, an area in which they are mainly dedicated to livestock. Three different doses of the extract were analyzed in calves, at 0.25 mg, 0.50 mg and 0.75 mg per kilogram of live weight, the extract was applied daily for 7 days to the animals orally, in a total of 12 experimental units, for each treatment four animals, to test the properties of quebracho tannins. As an indicator, a coproparasitic analysis was used before and after the treatment with the extract, being the test of choice the simple flotation test, using a 50% glucose solution and to analyze the data obtained, an analysis of covariance and a test were used. of Tukey. It had as parasitic constants Strongiloides, Toxocara vitolorum, Fasciola hepatica and Monienza; counting the eggs of each one by field, at simpe sight decreased the numbers of eggs per field of each parasite, but from the statistical point of view we obtained a significant difference only in the Toxocara vitolorum at an exact dose of 0.50 milligrams per live kilogram. As a final result we know that quebracho extract has a good function controlling Toxocara vitolorum at a specific dose of 0.50mg per kilogram of live weight.Item Efecto del polen, lactosa y su combinación en los órganos inmunes y sobre las poblaciones microbianas cecales de pollos broilers(2019-03) Chico Robalino, Carlos Gustavo; Montero Recalde, Mayra AndreaIn the present investigation, the effect of pollen, lactose and its interaction on lymphoid organs and cecal microbial population in broilers of Cobb 500 genetic line was evaluated. The study was carried out preparing four diets, the first T0 without any additive, the second T1 with 0.5% pollen, the third T2 with 2.5% lactose and finally the fourth T3 with the combination of the two aforementioned additives and at the same concentration. The experimental diets were administered only during the first two stages of development (pre-initial and initial). 40 animals were used for the analysis, with 10 experimental units for each diet. On day 14 an animal of each experimental unit was sacrificed to take length, weight and pH of the organs of the digestive tract. ADEVA Variance Analysis and Tukey test were used to process the data collected in relation to lymphoid organs and colony forming treatments (CFU) of the bacteria. In the study of the morphometric indices (I.M.), significant differences were found between the means of the treatments in the I.M. Bursa (P = 0.0199), where the best treatment was T1 (0.5% pollen). In the case of I.M. Spleen and I.M. Thymus, no statistical significance was observed between the means of the treatments (P> 0.05) respectively. As for the relationship between organs like; Bursa / Spleen, Bursa / Timo and Timo / Spleen, no statistical difference was found for any treatment (P> 0.05). Within the colony forming units, for enterobacteria, statistical significance was observed between treatments (P <0.05), being the best T2 (2.5% lactose), while for UFC of E. coli it was observed that both T2 (2.5% lactose) and T3 (0.5% pollen + 2.5% lactose) acted in a similar way reducing their number in the cecum.Item Determinación de los niveles de bioseguridad en granjas avícolas de aves de postura de la parroquia de Cotaló del cantón Pelileo(2019-03) Sánchez Barreno, María José; Montero Recalde, Mayra AndreaThe objective of this investigation was to determine the levels of biosecurity in poultry farms of laying birds of the parish of Cotaló of the canton Pelileo and to identify the strongest or weakest variables. Through descriptive statistics, good biosafety practices were evaluated with a survey instrument of 47 questions made by AGROCALIDAD according to RESOLUTION 0260 with a score of 94 points. he survey was applied in 20 poultry farms of laying birds classified in three strata: stratum I, small poultry farmers with a number of 3000 to 50000 birds with a total of 10 farms, medium stratum II poultry farmers with a number of birds between 50001 - 100000 a total of 7 farms, stratum III large aviculturists with a number of birds of 100001 - 300000 with a total of 3 farms. When evaluating the levels of biosecurity in poultry farms of laying birds, stratum I with a low level of biosecurity falls in the range of 26 - 44% for which the operating permit is denied, with respect to stratum II, with a low level of biosecurity falls in the range of 26 - 44% the operating permit is denied and only two farms fall in the range of 45 - 59% the operating permit is granted with established deadlines for comply with 60% in the performance of the appropriate conditions, hygienic and biosecurity measures according to resolution 0260 issued by AGROCALIDAD. Finally, stratum III, with a medium level of biosecurity falls within the range of 45 - 59%, the operating permit is granted with a deadline established to meet 60% in the performance of the appropriate conditions, hygienic measures and biosecurity according to resolution 0260 issued by AGROCALIDAD. Regarding the strong variables in each of the strata, those related to the availability of drinking water, vaccination schedules and schedules, proper management of the sanitary vacuum, and facilities that allow a good development of the production and training programs of monitoring for the diagnosis of diseases. We establish as weak variables in each of the strata the points related to the delimitation and identification of areas, the biosafety measures at the farm's entrance and the staff training and hygiene programs considering critical points to be considered in order to comply with resolution 0260 issued by AGROCALIDAD and offer a quality product.Item Efecto del acetato de medroxiprogesterona y benzoato de estradiol, sobre la emergencia folicular en cabras con baja condición corporal(2019-03) Tirado Vaca, Mercy Mariela; Aragadvay, GonzaloThe present study was conducted in goats of body condition 2 (CC 2) in the faculty of Agricultural Sciences of the Technical University of Ambato, a total of 12 goats were previously evaluated by trans-rectal ultrasonography and were randomly distributed in 4 groups (T1, T2, T3, T4); in which the effect of medroxyprogesterone acetate (AMP) sponge intra-vaginal, at different time of withdrawal with and without application of estradiol benzoate (BE) on the follicular dynamics was evaluated, emergence of the follicular wave, expressiveness of the heat and percentage of gestation. The treatments were applied to day 0 all the females received an intra-vaginal sponge (60 mg of AMP) during 11 days for two groups (T1, T2), and 14 days for the remaining two groups (T3, T4). The T1 and T3 treatments received 1mg of BE (IM) on the same day of the intra-vaginal sponge application and one day after the extraction of the same, a second dose of BE (0.5mg) was applied to induce the ovulation. The ovarian response was monitored daily by trans-rectal ultrasound from day 0 to day 14 (T1 and T2) and 17 (T3 and T4) days given mount directly, subsequently, the plasma concentration of 17β- estradiol was measured on the final day of treatment and correlated with follicular size, vaginal cytology was performed to confirm the presence of estrus and 35 days after direct mounting, ultrasound was performed to check for pregnancy. A 2x2 factorial design (day of intra-vaginal sponge removal and BE application) was used and the variables were analyzed by means of an ANOVA. In conclusion, treatment with AMP combined with BE, does not improve follicular size, however there is a low conception for these treatments (T1, T3), while the use of AMP without combining with BE has a better conception, so in goats fertility is not affected in relation to low body condition.Item Efecto de la harina de romero (Rosmarinus officinalis) para mejorar los parámetros productivos en pollos de engorde(2015) López Albuja, Daniela Alejandra; Guerrero López, Jorge RicardoThe present investigation evaluated the effects of Romero flour (Rosmarinus officinalis) in diets for broilers in the Puerto Arturo sector, belonging to the Izamba parish of Tungurahua Province, with this research it was sought to give an alternative to high and indiscriminate use of different antibiotics and growth promoters that is generally used in broiler chickens, in such a way that with the use of rosemary flour (Rosmarinus officinalis) it can be reduced and even avoid the incidence of diseases, reduce production costs and thus in this way obtain products of innocuous animal origin and of excellent quality suitable for human consumption. The investigation began with the preparation of rosemary flour (Rosmarinus officinalis) that consisted of the following steps: harvesting, selection, drying and grinding of rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis). The investigation was carried out using 200 broiler chickens of the Cobb 500 genetic line of one day of age, with an average weight of 41.2g on arrival, in the house the birds' beds were installed in the form of a square in which were located 20 experimental units with a number of 10 animals each. Rosemary flour (Rosmarinus officinalis) was added to the diet in doses of 0.5% (T1), 1.0% (T2), 1.5% (T3) and 0% (T0). A completely randomized design (DCA) was carried out. The data were analyzed using the analysis of variance and the Tukey test 5% for the treatments.Item Utilización de tres niveles de harina de jengibre (Zingiber officinalis) como promotor de crecimiento en dietas para pollos de engorde(2018) Herrera Mendoza, Bryan Raúl; Guerrero López, Jorge RicardoThe present investigation evaluated the ginger flour (Zingiber offcinalis) as growth promoter in diets for broilers in the Lizarzaburu parish of the canton Riobamba province of Chimborazo, with this essay it was sought to give an alternative to the use of antibiotics as promoters of growth that It is currently used for raising broilers in such a way that with the use of Ginger flour (Zingiber officinalis) can reduce the incidence of diseases, reduce production costs and obtain products of animal origin innocuous for consumption human. This investigation began with the elaboration of the ginger flour (Zingiber offcinalis) that consisted with the following steps selection, drying, grinding and sieving of the ginger tubers (Zingiber offcinalis). The research was carried out with 320 broilers of the Cobb 500 line of one day of age with an average weight of 45.59g on arrival, the house was divided into 4 blocks with 2 repetitions in each, with a total of 32 units experimental Ginger flour (Zingiber officinalis) was added in doses of 0.1% (T1), 0.2% (T2), 0.3% (T3) and 0% (T0). A completely randomized block design (DBCA) was carried out. The data were analyzed using the analysis of variance and the Tukey test at 5% for the treatments. The results obtained significant differences (p <0.01) and (p <0.05) between the treatments being the best the T3 (0.3% inclusion of ginger flour) giving better results in both weight gain, feed conversion , food consumption, yield to the carcass and mortality. Evidenced in Tables 3, 4, 5 and 6 of this essay.Item Evaluación de tintura de propóleo como coadyuvante en la cicatrización de ovariohisterectomía en Canis familiaris(2018) Moposita Maiza, Jorge Daniel; Villamarín, DarwinThe propolis, a product of natural origin which it attributed many properties, among them: antibacterial, antiviral, immunostimulant, anti-inflammatory, healing and slightly analgesic. The aim of this study was to evaluate three concentrations of propolis tincture (10%, 20% and 30%) as an adjuvant in healing ovariohysterectomy in Canis familiaris. This research was developed at Ambato, Tungurahua, Ecuador. 24 female dogs of 3 to 14 months old were used. In a completely randomized design with three treatments (concentrations of propolis), and eight repetitions (female dogs; 1 mL of tincture of propolis applied in its different concentrations daily every 8 hours). The variables analyzed were divided into two groups, qualitative: terraced edges, peripheral dermatitis, presence of exudate, pruritic reflex; and quantitative: scar size, body temperature and healing time. The results show no significant difference (P>0.05) in the size of the wounds, body temperature of the patient and the healing time (average of 5.42 days) for different treatments studied. We can conclude that the use of propolis tincture in three concentrations (10%, 20% and 30%) is effective in reducing healing time, prevents infection and inflammation of wounds and avoids the presence of pruritus and peripheral dermatitis after application.Item Evaluación de aceites esenciales y antibióticos sobre los índices productivos y morfometría de las vellosidades intestinales en pollos de engorde(2018) Ortiz Núñez, Alex Darío; Guerrero, RicardoThe objective of this research was to evaluate the essential oils (Active ®) and the antibiotics (Zinc of Bacitracin, Lincomycin and Virginiamicin) in broiler chickens by means of a DCA with 4 treatments and 5 repetitions, the formulation of the diets was made according to the nutritional requirements of the Cobb 500 line and inclusion of the essential oils (T1 ACTIVE: 0.015%) and antibiotics (T2 BACITRACIN: 0.05%, T3 LINCOMYCIN: 0.05% and T4 VIRGINYAMYCIN: 0.05 %), for the evaluation of productive indices, three stages were considered: initial (1 - 14 days), growth (15 - 28 days), fattening (29 - 42 days). In the initial stage, significant results are shown for the weight gain in T1 ACTIVE with 380.05 g and an acceptable feed conversion (1.40), in the mortality there are no significant differences in relation to the other treatments. In the growth stage, no favorable results are seen with T1 ACTIVE for weight gain (1050.44 g) and in the feed conversion (1.50) there are not significant differences between the treatments as the mortality did not show significant differences being 2% in all the treatments. When evaluating the fattening stage, the results were higher, obtaining a weight gain of (1268.96 g) for T1 ACTIVE, a feed conversion of (2.07) that strengthens the productive behavior with a mortality of 0%. The analysis of the accumulated stage reflects favorable results with the use of essential oils for the cumulative weight gain variable with values of (2699.45 g) (64.27 g / bird / day), an accumulated food consumption of (4739.90) ( 112.85 g / bird / day) and a feed conversion of (1.75) reaching a final weight of (2747.99 g). Regarding the IEE in T1 ACTIVE with a value of (356) exceeds the other treatments and a value of (1.24) in I.O.R allows to conclude that the use of essential oils in broilers is economically viable and is considered a profitable production. Last but not least, when analyzing intestinal villi morphometry on day 14 and 28, it was concluded that the variables of intestinal villi height and width, along with the depth of the crypts, obtained beneficial results when using essential oils, expanding their morphometry on day 14 in a width of (6.56%), and the depth of the crypt in (9.82%) and on day 28 the height of the villi in (8.18%, 9.74% width and 23.52%) the depth in relation to the other treatments evaluated, increasing the capacity and absorption area at intestinal level in birds.Item Evaluación del propóleo y sulfametazina (ZINAPRIM) sobre el control de coccidios y su toxicidad en conejos de ceba (Oryctolagus cuniculus)(2018) Calvopiña Estrella, Alfredo Daniel; Díaz Sjostrom, PedroThe objective of this research is to evaluate the effect of ethanol extract of propolis (EEP) and sulfamethazine (Zinaprim) in the control of coccidia spp. and toxicity in fattening rabbits (Oryctolagus Cuniculus). The experiment was carried out in the experimental rabbit farm of the Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Technical University of Ambato. Thirty rabbits weaned (35 days old) of NZ x C mixed breed, randomly distributed in 3 groups that after a period of adaptation of a week, received EEP 1 ml dose of EPS: T (0) placebo, T (1) 37.5 mg of EPP, T (2) 2.5 mg of sulfamethazine (zinaprim) per animal. At the end of the experiment, a reduction in the egg count of. For the control treatment T0 = 4505 h / g for T1 = 1386 h / g and for T2 = 2275 h / g. In blood biochemistry, statistically significant differences were found in terms of alaminotransferase (AST) for T1 treatment (48.12 mg / dL), and in alkaline phosphatase for T1 (149.32 U / L). The results in the percentage of morbidity were 100%, it was shown that the digestive disorders were diarrhea of the treatment 1 T1 = 8.3% and cecotrophies 7%. A percentage of mortality was determined in zero (0%), presenting all the live animals. The dietary addition of EEP in 37.5mg fattening rabbits had significant effects on the control of Coccidia spp, based on a reduction in the number of eggs excreted, no toxic effects, and a higher level of liver and kidney profile. The presentation of diarrhea and cecotrophies.