Ciencias Agropecuarias

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Start date: 2020Subject: search.filters.subject.TAXO

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    Diseño de un modelo de Inteligencia artificial en la detección de Colletotrichum. spp y Oídium . spp en el cultivo de taxo (Passiflora mollisima B.H.K
    (2025-02) Aguilar Salan Edison David; Munóz Espinosa Manolo Sebastián
    In this work, an Artificial Intelligence model based on the YOLOv11 architecture was developed for the segmentation and detection of three relevant classes in taxum (Passiflora mollisima B.H.K) culture: Colletotrichum spp., Oidium spp. and healthy leaves, in addition to the background class. A total of 1054 tagged images were used, of which 37 were used for testing and 40 for validation. The training took place over 60 eras. The results showed moderate precision (0.4994), recall (0.46815) and mAP@50 (0.38459) values, reflecting that the model manages to correctly identify about half of the positive instances, but presents confusions between classes with similar visual characteristics (in particular, healthy leaves and the background category). The confounding matrix corroborates these findings, evidencing the need to increase the diversity and quantity of training data, as well as to refine the model's hyperparameters to improve class discrimination. Despite the limitations, progressive decreases in loss curves during training and validation indicate a stable learning process. It is concluded that the model can perform a segmentation and initial detection of fungal diseases and healthy leaves, offering a valuable starting point for future improvements that contribute to a more efficient precision agriculture in taxo cultivation.
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    Variaciones morfológicas de Tetranychus Urticae Koch (Acari: Tetranychidae) originadas por Solanum muricatum y Passiflora tripartita
    (2020-10) Timbila Sillo, Luis Dario; Vásquez Freytez, Carlos Luis
    The Tetranychidae includes more than 1,250 species commonly known as spider mites, many of them can become agricultural importance species due to damage to different crops. Morphological identification of Tetranychidae species is difficult due to the limited number of morphological characters that serve in the diagnosis and in addition many of the key characteristics frequently show a wide phenotypic plasticity. In the present study, the effect of the host plant on morphological variations (disposition and length of idiosomal setae (chaetotaxy) in females of T. urticae populations collected in natural plantations of taxo (Passiflora tripartita) and sweet cucumber (Solanum muricatum) was evaluated. In the laboratory, samples were examined under a stereoscopic microscope for morphotype separation. Morphotypes were mounted on slides for microscopic observation using a phase contrast optical microscope for species confirmation, using taxonomic keys. Once the species was confirmed, 20 slides were prepared for the examination of the following morphological characters length of the dorsal (ve, sci, sce, c1, c2, d1, d2, e1, e2, f1, f2, h1, IC1, c3, c4) and ventral (pg, g, h2, h3) setae as well as the distance between them. Additionally, values of length and width of the idiosoma, length of the gnatosoma, morphology of the female genital shield and length and shape of the aedeagus in the male were determined. The morphological analysis of the different populations of T. urticae collected in sweet cucumber and taxo in three localities showed the effect of the host plant on the length and width of the idiosome was found, but there was no effect of the locality. The morphology analysis showed that there are differences in the size of the mite due to the effect of the host plant, the females being significantly larger when feeding on cucumber plants, which could suggest that this species of plant offers better conditions for mite development. The host plant caused differences in the length of the idiosomal setae (sc1, e1, f1, h1 and h2) and in the distance between their bases (sc2, c1, c2, e1, e2, f1, h2) in T urticae females, being greater in specimens collected in sweet cucumber plants, which corresponds to the largest size of the idiosoma, except when the length of h1 and h2 was considered. Based on the results of the morphological analysis, it is recommended to carry out molecular biology studies using specific molecular markers for this species, in order to correlate the findings with studies at the genetic level.