Ciencias Agropecuarias
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Item El uso de abonos orgánicos liquidos tipo biol y su efecto sobre los parámetros productivos en el cultivo de frejol (Phaseolus vulgaris)(2023-03) Escalante Andrade, Jeremy Samuel; Santana Mayorga, Rita CumandáThe use of bioles in agriculture is a friendly alternative to the environment because it restores the nutrients lost to the soil and provides the necessary elements for the proper development of each phenological phase of the crop, since it does not have a single composition, it has many functions. such as nutrition, pest and disease control, among others. This research project was developed in the Unamuncho neighborhood San José parish, belonging to the Ambato canton, with the purpose of evaluating the effect of applying biol-type liquid organic fertilizers on the productive parameters of beans (Phaseolus vulgaris), with the application of two bioles at frequencies of 7, 14 and 21 days, being applied by the drench method, the study factors that were evaluated were, the height of plants, days to flowering, inflorescence per plant, days to harvest, number of seeds per pod and performance (weight in grams). A split plot design was used where the main plot was represented by the bioles and the subplots by their frequency. Obtained as non-significant results, leaving only numerically different results, in the same way it can be indicated that the recommended frequencies for the application of biol can be done at 7 and 14 days, in the same way any of these biols can be used since thanks to its nutritional composition helps the plant to develop regardless of climatic adversities. The two bioles help to reactivate the plants after heavy hailstorms and frosts are effects that were observed in the development of the research, it is recommended to continue using the bioles in future research in climatic conditions, crops and a different area.Item Evaluación tres biopreparados en el cultivo de lechuga (Lactuca sativa)(2023-03) Cunache Lasluisa, Evelyn Andrea; Velástegui Espín, Giovanny PatricioAgriculture is the biggest polluter of groundwater and soil due to the indiscriminate use of agrochemicals, alternatives are currently being sought that allow farmers to reduce their use, that are friendly to the environment For this reason, this research project evaluates 3 biofertilizers of organic origin (biol, fermented nettle and superlean slurry) in the cultivation of lettuce (Lactuca sativa L) at different doses, in the Province of Tungurahua, canton Ambato, Augusto N. Martínez parish, Laquigo neighborhood. The variables plant height were evaluated, plant height, equatorial and polar diameter, root volume, root length, weight and yield per hectare. Obtaining the highest values in the variables height and volume the Superlean biopreparation with a dose of 15%; for the equatorial diameter the best results were obtained with the 5% superlean biopreparation and for the polar diameter variables, longitud radicular, peso de la lechuga y rendimiento por hectárea se obtuvo con el biopreparado super magro a su dosis más alta 25%.Item Compatibilidad y tiempo de sobrevivencia de tres bacterias benéficas de uso agrícola (Bacillus thurigiensis, Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus laterosporus), en bioles(2021-09) Rodríguez Benavides, Pablo Aníbal; Vásquez Freytez, Carlos LuisAt present, the contamination and loss of macro and micro fauna and flora due to the excessive use of pesticides, allows the attack of pests and diseases in crops to be more aggressive and difficult to control. The soil feeds living beings in which millions of microorganisms coexist, forming a total balance of survival. Microorganisms allow plant nutrition, control pests and diseases in crops. In this scientific proposal, the compatibility and survival time of three bacteria of the Bacillus genus, for agricultural use, were evaluated for the improvement of bioles. In each treatment the number of CFU (colony forming units) was evaluated at 30, 60 and 90 days after inoculation in a biol substrate, the treatments were compared with a control where the bacteria were not inoculated. According to the results, the lowest population values were observed 1 month after inoculation of the biol with the different species of Bacillus, in which no effect of the species of bacteria or the applied dose was observed, observing that the number of CFU varied from 188.4 in B. subtilis up to 1186.1 in B. thuringiensis. The evaluations at the second month showed that there was an interaction effect between the bacteria and the dose used, noting that the greatest increase in the number of CFU occurred when B. laterousporus was used at 150 mL / 20L of biol in which it reached 2824.0 CFU (table 8). On the other hand, the following combinations resulted in the lowest populations were B. laterosusporus at 50 mL, B. thuringiensis at the 100 mL dose and B. subtilis at 100 and 150 mL doses. The rest of the treatments showed intermediate values that ranged between 1114.6 and 2215.3 CFU when B. thuringiensis was used at doses of 50 and 150 mL, respectively.Item Evaluación de un residuo líquido orgánico obtenido de un biodigestor en el rendimiento del cultivo de cebolla de rama (Allium fistulosum Linnaeus).(2019-06) Freire Freire, Klever Edisson; Muñoz, ManoloThe research work entitled "Evaluation of an organic liquid residue obtained from a biodigester in the performance of the branch onion crop (Allium fistulosum Linnaeus)" was carried out in order to identify the effects of liquid waste from guinea pigs obtained by a biodigester in Onion cultivation in the parameters of production, this research was carried out on the property of Mr. Bolívar Freire Paredes, from the sector of Surangay, corresponding to the Huambaló parish, Tungurahua Province, at an altitude of 2 968 meters above sea level The randomized block design was applied, in factorial arrangement 3 * 3 + 1 with 3 repetitions, in addition Tukey significance tests were performed at 5% for the treatments that were significant, the following results were obtained: plant height variable the treatment D3F2 (13.16 ml of organic liquid waste / 250 ml of water every 10 days per plant) with an average of 33.77 cm presented the best average and the treatment Witness with an average of 29.67 cm was the lowest, the variable number of tillers per plant the treatment D3F1 (17.18 ml of organic liquid waste / 250 ml of water every 5 days per plant) presented an average of 2.70, the control was the lowest average presented with 1.50 tillers plant. For the pseudostem diameter variable, the D2F2 treatment (10.5 ml of organic liquid waste / 250 ml of water every 10 days per plant) obtained an average of 23.90 mm and the D3F1 treatment (7.18 ml of organic liquid waste / 250 ml of water every 5 days per plant) had the lowest average with 18.93 mm. The root volume variable presented a statistically significant difference. The treatment with the best average was D2F3 (15.75 ml of organic liquid waste / 250 ml of water every 15 days per plant) with an average of 44.80 ml and the one with the lowest average was the control with 18.00 ml. The performance variable presented the treatment D2F1 (5.75 ml of organic liquid waste / 250 ml of water every 5 days per plant) as the best average with 1258,2 Kg/Ha and the lowest was the control with an average of 704,7 Kg/Ha.Item Efecto de los bioles utilizando tres fuentes de nitrógeno en el desarrollo del cultivo de amaranto (Amaranthus quitensis H.B.K.) Y (Amaranthus hypochondriacus L.)(2017) Zuñiga Moreno, Mariana Elizabeth; Aldas Jarrín, Juan CarlosThe present research was carried out to evaluate the effect of bioles on the development of amaranthus (Amaranthus quitensis H.B.K.) and (Amaranthus hypochondriacus L.) in agroecological conditions at the Querochaca Experimental Teaching Farm. The Complete Blocks Design (DBCA) was applied with 6 treatments plus 2 controls x 4 replicates. We performed the analysis of variance, Tukey significance tests at 5% to differentiate the treatments, and tests of Minimum Difference Significant at 5% for factor variables. In the plant height variable, the best treatment was V1N2 (Amaranthus quitensis + biol with alfalfa nitrogen source), with averages of 47,92 cm at the beginning of flowering and 108.8 cm at harvest, because the biol treatment provided the necessary nutrients and phytoregulators for the better development of the crop. The diameter of the stem was determined at the beginning of flowering and harvesting, observing that the V1N3 treatment (Amaranthus quitensis + biol with nitrogen source of vicia) had the best averages with values of 15,65 and 19, 38 mm respectively, these results were probably obtained because the leguminous bioles have a good nitrogen content that positively influences the growth of the plants. When analyze the variable number of panicles, it is evidence that the treatment V1N3 (Amaranthus quitensis + biol with source of nitrogen of vicia) presented the largest number of panicles with an average of 6,525. The application of biol with legumes had a direct influence on this variable because they provide nutrients and phytoregulators necessary for a better vegetative development of the crop. After analyzing the yield variable, it concluded that the treatment V1N2 (Amaranthus quitensis + biol with alfalfa nitrogen source) had the best average yielding a value of 314.19 grams. This variable was influenced by the application of biol with alfalfa nitrogen source due to the fact that this provides the elements such as nitrogen, phytoregulators, necessary in the development of the plant which contributes to improved production.Item Evaluación del uso de tres formulaciones de biol en la producción de papa (Solanum tuberosum l.) variedad Cecilia(2017) Guerrero Núñez, Mayra Anabell; Aldás Jarrín, Juan CarlosThe present work was carried out with the objective of evaluating the yield of potato (Solanum Tuberosum) with the application of three biol formulations in the Experimental Teaching Farm Querochaca at the Technical University of Ambato Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, located in the Canton Cevallos, province of Tungurahua. Its geographical coordinates are 01 ° 21 South latitude and 78 ° 36 West longitude, with an altitude of 2865 m. The objective of this research was: To evaluate the effect of three types of biol on the yield of Cecilia INIAP potato (Solanum Tuberosum L), for which three different formulations of biol were used in doses of 10%, 20% And 30% for application to the crop, which was done every 8 days from before flowering until ripening. In conclusion, it was possible to establish a biol formulation suitable for the performance of Cecilia INIAP potato (Solanum tuberosum), as the research showed favorable results of the variables under study with the B1D3 treatment (Biol 1 + 30% dose). The formulation of Biol 1 with the following products, chicken manure, fresh herbs, alfalfa, molasses, bread yeast, copper sulfate, calcium carbonate, phosphoric rock, magnesium sulfate, borax, micronized sulfur and water. This treatment obtained highly significant results for the variable weight of the first category potato, ranking first (a) with a mean of 1.12 kg. In the variable total weight of the tuber also had highly significant data with a mean of 1.70 kg, in length of tuber had a mean of 12.50 cm, in tuber width an average of 6.23 cm, in yield 17 tn / Ha as mean value and all with high significance. Also in the analysis of benefit-cost ratio, the best result was obtained with this same treatment because it presented a gain of $ 0.43 per one dollar of investment.Item Influencia del abono orgánico biol, sobre el comportamiento agronómico y productividad del cultivo de pimiento (capsicum annuum l.), en el cantón Cumandá provincia de Chimborazo(2016) Masaquiza Chimbolema, María Fernanda; Cruz Tobar, EduardoThis research, influence of biological organic fertilizer on the agronomic performance and productivity of the crop of pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) in the Cumandá canton province of Chimborazo, it held in the sector of the island, had as its objectives assessing the responses of two hybrids of pepper "Hibrido Nathalie" and "Hibrido Martha" three treatments biol different component as Gallinaza, pig manure and cattle on the agronomic characteristics of the crop in different treatments, so the agronomic performance of the pepper crop was determined. An experimental design of divided blocks at random (DBCA) plots was used, the main plot types of biological and subplots varieties with three replications, then the INFOSTAT program was used for data processing and economically evaluated treatments . The evaluated variables were plant height, number of fruits per plant, fruit diameter, fruit length, fruit weight and yield treatments gave higher productivity based on bioles were biol manure and biological pork, showing high fruit yield. Thus reaching the view that the cultivation of pepper with beef biol not respond because yields are low.Item Respuesta agronómica del cultivo de coliflor (Brassica oleracea var. skywalker) a la aplicación del biol enriquecido(2014) Oñate Moreno, Edison Xavier; Cruz, Eduardo; Curay, SegundoEl presente trabajo de investigación titulado “RESPUESTA AGRONÓMICA DEL CULTIVO DE COLIFLOR (Brassica oleracea var. skywalker)” A LA APLICACIÓN DE BIOL ENRIQUECIDO” se llevó a cabo en la provincia de Cotopaxi, cantón Latacunga, parroquia Guaytacama, barrio Pupana Norte, ubicado en las siguientes coordenadas geográficas: 00º 49’ de latitud sur y a los 78º de longitud occidental, a la altitud de 2.906 m.s.n.m. Con el propósito de: determinar la mejor dosis de aplicación de biol enriquecido (D1= 15 cc/litro, D2 = 30 cc/litro, D3 = 45 cc/litro), y la frecuencia adecuada de aplicación (F1 = cada 15 días, F2= cada 20 días, F3 = cada 25 días) que permita incrementar el rendimiento en el cultivo de coliflor, además de ello se plantearon 2 testigos (T1 = sin aplicación) y (T2 = aplicación de abono químico), además de ello determinar la eficiencia económica de los tratamientos. Se empleó el diseño experimental de bloques completamente al azar (DBCA), con un arreglo factorial de 3 (dosis) x 3 (frecuencias) +2 (testigos), con cuatro repeticiones. Los tratamientos fueron nueve, producto de la combinación de los factores en estudio más los dos testigos. Se efectuó el análisis de variancia (ADEVA) de acuerdo al diseño experimental ya mencionado, pruebas de significación de Tukey al 5%. La eficiencia económica de cada tratamiento se determinó mediante el cálculo d la relación beneficio costo. La aplicación de la dosis de 45 cc de biol enriquecido/ litro de agua (D3), produjo los mejores resultados, incidiendo favorablemente en el crecimiento y desarrollo de las plantas, también en la calidad de las pellas; al acortar el tiempo desde el trasplante hasta la formación de la pella (83,67 días), precocidad del ciclo de cultivo (103,25 días), mejor diámetro ecuatorial de la pella (17,08 cm), con mayor peso de la pella (1,16 kg), de tal manera el rendimiento fue mayor (46,16 t/ha), por lo tanto la dosis de biol enriquecido ya mencionada es la apropiada ya que a más de incrementar la producción y productividad del cultivo, no afecta significativamente al medio ambiente. La frecuencia de aplicación de cada 15 días (F1), produjo los mejores resultados, al influenciar favorablemente en el cultivo, logrando acortar el tiempo desde el trasplante hasta la formación de la pella (84,42 días), como también precocidad del ciclo de cultivo (104,17 días), mejor diámetro ecuatorial de la pella (16,64 cm), con mayor peso de la pella (1,10 kg), de tal manera que se obtuvieron los más altos rendimientos (45,80 t/ha),siendo la frecuencia apropiada para la aplicación de biol enriquecido. Del análisis económico se concluye que el tratamiento D3F1 (45 cc de biol enriquecido, cada 15 días) alcanzo la mayor relación beneficio costo de $ 2,30, en donde los beneficios netos por cada dólar invertido fueron $1,30, por lo que se justifica desde el punto de vista económico la utilización de biol enriquecido en la dosis y frecuencia ya mencionada.Item Aplicación de dosis de biol para la brotación de tubérculos de papa (Solanum tuberosum L.) VAR. fripapa(2015-02-26) Zúñiga Moreno, Jorge Adolfo; Valle, LucianoLa investigación se realizó en la propiedad de la Sra. Verónica Tirado, ubicada en la comunidad Puñachizac, cantón Quero, provincia Tungurahua. Las coordenadas geográficas son: al norte: 01°19’33” S y 78°35’34” W. Al sur: 01°2’30” S y 78°37’00” W. Al este: 01°21’11” S Y 78°35’17” W y al oeste: 01°19’ 31” S y 78°38’30” W, con el propósito de: evaluar la influencia de tres dosis de Biol (1 l/10 l D1, 2 l/10 l D2 y 3 l/10 l D3) y tres tiempos de inmersión ( 1 hora T1, 2 horas T2 y 3 horas T3), en la brotación del tubérculo de papa (Solanum tuberosum L.) variedad Fripapa; a más de, efectuar el análisis de costos de cada uno de los tratamientos. Se empleó el diseño experimental de bloques completamente al azar (DBCA) en arreglo factorial de 3 x 3 + 1, con tres repeticiones. El total de tratamientos fueron 10 (nueve que recibieron aplicación de biol y un testigo que no recibió aplicación). Se efectuó el análisis de variancia, de acuerdo al diseño experimental planteado. Pruebas de significación de Tukey al 5%, para diferenciar entre tratamientos, factores en estudio e interacción. Polinomios ortogonales con cálculo de correlación y regresión para los factores dosis de biol y tiempo de inmersión. El análisis económico de los tratamientos, se efectuó mediante el análisis de costos de producción de cada tratamiento. Con la aplicación de biol en la dosis de 3 l/10 l de agua (D3), se alcanzaron los mejores resultados, consiguiéndose acortar los días al inicio de la brotación (18,11 días), los más altos porcentajes de tubérculos brotados (90,00%); mayor número de brotes por tubérculo a los 48 días (4,73 brotes) y a los 64 días (5,19 brotes), con mayor longitud del brote a los 48 días (9,02 cm) y a los 64 días (9,99 cm) y mejor diámetro del brote a los 64 días (0,45 cm). El sumergir los tubérculos de papa semilla por el lapso de tiempo de tres horas (T3), fue el tratamiento que mejores resultados reportó, lográndose acortar los días al inicio de la brotación (20,00 días), se obtuvo mayor porcentaje de tubérculos brotados (82,22%), con mejor número de brotes por tubérculo a los 64 días (5,06 brotes) y mejor diámetro del brote a los 64 días (0,40 cm). Del análisis de costos se concluye que, el mayor costo de producción correspondió al tratamiento D3T3 (3 l/10 l de agua, 3 horas), con $ 7,19; causado básicamente por la mayor cantidad de biol utilizado y por el mayor tiempo de inmersión; mientras que el menor costo fue del tratamiento testigo con $ 5,58, cuyo menor precio se debe a la ausencia de aplicación de biol.Item Determinar la compatibilidad y el tiempo de sobrevivencia en cuatro microorganismos benéficos de uso agrícola: Trichoderma harzianum, Metarhizium anisopliae, Beauveria bassiana y Paecilomyces lilacinus en bioles(2014-07-24) Chungata Tacuri, Luís Benigno; Zurita Vásquez, José HernánLa investigación realizada en la granja del H. Gobierno. Provincial de Tungurahua, para “determinar la compatibilidad y el tiempo de sobrevivencia de cuatro microorganismos benéficos de uso agrícola en los bioles”. Resultados: a los 30 días, se obtiene los 3 géneros de hongos, Metarhizium sp, Trichoderma sp. y Beauveria sp (Anexo3) con poblaciones altas, que conviven en el biol, (T3 con 914.777,77) Upc por c/ml, con pH de 3,80. En el segundo análisis (60 días), se verifica 3 géneros de hongos Trichoderma, Metarhizium y Paecilomyces sp. (Anexo 4) superan los niveles poblacionales del primero (T2 con 2.090.033,33). Upc. por c/ml con pH 4,95; se verifica que la mayor propagación, es a los 60 días, tienen altas concentraciones de Upc por c/ml. de biol y en los 30, días el contenido microbiano y el análisis químico es menor.