Ciencias Agropecuarias

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    Determinación del Kc Y Etp en las etapas fenológicas de (Allium cepa L) Variedad Burguesa, bajo las condiciones climáticas de Querochaca
    (2023-03) Salazar Altamirano, Ricardo Marcelo; Gutiérrez Albán, Alberto Cristóbal
    The research project with the theme: "Determination of Kc and Etp in the Phenological Stages of(Allium cepa L) Bourgeois Varietyunder the climatic conditions ofQuerochaca" was conducted in the province of Tungurahua, canton Cevallos on the grounds of the Faculty of Agricultural Sciences of Universidad Técnica de Ambato, at an altitude of 2865 masl, its geographical coordinates are 01°22'02" South latitude and 78°36'20" West longitude. The main basis ofthis research project isto establish the time that each phenological stage of the onion (Allium cepa L) Bourgeois Variety crop lasts, from sowing to harvest, to calculate the crop coefficient (Kc) and the crop evapotranspiration. For this purpose, it is important to know the incidence of climate during crop development. To obtain the installation coefficient Kc of the onion crop (Allium cepa L) Bourgeois Variety, it is necessary to know the value of the initial stage and development stage of the crop. The value of the installation coefficient (KTan) is obtained by multiplying the data of wind speed and relative humidity. The value of potential evapotranspiration (Etp) is obtained by multiplying the evaporation with the installation coefficient (KTan). The crop evapotranspiration value (Etc) is obtained by multiplying the potential evapotranspiration (Etp) with the crop coefficient (Kc). The value of the water balance is obtained by subtracting crop evapotranspiration (ETc) with precipitation. The onion (Allium cepa L) crop in the initial stage had a period of 28 days from sowing, which was on May 23th until June 20th, when it was transplanted. The development stage lasted 6 months fromtransplanting on June 21st to harvesting on December 20th . The value of the crop coefficient Kc at the initial stage was 0.7 and ended at a value of 1.04 at the harvest stage. In the initial stage the average value of the potential Evapotranspiration (Etp) was 1.7, the value of the crop evapotranspiration (Etc) was 1.24. In the development stage, the average value of potential Evapotranspiration (Etp) was 2.49, the value of crop Evapotranspiration (ETc) was 2.17
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    Evaluación de un residuo líquido orgánico obtenido de un biodigestor en el rendimiento del cultivo de cebolla de rama (Allium fistulosum Linnaeus).
    (2019-06) Freire Freire, Klever Edisson; Muñoz, Manolo
    The research work entitled "Evaluation of an organic liquid residue obtained from a biodigester in the performance of the branch onion crop (Allium fistulosum Linnaeus)" was carried out in order to identify the effects of liquid waste from guinea pigs obtained by a biodigester in Onion cultivation in the parameters of production, this research was carried out on the property of Mr. Bolívar Freire Paredes, from the sector of Surangay, corresponding to the Huambaló parish, Tungurahua Province, at an altitude of 2 968 meters above sea level The randomized block design was applied, in factorial arrangement 3 * 3 + 1 with 3 repetitions, in addition Tukey significance tests were performed at 5% for the treatments that were significant, the following results were obtained: plant height variable the treatment D3F2 (13.16 ml of organic liquid waste / 250 ml of water every 10 days per plant) with an average of 33.77 cm presented the best average and the treatment Witness with an average of 29.67 cm was the lowest, the variable number of tillers per plant the treatment D3F1 (17.18 ml of organic liquid waste / 250 ml of water every 5 days per plant) presented an average of 2.70, the control was the lowest average presented with 1.50 tillers plant. For the pseudostem diameter variable, the D2F2 treatment (10.5 ml of organic liquid waste / 250 ml of water every 10 days per plant) obtained an average of 23.90 mm and the D3F1 treatment (7.18 ml of organic liquid waste / 250 ml of water every 5 days per plant) had the lowest average with 18.93 mm. The root volume variable presented a statistically significant difference. The treatment with the best average was D2F3 (15.75 ml of organic liquid waste / 250 ml of water every 15 days per plant) with an average of 44.80 ml and the one with the lowest average was the control with 18.00 ml. The performance variable presented the treatment D2F1 (5.75 ml of organic liquid waste / 250 ml of water every 5 days per plant) as the best average with 1258,2 Kg/Ha and the lowest was the control with an average of 704,7 Kg/Ha.
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    Evaluación de tres formas de curado de la cebolla híbrido burguesa (Allium cepa L.) para extender el tiempo de vida del bulbo
    (2017) Guangasi Tigse, Edgar Fabián; Pérez Salinas, Marco Oswaldo
    The present work was carried out with the purpose of evaluating three ways of curing the bourgeois hybrid onion (Allium cepa L.) to extend the life of the bulb. The experiment was carried out on the property of Mr. Luis Guangasi, located in the province of Tungurahua, Canton Ambato, Izamba Parish, San Jacinto neighborhood, located 7.5 km north of the city of Ambato, at an altitude of 2740 msnm, Whose geographic coordinates are: 01 15 '12' South latitude and 78 39 '59' West longitude (Data taken with GPS). A split plot design with factorial arrangement 3 * 3 was used, with three replications, with the main plots being assigned to curing forms factor. Statistical analyzes were performed to determine that the shortest curing time occurred when the bulbs were placed under plastic cover A2 with an average of 25 days, possibly because the higher temperature and lower humidity present in this environment resulted in a faster drying of The bulbs. The loss of moisture was greater with curing under plastic cover with a value of 31% due to the conditions of relative humidity and temperature existing under this cover which allows a better drying of the bulbs and therefore smaller postharvest losses due to the attack Of diseases. In the variable bulb diameter no statistical variations were observed in the post-harvest process using different curing forms, but if variations are distinguished when analyzing the categories what can be explained saying that having started with bulbs of different diameter logically this difference was maintained Until the end of the experiment. Analyzed the variable diameter of the bulb neck it was established that the outdoor curing was the best for this variable with values of 10.99 mm at 5 days, 8.20 at 10 days, 4.74 mm at 15 days And 3.47 mm at 20 days. While the categories had a decrease in the diameter of the similar neck reaching a permanence from the 20 days until the end of the test.
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    Efecto del extracto de cebolla de bulbo (Allium cepa), dentro de una estrategia de manejo ecológico de la pudrición blanca (Sclerotium cepivorum Berk.), que ataca al cultivo de ajo (Allium sativum)
    (2014-11-14) Paredes Solís, Marco Onofre; Rodríguez Aguirre, Fidel
    La presente investigación se realizó en la parroquia Juan Benigno Vela, cantón Ambato, provincia de Tungurahua, entre las coordenadas geográficas, 078° 41’ 25” de longitud oeste, 01° 18’ 19” de latitud sur, a una altura de 3.191 msnm. El sector donde se llevó a cabo el presente ensayo, corresponde a las siguientes condiciones ecológicas, según el Ministerio de Agricultura y Ganadería (1980). Formación : Bosque húmedo Piso altitudinal : Montano (bh-M) Temperatura : 6 a 12 °C Precipitación : 500 a 700 mm Relación de evapotranspiración potencial : 0,5 a 1,0 mm Asociación : Edáfica seca Se utilizó un Diseño de Bloques completos al Azar, en arreglo factorial 4 x 4 +2 testigos, con cinco repeticiones. Se efectuó el análisis de varianza (ADEVA) y pruebas de Tukey al 5% para los efectos principales e interacciones, comparaciones ortogonales entre el testigo químico y absoluto vs. el resto de tratamientos; además se realizaron polinomios ortogonales para frecuencias. Una vez detectada significación estadística se procedió a calcular regresión lineal, cuadrática y cúbica para ciertas variables. Los objetivos del presente trabajo fueron: - Determinar el efecto del extracto de cebolla (Allium cepa), en el manejo estratégico de la pudrición blanca (Sclerotium cepivorum Berk.) en el cultivo de ajo (Allium sativum). - Evaluar la efectividad de la germinación inducida a los esclerocios de Sclerotium cepivorum Berk. con el uso del extracto de cebolla de bulbo. - Establecer el período de acción efectivo de las sustancias secretadas por cebolla de bulbo, en presencia del cultivo de ajo como indicador. - Determinar la concentración más efectiva del extracto activador de los esclerocios. Del análisis de los datos obtenidos se concluyó que: En la variable porcentaje de incidencia y severidad de la enfermedad en las hojas a los 90 días los mejores tratamientos fueron; F3C1 (Siembra de ajo a los 40 días de aplicado el extracto; concentración del extracto 1 Kg en 2 litros de agua), F3C3, F4C1, TQ, TA y a los 120 días, el testigo químico (Terraclor 5g/lt) al ubicarse en el primer rango, seguido del tratamiento F4C1. Mientras que en la variable número de plantas muertas a los 120 días, el mejor tratamiento fue el testigo químico (Terraclor 5g/lt) ocupando el primer rango con 0 plantas muertas, seguido de los tratamientos F3C2, F2C1 y F2C3 con 3,6 plantas muertas; a los 150 días después de la siembra, teniendo en el primer rango al testigo químico (Terraclor 5g/lt) con un promedio de 2,4 plantas muertas, seguido de los tratamiento F2C1, F4C2, F3C1 y F3C2. En la variable porcentaje de incidencia y severidad de la enfermedad en los bulbos a la cosecha los mejores tratamientos fueron; F2C1 (Siembra de ajo a los 30 días de aplicado el extracto; concentración del extracto 1 Kg en 2 litros de agua), F2C2, F2C3, F3C1, F3C2, F1C1, F1C2, F4C1, F4C2 y TQ. En la variable rendimiento el mejor tratamiento fue el testigo químico (Terraclor 5g/lt), al reportar un rendimiento de 10 064,5 kg/ha, es decir 201 qq/ha; seguido del tratamiento F3C1 que reportó 9 096,8 kg/ha, es decir 181 qq/ha. Mediante el análisis económico se determinó que el testigo químico (Terraclor 5g/litro) presentó el mayor beneficio neto de 12,14 dólares, constituyendo una de las mejores alternativas económicas para el productor de ajo, seguido del tratamiento F3C1 (siembra de ajo a los 40 días de aplicado el extracto; concentración del extracto 1 Kg en 2 litros de agua), pese a ofrecer un menor beneficio neto que el anterior el cual fue de 4,79 dólares, constituyendo otra de las alternativas económicas y ecológicas para el productor de ajo.