Ciencias Agropecuarias
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Item Evaluación de dietas arbustivas sobre el comportamiento productivo y etológico en gazapos (Cavia porcellus) desde el nacimiento hasta recría I(2024-02) Velasteguí Zurita, Enrique Ronaldo; Avilés Esquivel, Diana FernandaThe purpose of this research was to evaluate the productive and behavioral parameters in gazapos fed with bush diets, with an inclusion of 40% alfalfa (Medicago sativa), 40% chilca (Baccharis latifolia) and 40% dill (Anethum graveolens), thus forming T1, T2 and T3. Using a completely randomized block design and discrete focal sampling. Two stages were evaluated: lactation and weaning, with a duration of 15 days respectively, completing the study in 30 days. In the first stage (lactation), there was statistical significance in weaning weight, with the best treatment being T1 (263.51 g), over T3 (254.13 g) and T2 (231.25 g); no significant difference was found in the variable birth weight or weight gain at weaning. In the second stage (weaning), T1 (359.71 g) showed high statistical significance in weight at the end of rearing, over T3 (346.82 g) and T2 (330.47 g). Regarding feed conversion, T2 (3.42 g/g) stood out over TI (3.58 g/g) and T3 (3.68 g/g), weight gain at this stage was also better in T2 (99.22 g), over T1 (96.2 g) and T3 (92.68 g), finally, lower mortality was reported in T3 (0.7%). It was concluded that T1 showed better productive results over T2 and T3. The behavioral parameters that showed statistical significance in the lactation stage were: feeding and rest, in both cases, due to the influence of the mothers, through colostrum consumption and concentrate consumption. For the weaning stage, the three treatments behaved in a similar way, so that no significant statistical differences were reported among them. Key words: Productivity, ethogram, lactation, weaning, alternative diets, guinea pigItem Evaluación de dietas arbustivas sobre el comportamiento etológico e índices productivos de cuyes hembra (Cavia porcellus) en engorde(2024-02) Garcés Garcés, Jorge Luis; Avilés Esquivel, Diana FernandaThis research evaluated the effect of shrub diets on the behavior and productive indices of fattening female guinea pigs (Cavia porcellus), using the following treatments: T1: alfalfa (M. sativa), T2: chilca (B. latifolia), T3: dill (A. graveolens) and a completely randomized block experimental design was used, which were established according to four weight ranges: B1: 750 -800, B2: 801 - 850, B3: 851 - 900, B4: 901 -950; in each block were administered the 3 treatments mentioned above thus obtaining four replicates per treatment, 72 female guinea pigs and 12 male guinea pigs were acquired and then distributed in each block, placing 6 females and 1 male per pool, the male remained with the females during the first 15 days of the research with the intention of evaluating the sexual behavior of the aminals. The behavior was evaluated by means of a filmic record during the 75 days of the research and the days and hours when there was more activity were selected for the elaboration of an ethogram recording each one of the animal's behaviors; while, for the variables of the productive indexes, records of weight, food offered, rejected and number of dead animals were filled in. The results for feed consumption were as follows: T1: 1922.39 g, T2: 1877.62 g, T3: 1803.16 g; weight gain reported T1: 376.38 g, T2: 303.33 g, T3: 262.38 g; and feed conversion was T1: 5.24, T2: 6.43, T3: 6.89; in addition, a mortality of T1: 4.16%, T2: 8.33% and T3: 8.33% was reported as a result of poor management of the animals. Despite this, it was not possible to demonstrate significant differences between treatments for both behavioral variables and productive indexes, thus concluding that non-conventional bush diets work adequately as a feeding alternative for female guinea pigs in the fattening stage. Key words: Animal genetic resources, alternative diets, ethogram, native guinea pigs, feed conversión