Ciencias Agropecuarias
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Item Introducción de tres híbridos de tomate hortícola (Lycopersicum esculentum L.) a las condiciones climáticas de Huachi Grande-Ambato(2023-09) Supe Camino, Wellington Wladimir; Curay Quispe, Segundo EuclidesThe tomato crop (Solanum lycopersicum L.) is a vegetable that is consumed worldwide and is marketed in different markets, due to its high nutritional value; however, there is a wide variety of horticultural tomatoes on the market for fresh consumption or For industries, which are produced throughout the year and in different parts of the world and due to their high economic value, they are grown outdoors or under plastic covers, which improves the yield in each production. The present investigation was carried out in the Huachi Grande Parish, the objective was the introduction of three new horticultural tomato hybrids to the climatic conditions of the sector, which is between an average of 14.5 ° C. The completely randomized block design and the SPSS Statistics program were used using the Scheffe test for a significance level of p<0.05. The introduced hybrids were Alyanak F1, Firat, Hybrix, and a commercial control Daniela, each of them have specific characteristics that differentiate it from one another and their variables to study were plant height, stem diameter, height at first bunch, distance between bunches, number of fruits per bunch, equatorial diameter, polar diameter and yield in kg/h in a period of 20, 60, 80 days. The treatment that obtained a superior result was Hybrix (TO-HY100055), with a stem height of 173 cm, with a greater number of fruits 9 and distance between clusters 33 cm, and with a yield of 22.2 kg/ha while the hybrid Firat its yield was 22.0 kg/ha and the Daniela obtained 18.6 kg/ha with the same distance between clusters with 29 cm and with different stem heights with 158 cm and 147 cm.Item Determinación del Kc Y Etp en las etapas fenológicas de (Allium cepa L) Variedad Burguesa, bajo las condiciones climáticas de Querochaca(2023-03) Salazar Altamirano, Ricardo Marcelo; Gutiérrez Albán, Alberto CristóbalThe research project with the theme: "Determination of Kc and Etp in the Phenological Stages of(Allium cepa L) Bourgeois Varietyunder the climatic conditions ofQuerochaca" was conducted in the province of Tungurahua, canton Cevallos on the grounds of the Faculty of Agricultural Sciences of Universidad Técnica de Ambato, at an altitude of 2865 masl, its geographical coordinates are 01°22'02" South latitude and 78°36'20" West longitude. The main basis ofthis research project isto establish the time that each phenological stage of the onion (Allium cepa L) Bourgeois Variety crop lasts, from sowing to harvest, to calculate the crop coefficient (Kc) and the crop evapotranspiration. For this purpose, it is important to know the incidence of climate during crop development. To obtain the installation coefficient Kc of the onion crop (Allium cepa L) Bourgeois Variety, it is necessary to know the value of the initial stage and development stage of the crop. The value of the installation coefficient (KTan) is obtained by multiplying the data of wind speed and relative humidity. The value of potential evapotranspiration (Etp) is obtained by multiplying the evaporation with the installation coefficient (KTan). The crop evapotranspiration value (Etc) is obtained by multiplying the potential evapotranspiration (Etp) with the crop coefficient (Kc). The value of the water balance is obtained by subtracting crop evapotranspiration (ETc) with precipitation. The onion (Allium cepa L) crop in the initial stage had a period of 28 days from sowing, which was on May 23th until June 20th, when it was transplanted. The development stage lasted 6 months fromtransplanting on June 21st to harvesting on December 20th . The value of the crop coefficient Kc at the initial stage was 0.7 and ended at a value of 1.04 at the harvest stage. In the initial stage the average value of the potential Evapotranspiration (Etp) was 1.7, the value of the crop evapotranspiration (Etc) was 1.24. In the development stage, the average value of potential Evapotranspiration (Etp) was 2.49, the value of crop Evapotranspiration (ETc) was 2.17Item Evaluación agronómica de tres variedades de Fréjol arbustivo (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) bajo las condiciones climáticas de la comunidad de Rumichaca del cantón Pelileo(2019-08) Curay Palate, Jessica Daniela; Dobronski Arcos, JorgeThe research work was carried out to evaluate the agronomic behavior of three varieties of beans. Which was carried out on the property of Mr. José Curay, located in the Rumichaca community, El Rosario parish, Pelileo canton, Tungurahua province located 6 km from Pelileo canton, with an altitude of 2700 meters above sea level, whose geographic coordinates are: 01º 27 ́28 ́ ́ South latitude and 78º 62 ́37 ́ ́ West longitude. For the evaluation, a completely randomized blocks design (DBCA) with six repetitions was applied, the analysis of variance (ADEVA) was carried out and the Tukey significance tests were carried out at 5%, where the following results were obtained: for the variable days to the germination Canary obtained an average of 10.33 days, Butter an average 10.67 days and Calima with an average of 11.33 days. In the variable germination percentage the averages were for Canary 93.94%, Calima 87.22% and Butter with 80.56%. These data were taken 20 days after sowing. For the number of days to flowering Butter turned out to be the earliest with an average of 45.83 days, Calima obtained an average of 55.33 days and Canary with an average of 84 days. In the variable days to the harvest in tender Butter obtained an average of 120.5 days, Calima with an average of 134.67 days and Canary with an average of 157.17; Likewise, on the days when the dry harvest was obtained, different averages were obtained for Butter with 138.33 days, Calima with 154.50 days and finally Canary with 179 days. The cultivars were located in the following manner: Butter as precocious, Calima as intermediate and Canary as late. For the dry yield variable, Canario obtained the highest average with 2673.25 kg / ha, butter with an average of 2234.37 kg / ha and finally the Calima with an average of 1753.47 kg / ha. The three varieties adapted perfectly to the test site, Calima and Butter obtained a lower yield in relation to the Canary which surpassed the other varietiesItem Comportamiento agronómico de bulbos de azafrán (crocus sativus l.). en diferentes sustratos(2018) Flores Pimbo, David Marcelo; León Gordón, Olguer AlfredoThe trial was conducted in the Province: Tungurahua, Canton: Ambato, Parish: Huachi Chico. On the property of the Flores Family, located 10 km south of the city, located at a length of 78 ° 37'50 ", and a latitude of 1 ° 16'59" and an altitude of 2572 masl; with the objective of: determining the agronomic behavior of the saffron bulbs in substrates: peat and coconut fiber and the 50% combination of the aforementioned substrates, besides establishing the adequate management of the saffron crop (Crocus sativus L. ) under climatic conditions of the Ambato canton Huachi Chico parish. The treatments were 3; Treatment 1 (T1 bulbs planted in 100% coconut fiber), Treatment 2 (T2 bulbs planted in 100% peat) and Treatment 3 (T3 bulbs planted with 50% coconut fiber + 50% peat). The experimental design was used completely at random. With three treatments and 10 repetitions. The Tukey test at 5% significance was used to compare average treatments. The results and observations obtained in the test, show that Crocus sativus saffron cultivation can be carried out under the climatic conditions of the Ambato canton, since it was adapted to the humidity and temperature conditions. The combination of coconut fiber and peat gave the substrate greater capacity for aeration, drainage, promoted a rapid and healthy development of both the aerial part and the root system, reporting the plants that developed under these conditions: better plant height, both at 30 days (3.12 cm), and at 60 days (7.09 cm), at 90 days (10.48 cm), at 120 days (17.69 cm) and at 160 days (24, 51 cm) of the planting, an average of 161.5 days at flowering and an average of 12.3 days at emergence. The percentage of emergence and number of flowers per plant were not directly linked to the use of substrates, these variables are subject to the caliber of bulbs and rupture of dormancy, phytosanitary status. The use of substrates had no impact on the emergency rate but it did provide an adequate environment for its development.Item Etapas fenológicas del maíz (Zea mays L.) VAR. Tusilla bajo las condiciones climáticas del cantón Cumandá, provincia de Chimborazo(2017) Guzmán Buñay, Dennys Alexander; Gutiérrez A., AlbertoThe research work was carried out with the aim of contributing and generating data on the maize (Zea mays L) cultivation cycle, var. Tusillla to program the commercialization and the volumes of water to be applied in each phenological stage, to be divulged to the producers and for educational purposes the experimentation was carried out in the Canton Cumandá, province of Chimborazo, in the sector known as "La Victoria" in The Rosero estate located on the Bucay-Riobamba road with geographical coordinates: Latitude: S 2 ° 20 'and Longitude: W 79 ° 15' at an altitude of 312 meters above sea level. Statistical analysis was applied with means of central tendency (Means, Standard deviation), the results were as follows, for the plant height variable in the final stage of the culture the average was 285.2 cm, for the root depth variable in the Same stage presented an average of 38.9 cm, relating height and radical depth we have 1/5 of the aerial part with the radical depth. In the variable days at harvest, the time from planting to dry harvest was 141 days. This is due to the climatic conditions presented in the experiment especially in relation to the high relative humidity. In the variable coefficient of the maize crop, the values given by FAO56 were taken where the coefficient of cultivation (Kc) for the initial stage is 0.7 with a duration of 21 days, at the development stage the crop coefficient increases, up to To reach its maximum crop coefficient (Kc), which is 1.20, this occurs after 44 days, in the intermediate stage the consumptive use of the plant reaches its highest point the value of Kc 1.20 remains constant for 42 days, in the Final stage the Kc descends until reaching 0.60 with a duration of 34 days. The phenological stages of maize cultivation in the climatic conditions of Cumandá, had these durations for the initial stage 21 days, for the stage of development 44 days, for the intermediate stage or mid season the duration was 42 days and For the final stage or maturing 34 days, which allows us to know when the crop needs more or less water and fertilizers in addition can be scheduled the moment the product is ready to be marketedItem Etapas fenológicas del cultivo del pimiento (Capsicum annuum. L) VAR. Verde, bajo las condiciones climáticas del cantón general Antonio Elizalde (Bucay) provincia del Guayas(2017) Buñay Vallejo, Cristhian Jhon; Gutiérrez A., AlbertoThe research work was carried out with the aim of determining the cycle of cultivation of pepper var. Verde, in the climatic conditions of General Antonio Elizalde (Bucay), province of Guayas, the research work was carried out on the estate of Mr. Olmedo Buñay in the general Antonio Elizalde (Bucay), Guayas province, located in the Sector of the Bucay road - Enclosure. Lemon River. The geographical coordinates are: 2 ° 20 'South latitude and 79 ° 15' West longitude with an altitude of 320 meters above sea level. Statistical analyzes were applied with means of central tendency (Medias, Standard deviation), where the following results were obtained for the variable plant height in the intermediate stage of the crop presented an average of 30.9 cm, for the variable depth in the Intermediate stage presented an average of 27.2 cm, data that when relating them one obtains 1 to 1 of the aerial part with the depth of the root. For the variable coefficient of the pepper crop, the values given by FAO56 were taken where the coefficient of cultivation (Kc) for the initial stage is 0.6 with a duration of 25 days, at the development stage the crop coefficient increases, then Of 45 days reaches its maximum crop coefficient (Kc) of 1.15 that presented in the intermediate stage, in this stage the consumptive use of the plant reaches its highest point the value of the crop coefficient (Kc) remains constant for 38 Days here the crop reaches its commercial maturity. In the variable days at harvest the days from sowing to harvest were 108 this is due to the climatic conditions under which the work was carried out during the period of the research work. The phenological stages of the pepper crop in the climatic conditions of the general canton Antonio Elizalde, province of Guayas had for the initial stage a duration of 25 days, for the development stage a duration of 45 days and for the intermediate or mid season season The duration was 38 days which allows us to know the time when the crop needs more or less water and fertilizers additionally that with this we know the time when the product is ready and in this way allows us to satisfy the demand of the local market . KEYWORDS: Phenological stages, pepper, crop coefficient, root depth, plant height.Item Determinación de las etapas fenológicas del cultivo de alfalfa (Medicago sativa) VAR. morada paisana bajo las condiciones climáticas del cantón Cevallos(2016) Pombosa Villamarin, Andrea Patricia; Gutiérrez Albán, Alberto CristóbalEl presente trabajo de investigación titulado “determinación de las etapas fenológicas del cultivo de alfalfa (Medicago sativa) var. morada paisana bajo las condiciones climáticas del Cantón Cevallos” se lo llevo a cabo en la Granja Experimental Docente ´´Querochaca´´ propiedad de la Universidad Técnica de Ambato, Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias, ubicada en el cantón Cevallos, provincia de Tungurahua. Sus coordenadas geográficas son 01° 21´ de latitud Sur y 78° 36´ de longitud Oeste, con una altitud de 2865 msnm. El problema central en el cultivo de alfalfa en el Cantón Cevallos es que en la mayoría de agricultores existe un desconocimiento de las etapas fenológicas del cultivo de Alfalfa (Medicago sativa), y la duración de cada una de estas etapas, lo que influye que se aplica un riego inadecuado, lo cual puede provocar grandes pérdidas de productividad y reducción. El objetivo general de esta investigación fue establecer los parámetros fenológicos locales y la profundidad radicular del cultivo Alfalfa (Medicago sativa) var. Morada paisana, bajo las condiciones climáticas del Cantón Cevallos, para ello se trabajó en determinar la duración de cada una de las etapas fenológicas del cultivo de Alfalfa (Medicago sativa), var. Morada paisana, construir la curva del coeficiente (Kc) del cultivo de Alfalfa (Medicago sativa) var. Morada paisa, calcular la Evapotranspiración del cultivo (ETc) del cultivo Alfalfa (Medicago sativa) var. Morada paisa, determinar la profundidad radicular en cada una de las etapas fenológicas del cultivo de Alfalfa (Medicago sativa) var. Morada paisa. La duración de las etapas fenológicas que se obtuvieron del cultivo de alfalfa (Medicago sativa) var. Morada paisana fue de 227 días, con una duración en la Etapa Inicial de 21 días, en la etapa de desarrollo 58 días, 55 días la etapa intermedia. En el transcurso de la etapa inicial, etapa de desarrollo y etapa intermedia tuvo una duración de 134 días, en el primer corte. Para su segundo corte la duración de la etapa de desarrollo fue de 57 días y en la etapa intermedia con 36 días. La construcción de la Curva del Coeficiente (Kc) del cultivo de Alfalfa (Medicago sativa) var. Morada paisana, empezó con un Kc de 0.40. En la etapa de desarrollo el coeficiente de cultivo (Kc) va desde 0.40 hasta 0.95. A la etapa intermedia el coeficiente del cultivo (Kc) permanece en 0.95 los 55 días que duró el periodo de la etapa. Para calcular el valor de (ETc), Trezza y Andino se han basado en la siguiente fórmula: ETc=Kc*ETp ETc: Evapotranspiración de del cultivo (mm/día) Kc: Coeficiente del cultivo ETp o ETo: Evaporación del tanque evaporímetro (mm/día) En cuanto a la profundidad radicular en cada una de las etapas fenológicas del cultivo de Alfalfa (Medicago sativa) var. Morada paisana, se pudo determinar que en la etapa inicial tuvo un crecimiento radicular de 4.9 cm de profundidad. En la etapa de desarrollo la raíz alcanzó 20,1 cm, en la etapa intermedia alcanzo una profundidad radicular de 34,2 cm. Para el segundo corte la etapa de desarrollo presento un promedio radicular de 42,2 cm, y finalmente la etapa intermedia presento una profundidad de 57,4 cm.