Ciencias Agropecuarias
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Item Aislamiento de microorganismos benéficos asociados en plantas sanas de fresa (Fragaria x Ananassa) en la comunidad Angahuana Bajo(2025-02) Iza Bravo Liliana Patricia; Pomboza Tamaquiza Pedro PabloThe present study carried out on the isolation of associated beneficial microorganisms in healthy strawberry plants (Fraggaria ananassa). Soil samples were obtained from strawberry crops located in the Angahuana Bajo community, Santa Rosa Parish. It was obtained from 8 plants from two plots. Culture media were prepared and the microorganisms were inoculated in each Petri dish. The plates were then analyzed with the help of a microscope and information on colony formation was recorded. The developed fungi were isolated and performed by microculture to obtain pure cultures. These samples were identified and morphological characterization was carried out. The number of hyphae, conidia, conidiophores and number of spores were counted. The front and back color of each mushroom was recorded. The main results obtained were the isolation of 5 fungi which were identified and characterized. Within the study carried out, 4 species of pathogenic fungi and one beneficial fungus were found. In the rhizosphere soil, the genus Fusarium sp and the genus Penicillium sp were the most frequently colonized by pathogenic fungi; the genus Brachysporium sp and Cladosporium sp were less frequently colonized, and the beneficial fungus was found to be the genus Trichoderma sp. The beneficial fungus helps to improve the access and absorption of nutrients, such as the decomposition of organic matter. In addition, it helps to protect phytopathogenic fungi, which are related to crops.Item Evaluación de microorganismos para el control de hernia de las crucíferas (Plasmodiophora brassicae) en el cultivo de brócoli Brassica olerácea Var. Avenger).(2024-02) Lascano Zabala, Yesenia Nicole; Curay Quispe, Segundo EuclidesIn this study, the effectiveness of the application of microorganisms was evaluated using the Sauber product for the control of cruciferous hernia in broccoli cultivation (Brassica oleracea Var. Avenger), the study factors were dose and frequency of application. The experimental design used was the completely randomized block design (DBCA), with three treatments for three repetitions plus a control. The variables evaluated were plant height, seed weight, root volume, yield, and incidence. Analysis of variance (ADEVA) and Tukey's significance test at 5% were performed for each variable. The treatments were DI1F1, DI1F2, D1F3, D2F1, D2F2, D2F3, D3F1, D3F2, D3F3 and Control, D1, D2 and D3, doses of 2.5, 5 and 7.5 cc respectively and F1, F2 and F3, frequencies of eight, fifteen, and thirty days respectively. At the end of the analysis, 1t was determined that the best dose and frequency of application is the D3F] treatment, in which the dose of 7.5 cc/L was applied in drench with a frequency of every eight days, 1t 1s the best treatment due to Because in all the variables evaluated 1t presented better results compared to the other treatments in the study, this 1s because the greater the amount of microorganism, the better the control and having a good amount of organic matter in the soil helps the action of these microorganism 1s effective. Keywords: Broccoli, drench, Plasmodiophora brassicae, Sauber, microorganisms, applicationsItem Evaluación de microorganismos para el control de hernia de las crucíferas (Plasmodiophora brassicae) en el cultivo de brócoli (Brassica olerácea Var. Avenger).(2024-02) Lascano Zabala, Yesenia Nicole; Curay Quispe, Segundo EuclidesIn this study, the effectiveness of the application of microorganisms was evaluated using the Sauber product for the control of cruciferous hernia in broccoli cultivation (Brassica oleracea Var. Avenger), the study factors were dose and frequency of application. The experimental design used was the completely randomized block design (DBCA), with three treatments for three repetitions plus a control. The variables evaluated were plant height, seed weight, root volume, yield, and incidence. Analysis of variance (ADEVA) and Tukey's significance test at 5% were performed for each variable. The treatments were DI1F1, DI1F2, D1F3, D2F1, D2F2, D2F3, D3F1, D3F2, D3F3 and Control, D1, D2 and D3, doses of 2.5, 5 and 7.5 cc respectively and F1, F2 and F3, frequencies of eight, fifteen, and thirty days respectively. At the end of the analysis, 1t was determined that the best dose and frequency of application is the D3F] treatment, in which the dose of 7.5 cc/L was applied in drench with a frequency of every eight days, 1t 1s the best treatment due to Because in all the variables evaluated 1t presented better results compared to the other treatments in the study, this 1s because the greater the amount of microorganism, the better the control and having a good amount of organic matter in the soil helps the action of these microorganism 1s effective. Keywords: Broccoli, drench, Plasmodiophora brassicae, Sauber, microorganisms, applicationsItem Evaluación de Trichoderma harzianum para el control de la pudrición blanca (Sclerotium cepivorum) en el cultivo de ajo (Allium sativum L.)(2023-03) Jami Toapanta, Gloria Claudina; Dobronski Arcos, Jorge EnriqueCurrently organic agriculture offers the use of fungal bio-controllers that ensure their effectiveness with their use, therefore this research work is focused on testing the ability of Trichoderma harzianum for the control of Sclerotium cepivorum in the garlic crop, the experimental trial was implemented in a plot of the Agroecological and Demonstrative Farm of Píllaro in an area of 107.25m2, with 24 experimental units of 3m2 arranged in three blocks. The treatments consisted of three doses of Trichoderma harzianum 2g/L, 4g/L, 6g/L and two controls, T1 the control with chemical and T0 the control without any application tested in two frequencies of applications, every 15 and 30 days. The experimental design of the research project was the Block Design Completely Randomized (DBCA) with factorial arrangement 3x2+2 with three replications, through the analysis of variance (ADEVA) and the Tukey and Duncan test at 5%, results were obtained that expressed that the best treatment for pathogen control was the D2F1 (4g/L, Trichoderma harzianum every 15 days) for both the percentage of incidence, the percentage of severity and the level of crop yield. When processing the data, it was determined that the antagonistic fungus has a similar efficiency to the chemical fungicides used by the farmer, as well as in the production costs there is no great difference, however, the benefits of the use of microorganisms in the soil, the environment and the quality of the product surpasses the use of any pesticide.Item Inoculación de microorganismos en el proceso de compostaje(2021-09) Constante Ibarra, Tatiana Gabriela; Leiva Mora, MichelIn the Province of Tungurahua in Montalvo parish, there are a large number of guinea pig farms that provide an important source of organic fertilizers, which is an ideal opportunity to use bioinoculants from efficient strains of microorganisms that allow the development of agricultural bio-inputs. The objective of this work was to determine the effect of bioinoculants on the content of organic carbon, total nitrogen and the carbon / nitrogen ratio. According to the statistical analysis, it was observed that there were no significant difference (p = 0.05) between the application of bioinoculants and the control without bioinoculants. With the application of Aspergillus fumigatus and Bacillus subtillis, the composting process was accelerated to 14 days. Great temperature was reached when A. fumigatus was inoculated and acidification aswell, while major electrical conductivity was observed in bionoculants composed by A. fumigatus y B. subtillis. Major number of colony forming unids were represented by bacteria communities and fungal communities.Item Evaluación de dosis y frecuencias de microorganismos efectivos), en la lechuga (Lactuca sativa L.) variedad Great Lakes como bio compensadores de suelo y planta(2018) Alvarez Altamirano, Oswaldo Danilo; Beltrán, OctavioThe research was carried out in the Experimental Farm Querochada, of the Technical University of Ambato, located in the canton of Cevallos province of Tungurahua. The geographical coordinates are: Latitude 1º 22` 20 "S. Longitude 78º 36` 22" W, at the altitude of 2 868 masl; in order to: evaluate three doses (10 ml / 10 l D1, 20 ml / 10 l D2 and 40 ml / 10 l D3) and four application frequencies (every 7 days F1, every 14 days F2, every 21 days F3 and every 28 days F4) of effective microorganisms as a soil and plant biocompensator in lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) variety Great lakes; besides carrying out the economic analysis of the treatments. The treatments were 12 that received microorganisms and a control which did not receive it. The variance analysis, Tukey significance tests at 5% and orthogonal polynomials with correlation calculation and regression for the application frequency factor were performed. The economic analysis of the treatments was carried out applying the cost benefit ratio (RBC) method. The application in the dose of 20 ml / 10 l (D2), produced the best results, with greater growth in plant height at the end of the trial (24.39 cm), as better growth in diameter of the cabbage (15.17 cm) ). The weight of the cabbages increased (0.77 kg); as well as the length of the root system (13.50 cm), consequently the yield of the crop was better (189.10 kg / treatment). The application of microorganisms with the frequency of every 14 days (F2), produced the best results, with greater growth in plant height (23.91 cm), better growth in diameter of the cabbage (15.27 cm), being these greater weight (0.76 kg). The length of the root system increased (14.00 cm), reporting the highest yields (187.95 kg / treatment). From the economic analysis it is concluded that, the D2F2 treatment (20 ml / 10 l, every 14 days), reached the highest benefit-cost ratio of 1.07 where the net benefits obtained were 1.07 times what was invested, being from the point of economic view the treatment of greater profitability.Item Efecto del Trichoderma harzianum. en el agua de regadío y la microbiología del suelo(2018) Salazar López, María José; Dobrosnki Arcos, JorgeThe use of beneficial microorganisms such as Trichoderma harzianum, in agriculture, favors the reduction of soil and environmental contamination caused by agrochemicals. The present work was carried out in the province of Tungurahua in the sector Unamuncho in the floriculture Sanna-flowers, the objective was to determine the effect of Trichoderma harzianum in the treatment of irrigation water and the improvement of soil microbiology. Microbiological analyzes of soil and water were carried out in Plantsphere Laboratories, BIONIKA group and the Plant Health Laboratory of the Faculty of Agricultural Sciences of the Technical University of Ambato. The product Tricomplex was used in doses of 50ml, 75ml and 100ml diluted in 100 lt. The microbial analyzes showed a biocontrol of the water, causing the Enterobacteria indices such as: e-coli, klebsiella, Proteus sp., Salmonella, to show values of 0.10 cfu while T. harzianum was disseminated with 9.94 upc in water. to identify if the treated water improves the microbial life of the soil, experimental units containing agricultural soil from the floricultural garden were irrigated and the propagation was observed at 14 days (7.77 cfu) and 24 days (8 cfu) B. subtilis and T. harzianum, as well as other microorganisms beneficial for crops and that help the soil in processes of solubilization of phosphates such as Aspergillus and Penicillium sp. that help in the degradation of organic matter.Item Determinar la compatibilidad y el tiempo de sobrevivencia en cuatro microorganismos benéficos de uso agrícola: Trichoderma harzianum, Metarhizium anisopliae, Beauveria bassiana y Paecilomyces lilacinus en bioles(2014-07-24) Chungata Tacuri, Luís Benigno; Zurita Vásquez, José HernánLa investigación realizada en la granja del H. Gobierno. Provincial de Tungurahua, para “determinar la compatibilidad y el tiempo de sobrevivencia de cuatro microorganismos benéficos de uso agrícola en los bioles”. Resultados: a los 30 días, se obtiene los 3 géneros de hongos, Metarhizium sp, Trichoderma sp. y Beauveria sp (Anexo3) con poblaciones altas, que conviven en el biol, (T3 con 914.777,77) Upc por c/ml, con pH de 3,80. En el segundo análisis (60 días), se verifica 3 géneros de hongos Trichoderma, Metarhizium y Paecilomyces sp. (Anexo 4) superan los niveles poblacionales del primero (T2 con 2.090.033,33). Upc. por c/ml con pH 4,95; se verifica que la mayor propagación, es a los 60 días, tienen altas concentraciones de Upc por c/ml. de biol y en los 30, días el contenido microbiano y el análisis químico es menor.Item Determinar la compatibilidad y el tiempo de sobrevivencia de tres microorganismos benéficos de uso agrícola: Beauveria bassiana, Bacilus thuringiensis y Paecilomyces lilacinus en compost.(2014-07-24) Zapata Vela, Judith Jaqueline; Zurita Vásquez, José HernánEn el tema de la investigación fue “DETERMINAR LA COMPATIBILIDAD Y EL TIEMPO DE SOBREVIVENCIA DE TRES MICROORGANISMOS BENÉFICOS DE USO AGRÍCOLA: Beauveria bassiana, Bacilus thuringiensis y Paecilomyces lilacinus EN COMPOST”. Propuesto por la Ing. Judith Jaqueline Zapata Vela. Se propuso los siguientes objetivos: Al verificar el número poblacional o concentración de volúmenes de los microorganismos benéficos en compost a los 30 y 60 días, el análisis del contenido nutricional biológico del compost demuestra que si existe compatibilidad de los microorganismos que están conviviendo y reproduciéndose en compost mediante análisis. Con referencia al contenido químico físico el mejor resultado fue el tratamiento 100 cc de Beauveria bassiana -100 cc de Bacillus thuringiensis -100 cc Paecilomyces lilacinus por cuanto presenta mayores porcentajes de nitrógeno, fósfor y potasio y su pH es apto para la producción de cultivos. El tratamiento T1 100 cc de Beauveria bassiana -100 cc de Bacillus thuringiensis -100 cc Paecilomyces lilacinus, es el más rentable.Item Determinar la compatibilidad y el tiempo se sobrevivencia en tres microorganismos benéficos de uso agrícola Beauveria bassiana, Bacilus thuringiensis y Paecilomyces lilacinus en compost.(2014-07-18) Zapata Vela, Judith Jaqueline; Zurita Vásquez, José HernánEn el tema de la investigación fue “DETERMINAR LA COMPATIBILIDAD Y EL TIEMPO DE SOBREVIVENCIA DE TRES MICROORGANISMOS BENÉFICOS DE USO AGRÍCOLA: Beauveria bassiana, Bacilus thuringiensis y Paecilomyces lilacinus EN COMPOST”. Propuesto por la Ing. Judith Jaqueline Zapata Vela. Se propuso los siguientes objetivos: Al verificar el número poblacional o concentración de volúmenes de los microorganismos benéficos en compost a los 30 y 60 días, el análisis del contenido nutricional biológico del compost demuestra que si existe compatibilidad de los microorganismos que están conviviendo y reproduciéndose en compost mediante análisis. Con referencia al contenido químico físico el mejor resultado fue el tratamiento 100 cc de Beauveria bassiana -100 cc de Bacillus thuringiensis -100 cc Paecilomyces lilacinus por cuanto presenta mayores porcentajes de nitrógeno, fósfor y potasio y su pH es apto para la producción de cultivos. El tratamiento T1 100 cc de Beauveria bassiana -100 cc de Bacillus thuringiensis -100 cc Paecilomyces lilacinus, es el más rentable.