Ciencias Agropecuarias
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Item Uso de plasma autólogo como terapia regenerativa de glándulas mamarias en vacas con mastitis subclínica(2021-09) Zurita Oñate, Maritza Anabel; Rosero Peñaherrera, MarcoThe objective of this study was to evaluate the use of autologous plasma as regenerative therapy for mammary glands in cows with subclinical mastitis, in the Caserío Pinguili Las Lajas of the Mocha canton. We worked with 20 Holstein cattle of 3 and 6 years (1 to 4 deliveries), these experimental units were divided into 4 groups. The udder health evaluation was carried out by means of the California Mastitis Test (CMT), in order to verify the possible antigenic reaction compatible with mastitis. From the experimental units that were positive in the field test, 4 ml of milk were taken in a test tube and later they were sent to the laboratory to determine the presence of bacterial agents and perform an antibiogram. In addition, in order to obtain blood plasma, blood samples were taken from the jugular vein in test tubes with sodium citrate.The results obtained at the beginning of the trial were: Staphylococcus spp and Staphylococcus aureus, at the end of the experiment we also obtained the presence of Escherichia coli. The treatments were carried out with 5ml, 10ml and 15ml of plasma and with the help of a cannula it was placed on the nipple for three days in a row, resting for ten days and a booster dose on the eleventh day. The data obtained by the Kruskal Wallis test, in the age variable, the mean values obtained were for T1 5.00 a; T2 4.60 a; T3 4.60 a; T4 4.40 a, for the birth variable the means were T1 3.00 n / p; T2 2.60 n / p; T3 2.60 n / p; T4 2.40 n / p and for the colony count the means were T1 32.00 CFU / mL; T2 11.25 CFU / mL; T3 68.89 CFU / mL; T4 58.00 CFU / mL, the results obtained by this test do not show significant differences between treatments. By means of the box plot and the correspondence analysis, it was determined that the results for treatment 2 (5ml of plasma) presented a lower colony count compared to the other treatments, due to the fact that the teats that presented a high colony count Before applying the treatment at the end of the trial, they did not present any type of bacteria.Item Efecto antimicrobiano del aceite de girasol (Helianthus annuus) ozonizado en cepas bacterianas Gram Positivas y Gram Negativas(2018) Moposita Yanza, Daniel Alejandro; Montero, MayraThe main objective in this work was to evaluate the antimicrobial effect of sunflower oil (Helianthus annuus) ozonized in Gram Positive and Gram Negative bacterial strains: Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus agalactiae, Salmonella choleraesuis and Escherichia coli. Obtaining the ozonated sunflower oil was done by submitting commercial sunflower oil to an ozonation process by bubbling in the ozone generating machine, calculating the exposure time in the machine of 90, 120 and 150 minutes, respectively. Taking into account that the longer exposure time in said machine, there is greater formation of oxidative compounds, such as peroxides, being these to which the antimicrobial effect is attributed. The sensitivity of the bacteria to the different treatments was carried out using the agar diffusion disc technique, the bacterial strains were seeded in the Mueller Hinton agar, placing the sensitivity discs with the respective treatments, incubating at 37ºC for 24 hours and subsequently The diameter of the growth halo was evaluated with a millimeter Hiantibotic ZoneScale. The design was completely randomized, with four treatments and 16 repetitions. Likewise, the analysis of variance was carried out according to the proposed design and the Tukey test 5% to compare the treatments. As a result of the diffusion disc method, it was obtained that the strain of Salmonella choleraesuis was the one that showed the highest degree of sensitivity, especially before the sunflower oil exposed 150 minutes in the ozone generating machine, giving haloes inhibition of between 30 and 32 mm However, all the strains were sensitive. The treatment that showed the best results was sunflower oil exposed 150 minutes in the ozone generating machine, in all the bacterial strains, this indicated that the longer exposure time sunflower oil has in the ozone machine had a greater effect antimicrobial.Item Evaluación del efecto antimicrobiano del aceite de canela (Cinnamomun zeylanicum) sobre cepas de salmonella(2017) Revelo Inca, Jessica Alexandra; Montero, MayraThe objective of this research was to evaluate the antimicrobial effect of oil of cinnamon (Cinnamomun zeylanicum) on strains of Salmonella; (Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Choleraesuis ATCC® 10708 * and Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Typhimurium ATCC® 13311 *), with the objective of determining the minimum inhibitory concentration, the minimum bactericidal concentration and sensitivity matting. To obtain the oil of cinnamon was used the method of distillation carryover of dread and subjected to decanting and storing it in refrigeration. The evaluation of the antibacterial activity of the different concentrations of cinnamon oil (10%, 30%, 50%, 70% and 90%), using as a witness to 99,8 ethanol % was performed using two techniques: the spread between liquid in which the respective strain in a test tube with broth was inoculated brain heart infusion then – was compared with turbidity tube #5 McFarland scale and incubated at 37 ° C for 24 hours for the minimum concentration Inhibitory, concentration with less turbidity was sowed in agar medium for the determination of the minimum bactericidal concentration. In Disc diffusion technique - agar was sown the strains on the surface of the agar Muller Hinton placed disks sensitivity treatments: T0 ethanol to 99.8%, T1 cinnamon oil 10%, T2 cinnamon oil to 30%, T3 cinnamon oil to 50%, T4 oil of cinnamon to 70%, T5 cinnamon oil to 90% and the agars at 37 ° C were incubated for 24 hour subsequently evaluating the diameter of the halo of growth with a millimetric rule. We used a completely randomized design with five treatments and five replications, in addition to an analysis of variance and Tukey 5%. As result was obtained the strain Salmonella choleraesuis was sensitive to the oil of cinnamon from the T3 treatment with halos of 19 mm and 26 mm for S. typhimurium. Demonstrating statistically than the 50%,70% y 90% are meaningful for bacterial strains.Item Determinación de la sensibilidad de CMT para el diagnóstico de mastitis subclínica y su relación en el cultivo de leche mas antibioagrama en la hacienda El Boliche(2015) Cuzco Soto, Gloria Elizabeth; Aragadvay, GonzaloLa investigación se realizó en la Hacienda “El Boliche”, ubicado en el Cantón Guano, Comunidad San José de Sabañag, perteneciente a la provincia de Chimborazo, con una temperatura de 4 a 6 ° C, latitud 1º36’25.16’’ S, longitud 78º37’53.99’’ O, altura 4200 msnm, humedad relativa 82 %, nubosidad 7 octas, precipitación media anual 750mm. El proyecto de investigación se desarrolló como propósito de la tesis titulada: Determinación de la sensibilidad de CMT para el diagnóstico de mastitis subclínica y su relación en cultivo de leche mas antibiograma en la hacienda “El Boliche”. Se tomó como muestra 10 hembras bovinas adultas destinadas a producción de leche, con el fin de determinar la sensibilidad del CMT para el diagnóstico de mastitis subclínica, la cual fue corroborada mediante exámenes de cultivo y antibiograma, se determinó el agente causal, positivos y negativos emitidos por el CMT, sensibilidad del CMT, pérdidas económicas en dólares y porcentaje. Con el resultado de la prueba CMT se pudo determinar que de los 10 ejemplares 5 eran positivos a mastitis subclínica es decir 50%, en cuanto a la sensibilidad la realizamos con una tabla basada en la detección de positivos y negativos en la cual se tomo como prueba de confirmación el cultivo , obtuvimos que la sensibilidad es del 0% es decir no es sensible para diagnóstico de mastitis subclínica, cabe recalcar que eso depende de la etapa de producción en que tome la muestra, 50% de especificidad ( probabilidad de que una prueba identifique correctamente aquellos individuos que no están enfermos) 50% exactitud ( proporción de resultados negativos y positivos que son correctos), el agente causal predominante fue Staphylococcus aureus con desarrollo y en escaso desarrollo de Staphylococcus intermedius. Análisis económico el porcentaje de las pérdidas económicas que se presenta en la hacienda el Boliche son 322.5 dolares mensuales lo cual representan el 15.43%.