Ciencias Agropecuarias
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Item Efecto de dietas a base de forrajes arbustivos sobre las características físicas y sensoriales de la carne de Cavia porcellus(2024-02) Maliza Calapiña, Andrea Lisbeth; Avilés Esquivel, Diana FernandaThe objective of this research was to evaluate the effect of diets based on shrub forages on the physical and sensory characteristics of Cavia porcellus meat. A completely randomized block design (CRBD) was used, where weights (700-751 g), (751-800 g), (801-890 g), (891-900 g) were blocked, with a total of 72 native female guinea pigs of three months of age that received three diets as treatments: T1 (control) with 40% (Medicago sativa), T2 with 40% (Baccharis floribunda) and T3 with 40% (Anethum graveolens). After 90 days of study, 3 guinea pigs were selected from each block with a total of 12 guinea pigs per treatment, which were slaughtered for the evaluation of physical characteristics: pH, color, water holding capacity (WRC) and cooking losses (CWL) and sensory characteristics: flavor, tenderness, juiciness, palatability and overall meat quality. Data were taken 15 h after meat maturation; Psoas major (PM) muscles were used for pH, Rectus abdominis (RA) for color and Biceps femori (BF) for water holding capacity (WRC) and cooking loss (WL); significant statistical difference was obtained in pH, where the guinea pigs fed with Witness T1 (Medicago sativa) obtained a more acid pH (6.03) than the treatments with shrub fodder, in the same way, significant differences were found in the color indexes, where the control T1 (Medicago sativa) presented the flesh more luminous and redder than the treatments with shrub forages, on the other hand, the water retention capacity (CRA %) and cooking losses (PPC %) did not present significant differences between the treatments. The sensory characteristics were evaluated by a panel of 30 consumers who tasted meat samples taken from each treatment, indicating that there is a significant statistical difference, being the guinea pigs fed with T3 (40% Anethum graveolens) the ones that presented better sensory characteristics (flavor and palatability); in the same way, the C/B of each treatment was calculated indicating that the diets based on shrub forages present gains. In conclusion, the feeding of Medicago sativa, Baccharis floribunda, Anethum graveolens influenced the physical and sensory characteristics of Cavia porcellus meat. Key words: B. floribunda, A. graveolens, technological characteristics, organoleptic characteristics, meat.Item Efecto de dietas a base de forrajes arbustivos, sobre los parámetros productivos en cuyes (Cavia porcellus)(2021-04) Lluay Guilcapi, Erika Esthefanía; Avilés Esquivel, DianaThe aim of this research was to evaluate the effect of diets based on Bush forages on the productive parameters in guinea pigs. Seventy-five male and female guinea pigs were used, weighing between 500 and 600 grams, a month and a half old, from the same population evaluating digestibility; they were distributed in three treatments: T1, T2 and T3; 5 repetitions per treatment and 5 guinea pigs per experimental unit; to evaluate voluntary nutrient intake, weigh gain and feed conversion; for 45 days. Subsequently, fifteen male guinea pigs weighing more than 750 grams were used, chosen from the “Closed nucleus of native phenotypes rescued “ex situ in vivo” of Cavia porcellus”, divided into three treatments, in which the control is included: T1 (control): Alfarine (Medicago sativa flour), T2: Chilca (Baccharis floribunda) and T3: Dill (Anethum graveolens), and 5 repetitions per treatment; this, to evaluate the apparent digestibility of nutrients, for 5 days. The guinea pigs treated with T4 (A. arborescens) did not survive during adaptation and were therefore excluded from the evaluation of this study. The digestibility of dry matter (DM) and crude protein (CP) did not show significant differences (p>0.05) between the treatments, the highest digestibility (p<0.05) of Neutral Detergent Fiber (NDF) was obtained by T1 (58.57 %) and T2 (49.73 %), and that of Acid Detergent Fiber (ADF) showed higher values (p<0.05) for T1 (57.60 %) and T2 (43.68 %). The voluntary intake of food, DM, OM and CP; did not show significant differences (P>0,05) between the treatments, while the voluntary consumption of NDF and ADF were higher (p<0,05) for T1 in both cases, with values of 22,85 and 13,23 grams, respectively. No statistical differences were observed between the treatments (P>0,05) for weight gains at 15, 30 and 45 days, however, the smallest feed conversion (p<0.05) was for being T1, with a value of 6,73. It was concluded that the inclusion of Chilca and dill in the diet influenced the voluntary intakes of NDF and ADF, as well as the feed conversion and digestibility of NDF, ADF and MO; furthermore, the Marco-based diet produced high mortality due to its high levels of secondary compounds.Item Rendimiento de forraje de árboles, arbustos y preferencia de consumo en conejos(2016) Moya Patiño, Ericka Gissele; Barros Rodríguez, Marcos AntonioThe aim of this research was evaluate the yield of fodder biomass of trees and shrubs, as well as, the preference of fodder in rabbits. This research was conducted at the Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias-UTA. The forage yield, nutritional value, secondary compounds and preference of forage of: Malva sylvestris, Baccharis floribunda, Sparticum junceum, Ambrosia arborescens and Paraserianthes lophantha were determined. This research was conducted under a completely randomized design. The variables studied are analyzed by analysis of variance according to the design used. The yield of fodder biomass was higher (P = 0,0001) for M. sylvestris, A. arborescens and P. lophantha (459,2; 551,1; 682,6 gDM/plant respectively) compared with the other forages. The results of Phytochemical screening show that Malva sylvestris has slight concentration of saponins. P. lophantha showed high concentration of tannins, and S. junceum high presence of total phenols. The higher (P = 0,0001) preference of fodder was for M. sylvestris (18,44 gDM/day), followed by B. floribunda (8,6 gDM/day) and S. junceum (9,4 gDM/day) and the lowest preference for P. lophantha (3,8 gDM/day) and A. arborescens (3,7 gDM/day). It’s concluded that the bushes as M. sylvestris, B. floribunda and S. junceum can be used as feed for rabbits, for their high yield of forage biomass, protein content and low fiber values and secondary compounds.Item Valoración del almacenamiento de agua y carbono entre las zonas intervenidas y no intervenidas de los humedales del Paramo de Sachahuayco del cantón Mocha(2014-06-07) León Gordón, Olguer Alfredo; Pomboza Tamaquiza, Pedro PabloAnte la problemática del deterioro del páramo de Sachahuayco en el cantón Mocha, por el avance de la frontera Agrícola, se ha visto necesario realizar un estudio comparativo del impacto causado en relación a la retención de carbono y agua entre dos zonas; una intervenida con maquinaria agrícola y otra zona no intervenida. En los estudios realizados se evaluó la capacidad de retención de agua y carbono en las turberas del páramo de Sachahuayco, realizando análisis para determinar la cantidad de almacenamiento de estos recursos. Se realizó también un muestreo de árboles, arbustos y chaparros, análisis bacteriológico de agua en las dos zonas, la intervenida y no intervenida. En relación a la cantidad de agua retenida los resultados demuestran tener mayor capacidad de almacenamiento de agua en la zona no intervenida, de igual forma sucede con la cantidad de carbono almacenado que es superior en el área no intervenida. En cuanto a flora es mayor la presencia de árboles, arbustos y chaparros en la zona no intervenida ya que en la zona intervenida no existe presencia de árboles, arbustos, y encontramos muy pocos chaparros. En relación al análisis bacteriológico de agua se determinó que no existe coliformes totales en la zona no intervenida, y en la zona intervenida hay presencia de coliformes totales.