Ciencias Agropecuarias
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Item Parámetros de bienestar animal en ganadería bovina de leche en Iberoamérica(2025-02) Zurita Nuñez Elizabeth Janeth; Rosero Peñaherrera Marco AntonioAnimal welfare parameters in dairy cattle farming in Latin America: Systematic reviewAnimal Welfare (AW) is currently considered one of the most relevant criteria of social interest in livestock farms, although it has various legal considerations worldwide, evidencing a large gap between powerful and developing countries, its application has been growing relatively, mostly supported by the guideline of the European WELFARE QUALITY® project. The objective of the study is to generate a synthesis of the animal welfare parameters in dairy cattle farming in Latin America. The methodology is qualitative, documentary design, based on a systematic review. The search criteria used were: publication date less than 5 years for complete evaluations of the 4 principles of animal welfare or the implementation of improvements in any of these, results (verifiable and verifiable, positive and negative) and geographic location (belonging to Latin America). The results show that research carried out at the Ibero-American level reflects an evident improvement in animals after making a positive change in any of the principles managed by WELFARE QUALITY®. It is concluded that, although an increase can be observed in the application of better BA conditions generally managed by high production farms, in Ecuador, there is still a need to include this concept in the rural context since at this social level there is a poor compliance with the basic freedoms of cattle.Item Bienestar animal y calidad de carne antes y después del faenamiento en ovinos del Camal Municipal de Ambato(2024-11) Soria Rojas Mónica Abigail; Vargas Burgos Julio CesarThe titled study addresses the relevance of animal welfare and the quality of sheep meat in the context of the Camal Municipal de Ambato, Ecuador. The growing demand for sheep meat and consumer expectations in terms of quality and animal welfare pose significant challenges for the livestock industry in the region. Evaluate animal welfare and sheep meat quality before and after slaughter to identify areas for improvement in handling and transportation practices. An observational and descriptive study was carried out, using a simple random sampling of sheep slaughtered in one month. Parameters such as body condition, live weight, carcass yield. The data were analyzed with SPSS software, applying Student t' tests and analysis of variance. The results indicate that sheep transported from greater distances and in unsuitable vehicles have higher levels of stress, reflected in a greater incidence of DFD (dark, firm and dry) meat. Furthermore, proper management practices, such as the use of effective stunning methods, positively influence meat quality and animal welfare. The study highlights the importance of implementing humane transportation and handling practices to improve animal welfare and the quality of sheep meat in the Ambato Municipal Camal. These improvements not only benefit producers and consumers, but also contribute to the sustainability and competitiveness of sheep production in the region.Item Evaluación de la calidad de canal bovina y su relación con el manejo ante-mortem en EP – FYPROCAI(2024-08) Velasco Ayala, Hendry Bladimir; Burgos Mayorga, Ana RafaelaThe objective of the present investigation was to determine the effect of ante-mortem handling on the characteristics of beef. 278 cattle slaughtered in the EP-FYPROCAI company were evaluated trough daily observations during the months of April and May 2024. The animals were observed from their arrival, they were identified with a code and followed throughout the slaughter process until storage of carcasses. The following variables were taken: live weight, rest area, fasting time, water quality, phenotypic characteristics, live weight, number of falls, vocalizations, use of electric prod, hits with forbidden objects, stunning with a captive bolt, time of stunning to bleeding, pH (45 minutes, 6, 12, and 24 hours), temperature (45 minutes and 12 hours), color was evaluated based on a colorimetry scale, conformation of the carcass based on conformation grades 1-4, carcass weight, and carcass yield was calculated based on live weight and carcass weight data. The results showed that the fasting time was correct, however, the handling trough facilities presented failures due to hits with forbidden objects and excessive use of electric prod, but the number of falls was within the accepted parameter. Sixty nine percent of animals received a correct stunning; 58% had a time of stunning to bleeding of 2-3 minutes; pH at 45 minutes postmortem was 6.93, followed by 6.13 at 6 hours, continuing at 12 hours with a decrease in pH to 5.89, and at 24 hours with a pH of 5.73; 80% of carcasses were considered normal, while 18% of carcasses were considered DFD, and 2% were considered PSE meat. Mean of temperature at 45 minutes was of 31.09°C, while, at 12 hours reached 12.25°C, and at 24 hours reached a temperature of 7.37°C. Sixty six percent of the carcasses were in good conformation. These results reflected that, there was a relationship between ante-mortem variables and the quality of the carcass, therefore, ante-mortem handling did influence the quality of the meat.Item Análisis de la eficacia del aceite esencial de té verde (Camellia sinensis) como aromaterapia en la reducción de estrés en gatos de consulta(2023-09) Guevara Solís, Samantha Betzabé; López Villacís, Isabel CristinaThe development of ethology as a scientific discipline has allowed the development of practices that help improve the human-cat relationship and animal welfare. It is for this reason that the new trends in the handling of domestic cats lie in promoting empathy in the respectful handling of domestic cats and the generation of positive experiences when going to the vet, thus avoiding the generation of stress or anxiety. Therefore, a study is proposed to analyze the efficacy of green tea (Camellia sinensis) essential oil as aromatherapy in reducing stress in consulting cats. The proposed study was carried out at the Pet's Home Veterinary Clinic, which is in the Tungurahua Province of the Ambato Canton. The reference population consisted of 45 domestic cats. The sample selection was divided into 3 experimental groups, each of 15 cats that were in healthy conditions with aromatherapy exposure to different concentrations of green tea (5%, 10% and 15%). The experiment model applied to validate the hypothesis responds to the name of Complete experimental design by means of Fisher's test. In conclusion, I have to assert that; green tea as aromatherapy has a relaxing effect in cats based on the p value (0.000 where p value < 0.05) due to the significant behavioral changes between the results of its application.Item Evaluación del bienestar animal en dos plantas de faenamiento municipal en la etapa de insensibilización y post mortem de bovinos sacrificados(2021-04) Aguagallo Cando, Jalmar Joan; Guevara Freire, Deysi AlexandraResearch on animal welfare in slaughter processes has been increasing due to the interest given by the consumer during the purchase. Animal welfare is conceptualized as the comfortable environment in which an animal thrives. In the present study, the aim was to diagnose compliance with basic animal welfare standards during stunning. A sample of 400 cattle was required for each carcass in which indicators of sensitivity were measured during and after stunning. The results of the study were alarming when verifying the return of sensitivity by observation. The indicators studied were rhythmic respiration (Floor A 86.3% and 99.8% on floor B), corneal reflex (Floor A 86.3% and 98.8% on floor B), head and neck elevation (Plant A 76.3% and 98.3% in plant B), tail movement (Plant A 87.3% and 100% in plant B), regurgitation (Plant A 35.3% and 31.5% on floor B) and limb movement (Floor A and B 100%). Thus, the effect of the stun gun as a sacrifice method was also analyzed, precision (Plant A 50.8% and 28.5% in plant B), orientation (Plant A 11.75% and 4.25 % in plant B) and depth of the shot (Plant A 28.5% and 33.5% in plant B). It can be deduced that there is a breach of the animal welfare parameters according to Ley de mataderos, (1996), Temple Grandin, (1998) and the OIE, (2006), (2006), presuming that the possible causes are the inappropriate use of the stunning device, incorrect ergonomic design, limited personnel training, lack of maintenance of the gun, labor fatigue and incorrect design of the knockout box. The study recommends installing improvement actions in the short, medium and long term in order to mitigate the problem and favor animal welfare and the quality of the meat.Item Evaluación de bienestar animal durante el aturdimiento de bovinos sacrificados en un Centro de Faenamiento Municipal(2018) Villarroel Burgos, Karen Mishelle; Guevara Freire, Deysi AlexandraThe observation at the Puyo slaughter plant indicated that it is necessary to improve the stunning of the cattle so that it becomes insensitive before slaughter. The objective of this study was to determine if animal welfare standards were met, through sensitivity indicators and head inspection. During the stunning process, data from a total of 100 cattle were recorded in the slaughter plant. One hundred cattle were evaluated for baseline data; general information was recorded on the characteristics of the nozzle box and the compressed air gun used in the plant, in addition to specific antecedents such as: number of shots required until the animal falls, presence of signs indicating sensitivity (rhythmic breathing, vocalization, corneal reflex and eye movement, attempt to stop or elevation of the head), interval of time between the first shot and bleeding, and aiming the operator (knockout). It was determined that the stunning box did not have a headrest and the pneumatic stunner was powered by the same air compressor that uses all the pneumatic equipment in the cattle slaughtering plant. A descriptive analysis was used to compare results with existing reference data. The data obtained indicated that only 52% of the cattle collapsed instantaneously after one shot and the remaining 48% required 2 or more shots. The vocalization occurred in 27% of the cattle after stunning and 37% of the cattle had corneal reflexes, 41% rhythmic breathing presence was found, an attempt to raise the head in the bleeding rail (44%). The time interval between first shot and bleeding was measured with a chronometer, establishing the most frequent range between 1 and 2 minutes. Subsequently, the skinned and cut heads were inspected in the slaughter room, and the distance between the point called "white" (rostral region between the first and second pair of cranial nerves called percussion point) and the hole (s) of shots present was measured with a transparent plastic target. Regarding the presence of holes in the target, 4% was obtained, the remaining percentage (96%) of the holes were located more than 2 cm, which evidenced a deficiency in the aim.