Ciencias Agropecuarias
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Item Evaluación de la aplicación de un bioestimulante para encallamiento y brotación sobre Juglans regia y Malus doméstica(2023-09) Sanipatín Pilaguano, Ricardo Miguel; Vásquez Freytez, Carlos LuisAsexual propagation by grafting, in addition to shortening the time to obtain seeds,also seeks to improve production, reduce susceptibility to diseases caused by nematodes and thus increase plant vigor. The present study tries to find alternatives, such as the use of biostimulants, that contribute to improving the production of apple and walnut plants with a sustainable approach, easily accessible to producers of these fruit items. Therefore, the objective was to evaluate the effect of the application of Agrostemin on Juglans regia and Malus domestica. The effect of four doses (1.0, 1.6, 2.0 and 2.5 g/L) of Agrostemin, a biostimulant product obtained from natural extracts of a marine algae (Ascophyllum nodosum), was evaluated. The results did not show an effect of the Agrostemin dose on the grafting percentage of both apple and walnut grafts, but the percentage of stranding was affected by the type of crop, being higher in applegrafts, with the highest percentages observed. in these grafts treated with 1.0 and 1.6 g/L of Agrostemin. Regarding the time of appearance and number of lateral shoots, they were not affected using the biostimulant Agrostemin, but thelength of the shoots was mainly during the initial stages of shoot formation. Also,the number of leaves per branch was affected using Agrostemin, being higher in the apple graft treated with 1.6 g/L and in the control, while in walnut grafts the best results were achieved with the application of 1.6. and 2.5g/L. Basedon the results, the use of Agrostemin in a dose of 1.6 g/L is suggested since the best results were obtained in terms of the percentage of stranding, shoot length and number of leaves per branchItem Evaluación de la producción de lechuga (Lactuca sativa L.) con la aplicación de un bioestimulante más potasio en el caserío Yanahurco, cantón Mocha(2023-09) Morales Copo, Brenda Vaneza; León Gordón, Olguer AlfredoThe objective of the research was to evaluate the effect of the application of foliar biostimulants on the yield of lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) in the Yanahurco hamlet, Mocha canton. A completely randomized block design (CBAD) was applied, with 6 treatments including the control and three replications with the following formulations: F1 (Crop + Plus 1.5ml/L + Kelik Potassium 2ml/L), F2 (Crop + Plus 2.5ml/L + Kelik Potassium 2ml/L), F3 (Crop + Plus 3.5ml/L + Kelik Potassium 2ml/L), F3 (Crop + Plus 3, 5ml/L + Kelik Potassium 2ml/L), F4(Crop + Plus 1.5ml/L), F5(Kelik Potassium 2 ml/L), in the control the application of Crop + Plus and Kelik Potassium was not carried out, in the processing of the information the Tukey test was applied at 5% with the use of the INFOSTAT program. The parameters evaluated were plant height, cabbage weight, equatorial and polar diameter, and yield. Based on the statistical analysis, it was determined that the best treatment was F5 (Kelik Potassium 2 ml/L), since in the analysis of the different treatments it obtained the best values in terms of height (21.63 cm), cabbage weight (947.63 g), equatorial diameter (947.63 g), and equatorial diameter (947.63 g), 63g), in equatorial and polar diameter (16.67cm), and in yield (75810.67kg/h), which reflects that it could be complemented only with kelik potassium in lettuce production. It is recommended to promote the use of organic fertilization in agroecosystems in order to maintain the efficient use of natural resources.Item Evaluación del efecto del Bioestimulante FertuMax sobre la germinación, altura y componentes de rendimiento de arveja (Pisum sativum L.) Var. Temprana en el cantón Tisaleo.(2023-03) Guamán Tisalema, Lizbeth Gissel; Dobronski Arcos, Jorge EnriqueCurrently, the application of biostimulants in crops is one of the methods that allows the stimulation of seed germination, increase its development, and improve harvest efficiency. The present research work was developed in the Agua Santa neighborhood, belonging to the Tisaleo Canton, with the purpose of evaluating the Fertumax Biostimulant, based on cytokinins and seaweed Ascophyllium nodosum, Sargasum sp. and Laminaria sp. In this experiment, 3 different doses of the Biostimulant were evaluated, (1.5 cc/l; 2.5 cc/l and 3.5 cc/l) and a control without Biostimulant, the application was made to the seed and in the flowering stage. A completely randomized block experimental design (DBCA) was executed, with 3 treatments and 4 repetitions plus 1 control, and analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey's test at 5% were applied. The application of D2 (FertuMax 2.5 cc/l), was the treatment that presented significant statistical differences, therefore, it positively influenced the variables of height at 30 days, number of grains per pod, weight of pods and yield in green, obtaining means of 7 cm, 6.43 grains per pod, 597 g and 0.60 kg, respectively. In the variables germination percentage, plant height at 60 and 90 days, when performing the Tukey test at 5%, it was obtained that the results are statistically equal, however, it presented numerical differences, the best treatments were with 92 .75% for treatment D2 (FertuMax2.5 cc/l) and D3 (FertuMax3.5 cc/l), 16.50 cm and 37.75 cm, respectivelyItem Evaluación del efecto bioestimulante del ácido fúlvico en el comportamiento agronómico del racimo de tomate riñón (Solanum lycopersicum Mill), en invernadero(2023-02) Delgado Montesdeoca, Ernesto EfraínIn Ecuador, the cultivation of kidney tomato (Solanum lycopersicum Mill) is produced intensively, under greenhouse conditions and using high doses of fertilizers that exceed the nutritional needs required to obtain satisfactory productions, as a result, this excess has left consequences such as deterioration and desertification of the soil and in addition to affecting the economic aspect for which the trend of sustainable agriculture has been generated. Therefore, the main objective of this study was to determine the "biostimulant effect of fulvic acid on the agronomic behavior of the kidney tomato (Solanum lycopersicum Mill)" under greenhouse conditions. The experimental design used was completely randomized blocks (DBCA), with four treatments T1 (absolute control), T2 (500 g/ha), T3 (1000 g/ha) and T4 (1500 g/ha) arranged in three repetitions; the variables of stem height and diameter at 45, 60 and 135 days, the number of fruits at 50, 65 and 80 days after transplanting, the size of the fruit, production and yield were also evaluated. The data collected during the development of the crop were statistically analyzed by the ANOVA test with a p < 0.05 on the established dates, the best results obtained in the variable height and stem diameter after transplanting at 135 days correspond to T4 (1500 g /ha of fulvic acids) with values of 170.8 cm and 1.38 cm respectively, but nevertheless there was T3 (1000 g/ha of fulvic acids) with 168.13 cm and 1.36 cm and also T2 (500 g/ha of fulvic acids) with values of 167.97 cm and 1.27 cm respectively, obtained favorable results in terms of the variables mentioned, with respect to the number of fruits after transplanting at 80 days, the best treatments were T4 with 21.13, T3 with 18.10, T2 with 14.90 and T1 with 13.17; As regards the fruit size variable, there was no significant difference and finally, in the economic analysis, the best Cost-Benefit ratio-1 corresponds to T4 with $1.89, that is, for each dollar invested, a profit of $0.89 US dollars is obtained, while that T3 presents a Benefit Cost-1 ratio of $1.65 whose profit is $0.65 cents for each dollar invested by the farmer, T2 presents a Benefit Cost-1 ratio of $1.42 whose profit is 0.42 cents for each dollar invested and T1 presents a Benefit-Cost-1 ratio of $0.96, that is, of the dollar invested, only $0.96 is recovered with a return of -4.02%. Descriptors: Fulvic acids. Humic acids, Biostimulant, complexing agent, chelating agent, staking, F1 hybrid varieties, Solanum lycopersicum Mill, pruning, draining, kidney tomato.Item Evaluación de giberelina y citoquinina en la inducción floral y rendimiento del cultivo de fresa (Fragaria ananassa Duch.) Variedad Albión(2022-08) Valle Naranjo, Gustavo Daniel; León Gordón, Olguer AlfredoThe present work was done at Cevallos Canton, Tungurahua province and the aim was to determine the effect of gibberellin (AG3) and Cytokinin (Kinetin) on flower induction and yield of Fragaria ananassa Duch. cultivar “Albión” because not any studies have been executed in this scenario. During the experimental development in trial for the first flowering cycle the following variables were evaluated; days to flowering and number of flower per plant at the first producing cycle (3 months), also number of fruits per plant, fresh weight of fruits, equadorial and polar diameter, Total Solid Solubles (TSS), dry matter, yield per hectare and Benefic. Cost rate were. When we applied 5.0 mg.L-1 AG3 + 25 mg.L-1 kinetin, the days to flowering were reduced in 12.5%, 13.8% of fresh weight increased respect to control without hormones. When 15 mg.L-1 AG3 + 0.375 mg.L-1 Kinetin were applied flower numbers increased in 20% and number of fruits in 17,4%. The spray of 10 mg.L-1 AG3 + 0.250 mg.L-1 Kinetin increased equadorial diameter in 1.3% and the polar diameter in 2.0 %. After application of 5.0 mg.L-1 AG3 + 0.375 mg.L1 Kinetin dry matter was higher in 1.16 % respect to control. Combined mixtures of 5.0 mg.L-1 AG3 + 0.125 mg.L-1 Kinetin, 10 mg.L-1 AG3 + 0.375 mg.L-1 Kinetin and 15,0 mg.L-1 AG3 + 0.250 mg.L-1 Kinetin, reduced acidity in 0.48% in comparison with the control. For Total Solids Soluble no effect was observed after AG3 and Kinetin in any combination. The most profitable treatment was the application of 5.0 mg.L-1 AG3 + 0.250 mg.L-1 Kinetin, which reach $ 0.37 per invested dollar. The mixture of AG3 and Kinetin using different doses and combinations in F. ananassa, variety Albión, let us an efficient managements of flower induction, increased yield for selecting the best combination of plant hormones to reach higher profitability, aspect of great concern to farmers of strawberry at Cevallos Canton from Tungurahua province. Keywords: GA3, Albión, biostimulant, phytohormone, phytoregulator, bloom, Fragaria, strawberry, gibberellin, kinetin.Item Evaluación de extractos vegetales como alternativa ecológica para accionar el enraizamiento de estacas de rosa (Rosa spp.)(2017) Sisa Aguagallo, Marina Del Rocío; Cruz Tobar, EduardoIn the present work of investigation entitled " Evaluation of vegetable extracts like ecological alternative to drive the rooting of stakes of rose (Rose spp.) ", there was carried out in the neighborhood Misquillí, parish Santa Rosa of the canton Ambato, located to 3 177 msnm, latitude South 01°18 ' 47,2 " and of length West 078°40 ' 47,3 " and the aim of this investigation was to determine the best extract to drive the rooting of stakes of rose (Rose ssp.). The investigation was realized under a plastic cover, one used vegetable extracts of it corrupts and maize willow as biostimulants root, with a substratum (black land of high plateau 50 % + pumice 50 %) and fillings in disposable glasses of 10 ounces, briar was in use the variety of Natal rose. A design of Blocks used completely at random with six more treatments a witness and five repetitions. Extracts of seeds were realized germinated of it corrupts, maize and of succulent branches of willow, in concentrations of 125 and 250 g of material vegetal/500 ml of distilled water. The information of the variable days to the brotación to foliate there took up to 45 days after planted the stake, the information of length of the outbreak, length of the root and volume radicular they registered to 15, 30 and 45 days after the plantation of the stakes. Of the information obtained in field the following thing is summarized: for the variable days to the brotación the treatment E1C2 (250 g seed germinated of vicia/500 ml distilled water), has the minor time of brotación with an average of 12,8 days; for the variable length of the outbreak to 15 days there is no statistical significant difference but E1C2 have the major average of 0,36 cm, to 30 days E2C1 (125 g seed germinated of maize/500 ml of distilled water) it is the best with an average of 1,38 cm and in 45 days E2C1 he presents the best average of 3,18 cm; for the variable length and volume of the root to 15, 30, 45 days the best treatment went E1C2, presenting on the 45 days 5,94 cm of length radicular and 1,96 cm3 of volumen root.Item Empleo de bioestimulantes en la producción de flor cortada de lilium (Lilium sp.)(1997) Coca Ortíz, Diana Patricia; Valle, Luciano