Ciencias Agropecuarias

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Subject: search.filters.subject.DEGRADACIÓN

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    Influencia de la adición de enzimas exógenas y Saccharomyces cervisiae en las dietas de ovinos sobre la fermentación ruminal in vivo E in vitro de forrajes fibrosos
    (2018) Barona Calderón, María Gabriela; Barros Rodríguez, Marcos A.
    The objective of the present investigation was to evaluate the effect of exogenous enzymes and Saccharomyces cerevisiae in four fibrous forages (barley, oats, corn panca, quinoa panca) on ruminal fermentation in vivo and in vitro in sheep. For this, 4 male crossbred (whole) male sheep were used (Bar Diamond branded cannula, Parma, Idaho, USA) of 2 inches of internal diameter and 5 inches of external diameter). The animals were housed in individual cubicles and fed a diet based on barley that met the nutritional requirements, this diet was included exogenous fibrolytic enzymes and Saccharomyces cervisiae under the following doses or treatments: T1: 0% (enzymes or yeasts ), T2: diet with 0.2% enzymes, T3: diet with 0.09% yeast, T4: diet with 0.2% enzyme + 0.09% yeast. The ruminal functions evaluated were in vitro digestibility, kinetics of ruminal degradation in vivo and in vitro gas production. It was observed that the in vitro digestibility of MS and MO showed difference (P <0.05) between the treatments. In barley, greater digestibility index was obtained in treatments T4, and T3 (P = 0.0242 and 0.0204 respectively). In the oats in T2, and T4 (P = 0.0098 and 0.0060). In the corn pan in T1 and T4 (P = 0.0111 and 0.0128) and in the quinoa panca in T2 and T3 (P = 0.0061 and 0.0052). The production of in vitro gas in MS and MO shows statistical differences between rumen liquids. Obtaining as a result that in barley and corn pan the treatments that have less index of accumulated gas production ml / 0.5g MS fermentable (GV) is T1 and T4 (P = <.0001). However, in oats the most effective were T1 and T2 (P = <.0001) and finally in the quinoa pancake T1 (<.0001). In barley the treatments that have less production of methane gas (PM) is T2 and T1(P = <.0001). In oats T2, T3 and T4 (P = 0.0003). In the corn pan T3 and T4 (P = 0.0009) and in the quinoa panca T2 and T3 (<.00460).
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    Efecto de la adición de Bacillus spp. en ensilaje de maíz (Zea mays) sobre la cinética de degradación ruminal in situ y fermentación ruminal in vitro.
    (2017) Solís Villacrés, Ricardo David; Barros Rodríguez, Marcos
    The effect of the addition of Bacillus spp. in maize (Zea mays) stubble silage was evaluated on the in situ ruminal degradation kinetics and ruminal fermentation in vitro according to a completely randomized design with four dose treatments of Bacillus spp. (0, 1.5, 3, 4.5 ml/Kg DM). Determined the content of Dry Matter (DM), organic matter (OM), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (FDA) and the Effective Degradation (ED) of DM. In vitro digestibility consisted of incubating the samples with ruminal fluid for 48 h, in situ degradation of MS was performed in 6 male castrated cattle, weighing approximately 450 kg of mestizo breed, with a cannula fistula in the rumen (Bar Diamond, Parma, Idaho, USA). Maintained in zinc roof pens and cement floor, the animals were fed with a diet based on alfalfa fodder, the incubation times were 0, 3, 6, 12, 24, 36, 48, 72 and 96 h. The data obtained were adjusted to the model of Orskov & McDonald (1979) to establish the soluble (a), insoluble but potentially degradable fractions (b), degradation rates in % per hour (c), passage rates (k) 0.02, 0.05 and 0.08 (k /% h) and effective degradability (ED). Regarding the degradability of DM, the treatments T3 and T4 showed higher values in the insoluble but potentially degradable fraction (b) (45% and 44%, respectively). In relation to ruminal degradation of OM, soluble fraction (a) was higher (P = <.0001) in T1 (37%), T2 (39%) and T4 (38%) in relation to T3, the Insoluble fraction but potentially degradable (b) was higher (P = <.0001) in T3 (45%) and T4 (44%). The effective degradation with different passage rates (k) was greater (P> 0.05) in T2 and T4 than in the other treatments. The in vitro digestibility of DM and OM did not show differences (P = 0.1372 and P = 0.1169, respectively) between treatments. The ruminal pH in the 4 and 12 hours decreased in treatments T1, T2, T3 compared to T4 (7.11 and 7.36 respectively) post-incubation. Ammonia Nitrogen (NH3) presented statistical differences between treatments at hours 2, 4 and 8 post-incubation sampling, obtaining the highest (P <0.05) NH3 the experiments incubated with the silage treated with the highest dose of Bacillus spp. (T4). In the production of VFAs, propionic acid is higher in treatments T3 and T4 in hours (2, 4) and (2, 4 and 8) respectively.
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    Efecto del consumo de dietas a base de Artocarpus altilis y Theobroma cacao sobre la degradación ruminal de los nutrientes en bovinos
    (2017) Minda Costa, María Belén; Barros Rodríguez, Marcos
    An alternative for the reduction of production costs is the use of agricultural by-products or products that partially replace the grains and that provide the basic nutrients to meet the demands of productivity. The objective of this study is to determine the effect of the consumption of Artocarpus altilis and Theobroma cacao on ruminal in situ degradation and ruminal function in vitro. Six bulls, with a rumen fistula (Bar Diamond, Parma, Idaho, USA) of approximately 2 years of age with a mean weight of 350 kg, kept in zinc roof pens, cement floors, with a history of grass, and hay consumption. The animals were randomly assigned according to each treatment: T1: 0% inclusion of Artocarpus altilis and Theobroma cacao. T2; 15% inclusion of Theobroma cacao. T3: 15% inclusion of Artocarpus altilis. Differences were observed in the parameters of in vitro gas production when evaluating the effect of ruminal fluids (inocula: LD1, LD2 and LD3 ruminant liquids from animals consuming three types of diets D1, D2 and D3) and diets (D1; (P <0.0001) accumulated production of gas ml / 0.5g fermentable MS (GV) in all the incubated diets in ruminal fluid LD2. In the parameters of degradation of MS and MO in situ there is a difference between the degradation between diets (D1, D2 and D3, MS P = 0.0027, P = 0.0027, P = 0.0045 and MO, P = 0.0367, P = 0.0173, P = 0.0249, respectively), where an effect was obtained in the comparison (Diet 1 x Diet 2) and (Diet 1 x Diet 2 x Diet 3). In vitro digestibility was observed between ruminal fluids and the in vitro digestibility of OM and DM of the incubated diets (P = 0.0001 and P = 0.0041 respectively), as well as the effect of diets (P = 0.0082 and P = 0.0131 respectively). Obtaining the highest digestibility of the diets incubated in the ruminales liquids of the bulls fed diets D1 and D3 (LD1 and LD3). In terms of Ammonia, Volatile Fatty Acids and ruminal pH in situ ammoniacal nitrogen shows differences between treatments at the different sampling times, obtaining the highest (P <0.05) pH and N-NH3 the animals fed diets D2 and D3 respectively. Regarding VFAs, acetic acid is higher (P <0.05) in bulls fed with D2 and D3. Propionic acid was higher (P = 0.0001) in bulls fed D2 and D3 (0 h) and higher (P = 0.0001) in animals fed D1 and D3 (4 h). Key words: in vitro, in situ, digestibility, gas production, degradation, dry matter, organic matter.