Ciencias Agropecuarias
Permanent URI for this communityhttp://repositorio.uta.edu.ec/handle/123456789/870
Browse
8 results
Search Results
Item Efecto de leguminosas arbóreas sobre la preferencia de consumo en ovinos (Ovis aries)(2018) Chimborazo Azogue, Wilmer Hernán; Rivera Guerra, VerónicaThe aim of this investigation was to determine the intake preference of arboreal legumes in eight male sheep with average weight of 61,16 ± 3,3 kg. The following treatments were evaluated: Acacia melanoxylon (AM1), Acacia mearnssi (AM2), Acacia hayesii (AH), Senna muliglandulosa (SM), Caesalpina espinosa (CE), Genista monspessulana (GM). The voluntary intake preference was determined, through a cafeteria test. In situ ruminal degradability of MS and MO, though the technique that employs the nylon bag in the rumen Ørskov, Hovell, & Mould (1980). In vitro digestibility and gas production. The intake preference in the first phase showed significant differences (P<0.0001) among the legumes, with the highest intake the AM1, GM and AH. In the second phase, the highest (P<0.0001) intake was observed in the AM2 (32,0 gMS/day, 14,9 gMS/kgPV0,75 y 311,6 gMO/day, 14,9 gMO/kg PV0,75). Regarding the ruminal degradability of the MS in fraction A, the SM plant presented a higher percentage (56,3%), followed by CE with 48,4%, but statistically all the plants differ significantly (P<0.0001). Fraction B, the species with the highest (P<0.0001) degradation was AM2 (47,2%), followed by GM with 41,6% respectively. In Fraction c the data also differed significantly (P<0.0001). Something similar happened in the effective degradability. With respect to MO, in Fraction A with greater (P<0.0001) degradability was obtained in SM (54,6%), preceded by CE with 47,5% respectively. Highest (P<0.0001) digestibility was shown in GM, while higher gas production in AM1 and CE. It can be concluded that tree legumes such as AM1, AH and GM are a good alternative to incorporate in the sheep diets, since it has excellent voluntary intake and high protein level, which helps the digestive process.Item Influencia de enzimas exógenas O Saccharomyces cervisiae en dietas fibrosas sobre la fermentación ruminal y producción de gas in vitro en ovinos(2018) Razo Barrera, Jessica Yesenia; Barros Rodríguez, Marcos A.The purpose of this investigation was to evaluate the effect of the exogenous enzymes or Saccharomyces cerevisiae in fibrous forages over ruminal fermentation in ovines. The experiment was carry out in the Faculty of Agricultural Sciences of the UTA. Two experiments were carried out, 1) 4 mixed-breed male animals with an average live weight of 30kg housed in metabolic cages and 2) 4 mixed-breed male ovines provided with a fistula with a cannula in the rumen (2 inches of internal diameter and 5 inches of external diameter). The animals were distribute randomly in a 4x4 Latin square design. The ovines were fed an integral diet based on barley stubble. Four treatments were evaluated; T1: control diet (without enzymes or yeasts), T2: diet with enzymes (2 mg / kg), T3: diet with yeasts (1.5 mg / kg) and T4: diet with enzymes and yeasts (2 mg / kg enzymes + 1.5 mg / kg yeast). Voluntary intake, pH, ammoniacal nitrogen production, VFAs, kinetics of ruminal degradation in situ and in vitro, gas production were determined. Voluntary nutrient intake showed no differences between treatments (P> 0.05). Voluntary consumption of digestible nutrients was higher for T1, T2 and T4. Digestibility was higher for T1, T2 and T4 in MS and MO, while for NDF and FDA it did not show differences between treatments P = (0.1035 and 0.2029). The in situ ruminal degradation of the MS was greater for T2, T3 and T4. Regarding in vitro gas and methane production, the lowest production observed was in T1, T2 and T4. Finally, the pH remained at an average of 7.3 - 7.6, which is favorable for enzymes and optimal for ruminal microorganisms; the ammonia nitrogen increased in the T2 and the production of VFAs did not show differences between treatments (P> 0.05). Under the conditions of this study it was concluded that the addition of exogenous enzymes to the diet favored food consumption, fiber digestibility, degradation and pH, thus creating an optimal environment for the development of ruminal microorganisms and therefore a better synthesis of the protein; resulting in a decrease in gas production at the rumen level.Item Composición química y cinética de degradación ruminal de forraje verde hidropónico de avena a cuatro tiempos de cosecha(2017) Paillacho De La Cruz, Nelly Rocío; Barros Rodríguez, MarcosThe aim of this research was to evaluate the effect of the harvest age on the nutritional value of hydroponic green oat forage (HGOF). The research was carried out in the Faculty of Agriculture Sciences of the Technical University of Ambato. The seeds used of oat were of the variety INIAP 82. The planting density was 6.4kg/m2, the chemical fertilization was done covering the nutritional requirements for the cultivation by irrigation water (1L/m2 every 6 h). The experiment was conducted under a completely random design with four treatments (harvest times: T1:8, T2:11, T3:14 and T4:17 days) and six replicates. Were analyzed the following response variables: chemical composition, in vitro digestibility and in situ ruminal degradation of nutrients, this test was performed using the nylon bag in the rumen and six bulls of approximately 450±49 kg of live weight. The results show a greater (P=0.0012) MS content in treatments T2(94.56), T3(95.29) and T4(95.28), with respect to OM, FDA, EB did not show differences between treatments (P>0.05). However, NDF and Ash was higher (P<0.05) in treatments T3 and T4 (45.72 y 47.91, 4.46 y 4.91 respectively) in relation to the other treatments respectively. The potential degradation of DM and OM (A+B) did not show differences between treatments (P>0.05), however, in the effective degradation was greater (P<0.005) en T1 y T2. Regarding the degradation potential (A+B) and effective degradation of the NDF and ADF, they did not show differences between treatments evaluated (P>0.05). In vitro digestibility of DM and OM did not show differences between treatments (P>0.05). Under the conditions of this study it can be concluded that harvest times of FVHA for the feeding of ruminants are between 8 and 11 days, as it contains the highest nutrient content and better ruminal degradation parameter.Item Fermentación ruminal in vitro y cinética de degradación ruminal in situ de dietas a base de fruta de pan (Artocarpus altilis)(2017) Silva Ruilova, Jonathan Oliveiros; Barros Rodríguez, MarcosThe objective of this research was to evaluate the effect of diets based on breadfruit (Artacarpus altilis) on ruminal fermentation in vitro and kinetics of in situ ruminal degradation in cattle. On the apparent dry matter digestibility (DIVMS, DIVMO), dry matter degradation kinetics (DMS, DMO, DFDN, DFDA) and in vitro gas production (PGIV), 6 cannulated bulls of approximately 2 years Of age and 350 kg of live weight distributed in a completely randomized design, subjected to 3 treatments and 6 repetitions. For the treatments T1: 100% alfalfa, T2: 80% alfalfa + 20% breadfruit and T3: 60% alfalfa + 40% breadfruit. The IVDMD and DIVMO was higher P = (0.0006) for T3 (504.5; 517.4 g / kg respectively). The DMS and DMO fraction the soluble fraction (A), the insoluble fraction (B) and (c) degradation rate in percent per hour, did not show differences between treatments, whereas for DMS, K (0.05 h -1 and 0.08 H-1) effective degradation presents differences P = (0.0001, 0.0005 respectively) between treatments, with the highest percentages being T3 (59.6, 56.4) and T2 (57.8, 55.3) respectively. As for the effective degradation DMO, K (0.02 h-1 and 0.05 h-1) presented difference P = (0.0001) between treatments, obtaining the highest T3 results (62.4 and 57.5 respectively), K value (0.08 h- 1) was higher in T3 and t2 (54.1 and 52.4) presenting difference P = (0.0001) with respect to T1. For the DFDN, (A) does not present difference P = (0.3085) between treatments. While for (B) and (c) they show differences P = (0.0215 and 0.0320) respectively, being those with higher value T3 (37.0 and 0.092 respectively). With respect to K (0.02 h-1, 0.05 h-1 and 0.08 h-1), there were P = (0.0001) differences between treatments obtaining the highest T3 results (44.2, 37.8 and 33.7), respectively. Regarding DFDA, the parameters under study: (A), (c) did not present any difference, while for (B) the highest value was obtained T3 (32.8), presenting difference for P = (0.0104) with respect to T1. The DFDA K (0.02 h-1) presented its highest values in T2 and T3 (29.2 and 28.5), with a difference in P = (0.0005) in relation to T1, while in K (0.05 h -1 and 0.08 h -1) Did not show difference P = (0.1602 and 0.2303 respectively) between treatments. It was concluded that (Artocarpus altilis) could be used in diets for cattle up to 40%.Item Efecto de la fertilización orgánica sobre la calidad nutricional de Lolium multiflorum (RYEGRASS) en el cantón Cevallos(2017) Garcés Pico, Santiago Fernando; Pérez Salinas, Marco OswaldoThe objective of this research was to evaluate the nutritional quality of Lolium multiflorum (RYEGRASS) , fertilized with different organic fertilizers. Using a male bovine of about 120 kg. ruminal degradation in situ MS was determined., using the technique of the nylon bag in the rumen and digestibility. The results show that T4 corresponding to treatment Blend fertilizer has a yield of forage biomass greater than the other treatments (1101.1 kg DM / ha), crude protein T4 treatment corresponding to treatment mix fertilizers has the higher value than the other treatments (12.9). Acid detergent fiber takes its highest value in the treatment T2 corresponding to treatment of chicken manure and has the value of (35.65). Contrary to the results of the acid detergent fiber, the fiber neutral detergent has the highest value treatment T1 corresponding to the control (70.23), the potential for Degradation Ruminal Dry Matter, has the highest value in the treatment T2 corresponding to treatment of chicken manure (76.7), indicating that the more organic fertilizer nitrogenous contributed to growing Ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum) the greater the amount of acid detergent fiber result in the ruminal debrability is faster and can include in the diet of bovines improving rumen functions and reducing GHG emissions. Descriptors: organic fertilizers, biomass, nutritional quality, ruminal degradation, digestibility, fertilization, fodder, hens, sheep, pastures.Item Degradación ruminal de la materia seca y comportamiento productivo de ovinos consumiendo forraje de chenopodium quinoa(2016) Sánchez Gavilanes, Daniela Elizabeth; Barros Rodríguez, Marcos AntonioThe aim of this research was to determine the effect of the intake of residues post harvest of Chenopodium quinoa on the yield productive, apparent digestibility of DM, ruminal degradation of DM and in vitro gas production in sheep. The experiment was conducted at the Faculty of Sciences Agricultural - UTA, using two groups of sheep creole males, the first group of 12 sheep, with an age of 6 months and a weight average of 20. 88±1. 04 Kg of LW, they went to measure yield results by direct method, recording controls of weights, both animals and their consumption of food, over a period of 75 days included 15 days of adaptation and apparent digestibility in vivo in metabolic cages method. A second group of 6 sheep older than 8 months, cannulated in the rumen and with an average weight of 28.88±1.04 Kg of LW, for dry matter (DM) degradation was determined using the technique described by Ørskov, et al. (1980) and finally in vitro gas production. The sheep was distributed randomly with two treatments T1: (95.8% P. clandestinum), T2: (75.8% P. clandestinum and 20% bran of C. quinoa). The voluntary intake for T2 was higher in 152 g DM/day (P = 0.0428) to T1. The voluntary intake by Kg PV0.75 showed no significant difference (P=0.1385) among treatments. Feed conversion was lower (P = 0.0178) in T2 to T1 (7:1 to 9:1 respectively). The weight gain between treatments showed significant, being higher T2 by 29,35 g/Kg DM difference. The apparent digestibility of the DM not showed differences (P = 0.2689) among the treatments. For in vitro gas production (ml/0.5 g fermentable DM) was lower in T2 (P = 0.0215) with respect to T1. Ruminal degradation parameters showed no differences between treatments (P > 0.05). The soluble fraction (a) showed differences (P < 0.05) between forage being the kikuyo the highest percentage (30%). Insoluble but potentially degradable fraction (b) shows differences (P < 0.05) between forage, where the highest percentage of degradation was kikuyo (57%). Regarding of the rate of degradation (c) as a percentage per hour showed no significant (P > 0.05) between forage. It can be concluded that fodder residues of (C quinoa) can be included by 20% in the diet of sheep for LW moderate gain, when using low quality as is the case with the Kikuyu grass (P. clandestinum); today is a basic and traditional diet in sheep production in the country. Key words: digestibility, gas production, in-vitro, in-situ, voluntary intake, sheep.Item Cinética de degradación ruminal y producción de gas in vitro del rastrojo de Amaranthus cruentus en bovinos(2016) Oña Rodríguez, José Daniel; Rodríguez Barros, Marcos AntonioThe aim of this research was to evaluate the ruminal degradation kinetics of dry matter, apparent digestibility of dry matter, in vitro rumen protozoa and in vitro gas production in cattle. A bull provided with a cannula in the rumen (ruminal degradation and rumen fluid donation) was used. It was evaluated; ruminal degradation of dry matter, in vitro digestibility of dry matter, in vitro gas production and population in vitro rumen protozoa. Treatments: T1: 100% amaranth stubble, T2: kikuyo 100%, T3: stubble amaranth 25% + Kikuyo 75%, T4: amaranth stubble 50% + Kikuyo 50%. Digestibility and in vitro gas production was higher and lower respectively, only treatments with amaranth (T1), only kikuyu (T2) and in proportions of 50:50 of kikuyo and amaranth (T4). The population of rumen protozoa in vitro from hour 0 to 12 showed no differences (P> 0.05) between treatments in both stocks Entodiniomorfos and Holotrichs. From of hour 24 to 48 the holotrichs protozoa showed the differences between treatments (P <0.05). The soluble fraction (A) shows differences (P <0.05) between treatments. The insoluble but potentially degradable fraction shows differences (P <0.05) between treatments and T1 showed higher (0.054% / h: P <0.05) percentage degradation rate per hour (c) that other treatments. It is concluded that the use of diets with unconventional foods such as Amaranthus cruentus helps reduce the amount of protozoa and thus the production of greenhouse gases.Item Cinética de degradación ruminal in situ y producción de gas in vitro de residuos de poscosecha Theobroma cacao L. ensilado(2016) Mayorga Paredes, Sixto Edmundo; Barros Rodríguez, Marcos AntonioThe aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of husk cocoa silage (CMC) on the kinetics of degradation of dry matter (DMS), apparent dry matter digestibility (IVDMD), protozoa population of rumen (PPR) and in vitro gas production (PGIV). Eight sheep cannulated about 1 year of age and 25 kg live weight distributed in a completely randomized design, received 3 treatments and 8 repetitions were used. The treatments were the CMC under 3 periods silage T1: 0, T2 40 and T3: 70 days. The DMS was higher (P <0.05) for T1, both the soluble fraction (A) and insoluble fraction (B) was 404.2 and 403, 8 g / kg DM respectively. The IVDMD was May (605.47 g/kg MS: P= 0.0001) in T1 compared to the other treatments. Regarding the PGV the lower (P = 0.0001) gas production was observed in the T2: 23,22 and T3: 25,85 ml/0.5 g fermentable dry matter, with respect to T1. The PPR, the species Entodiniomorfos decreases in T1 to 24 hours of incubation, being different (P <0.05) than the other treatments. It is concluded that the use of the byproducts of postharvest husk cocoa without silage could be included in ruminant diets because their nutritional properties that can improve rumen function.