Ciencias Agropecuarias
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Item Uso de plasma autólogo como terapia regenerativa de glándulas mamarias en vacas con mastitis subclínica(2021-09) Zurita Oñate, Maritza Anabel; Rosero Peñaherrera, MarcoThe objective of this study was to evaluate the use of autologous plasma as regenerative therapy for mammary glands in cows with subclinical mastitis, in the Caserío Pinguili Las Lajas of the Mocha canton. We worked with 20 Holstein cattle of 3 and 6 years (1 to 4 deliveries), these experimental units were divided into 4 groups. The udder health evaluation was carried out by means of the California Mastitis Test (CMT), in order to verify the possible antigenic reaction compatible with mastitis. From the experimental units that were positive in the field test, 4 ml of milk were taken in a test tube and later they were sent to the laboratory to determine the presence of bacterial agents and perform an antibiogram. In addition, in order to obtain blood plasma, blood samples were taken from the jugular vein in test tubes with sodium citrate.The results obtained at the beginning of the trial were: Staphylococcus spp and Staphylococcus aureus, at the end of the experiment we also obtained the presence of Escherichia coli. The treatments were carried out with 5ml, 10ml and 15ml of plasma and with the help of a cannula it was placed on the nipple for three days in a row, resting for ten days and a booster dose on the eleventh day. The data obtained by the Kruskal Wallis test, in the age variable, the mean values obtained were for T1 5.00 a; T2 4.60 a; T3 4.60 a; T4 4.40 a, for the birth variable the means were T1 3.00 n / p; T2 2.60 n / p; T3 2.60 n / p; T4 2.40 n / p and for the colony count the means were T1 32.00 CFU / mL; T2 11.25 CFU / mL; T3 68.89 CFU / mL; T4 58.00 CFU / mL, the results obtained by this test do not show significant differences between treatments. By means of the box plot and the correspondence analysis, it was determined that the results for treatment 2 (5ml of plasma) presented a lower colony count compared to the other treatments, due to the fact that the teats that presented a high colony count Before applying the treatment at the end of the trial, they did not present any type of bacteria.Item Determinación de la presencia de genes de resistencia a betalactámicos y evaluación de diversidad clonal en aislados de Escherichia coli de origen canino de la ciudad de Ambato(2020-03-19) Garcés Arias, Xiomara Sthefanny; Calero Cáceres, William RicardoThe evolution and spread of multiresistant bacteria is considered prioritary, considering their impact in public health and animal safety worldwide. Therefore, the detection of reservoirs, routes of dissemination and evolution of these bacteria is aimed in order to limit their negative effects on public and animal health. Extended-spectrum-betalactamase Escherichia coli producer is considered an emerging health problem. In Ecuador, there are few available data on the molecular epidemiology of those of ESBL- E. coli producing bacteria in animals and environment. In the present study, the presence of beta-lactam resistance genes was evaluated as well as the clonal diversity of E. coli isolates of canine origin from the city of Ambato. The highest presence of beta-lactam resistance genes occurred in dogs with owners, in contrast to stray dogs. The most frequently detected genes were blaCTX-M and blaTEM. The blaSHV and blaCMY genes had a lower detection rate, however, these were found in combination with the blaCTX-M and blaTEM genes, indicating that they are isolates with considerable virulence. The analysis of clonal relatedness through the amplification of palindromic repetitive regions (GTG5) detected that the isolates comes from different lineages, discarding the hypothesis that suggest the presence of multi-resistant clones with a common ancestor, suggesting that their genotypes were acquired through recent horizontal genetic transmission. Dogs can act as a silent reservoir of microorganisms with antibiotic multiresistance genotypes. It is necessary an extended review of waste management procedures is necessary, as well as interactions with humans and animals under certain circumstances like immunological disorders.Item Presencia de genes de resistencia a antibióticos emergentes en aislados de Escherichia coli procedentes de aguas superficiales y sedimentos del Río Cutuchi y del Canal Latacunga-Salcedo-Ambato(2018) Mero García, Manuel Efraín; Calero Cáceres, WilliamDirección de Innovación y Emprendimiento según el CÓDIGO ORGÁNICO DE LA ECONOMÍA SOCIAL DE LOS CONOCIMIENTOS, CREATIVIDAD E INNOVACIÓN, Aprobado Registro Oficial Nº 899 diciembre de 2016 Artículo 11.- “Atribuciones de la entidad encargada de la gestión de la propiedad intelectual y de la protección de conocimientos tradicionales”, se encuentra gestionando, el proceso de trámite del Registro como Derecho de Autor, y reserva de tesis relevante, en el Servicio Nacional de Derechos Intelectuales (SENADI).Item Determinación de la presencia de genes de resistencia a antibióticos emergentes en aislados de escherichia coli en caninos de la ciudad de Ambato(2018) Núñez Arcos, Eduardo Javier; Calero Cáceres, William RicardoThe aim of this research was the identification of the presence of emerging antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in E. coli isolates from canines, using the multiplex PCR technique. The study was screened between January and March of 2018, in canine samples from veterinary clinics in Ambato, Tungurahua, Ecuador. Rectal swabs was collected from 148 canine samples. According to clinical origin, were 68 healthy canine samples, 40 with gastrointestinal diseases, 11 respiratory diseases, 13 dermatological diseases, 2 metabolic diseases and 14 with other conditions. According with their origin, 105 canines were domestic and 43 stray dogs. We isolated 114 strains of E. coli resistant to ceftriaxone from 61 animals. Later, multiplex PCR was performed (7 ARGs) to antibiotics of interest in veterinary medicine and public health were evaluated (blaKPC, blaNDM, blaIMP, blaOXA-48, mcr-1, sul1 y tetA). From 41.21% of sampled animals (61/148; 95% CI: 33-48), E. coli strains with ceftriaxone resistance phenotype were isolated. Using the multiplex PCR technique, 6.14% (I.C 95% 1.7-10) of strains of E. coli was carrying the mcr-1 gene. No positive amplifications of carbapenemase producing genes were detected. Additionally, 29.82% of isolates (I.C. 95% 21-37) presents the sulfonamide resistance gene sul1, and 55.26% of isolates (95% CI 46-64) has the tetracycline resistance gene tetA. Isolates of E. coli mcr-1 positive were isolated in healthy dogs and with canine distemper; as well as domestic and street animals. It is necessary to complement the present investigation, in order to detect the routes of dissemination of the clones carrying the mcr-1 gene, and to evaluate if there is any kind of clonal relationship between clinical and veterinary isolates carrying this gene and the isolates obtained in the present study.Item Efecto antimicrobiano del aceite de girasol (Helianthus annuus) ozonizado en cepas bacterianas Gram Positivas y Gram Negativas(2018) Moposita Yanza, Daniel Alejandro; Montero, MayraThe main objective in this work was to evaluate the antimicrobial effect of sunflower oil (Helianthus annuus) ozonized in Gram Positive and Gram Negative bacterial strains: Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus agalactiae, Salmonella choleraesuis and Escherichia coli. Obtaining the ozonated sunflower oil was done by submitting commercial sunflower oil to an ozonation process by bubbling in the ozone generating machine, calculating the exposure time in the machine of 90, 120 and 150 minutes, respectively. Taking into account that the longer exposure time in said machine, there is greater formation of oxidative compounds, such as peroxides, being these to which the antimicrobial effect is attributed. The sensitivity of the bacteria to the different treatments was carried out using the agar diffusion disc technique, the bacterial strains were seeded in the Mueller Hinton agar, placing the sensitivity discs with the respective treatments, incubating at 37ºC for 24 hours and subsequently The diameter of the growth halo was evaluated with a millimeter Hiantibotic ZoneScale. The design was completely randomized, with four treatments and 16 repetitions. Likewise, the analysis of variance was carried out according to the proposed design and the Tukey test 5% to compare the treatments. As a result of the diffusion disc method, it was obtained that the strain of Salmonella choleraesuis was the one that showed the highest degree of sensitivity, especially before the sunflower oil exposed 150 minutes in the ozone generating machine, giving haloes inhibition of between 30 and 32 mm However, all the strains were sensitive. The treatment that showed the best results was sunflower oil exposed 150 minutes in the ozone generating machine, in all the bacterial strains, this indicated that the longer exposure time sunflower oil has in the ozone machine had a greater effect antimicrobial.Item Efectividad diagnóstica del idexx vetlab® ua™ como predictor de infección del tracto urinario inferior en pacientes caninos clínicamente sospechosos(2018) Núñez Ramos, Israel Alejandro; Lozada Salcedo, Efraín EuclidesThe purpose of this research was to determine the percentage of urinary tract infections on 40 clinical suspicious canines using reactive strips and confirmation through urine culture, to isolate and identify the pathogen organism, and to determine the amount of bacteria present on the sample in order to evaluate the effectivity of reactive strips as a predictive test for urinary tract infections. Cystocentesis was used to attain the urine samples, which were immediately tested through reactive strips; each one of them was then sent to a private laboratory in order to obtain the urine culture. The exam was made through reactive strips, which were first impregnated in urine and introduced in a photometric analyzer, which emits immediate results. Once the result of the reactive strip was obtained, the rest of the sample was shipped to a private laboratory in order to determine the presences of photogenic organisms and the amount of colony forming units per milliliter through urine culture; process that lasted approximately three days. As a result, a positivity percentage exceeding the mean results was obtained, 57% if the total samples were positive for the urine cultures, being Escherichia coli the predominant pathogen (52,71%) followed by Staphylococcus saprofiticus (17,39%), Staphylococcus epidermidis (13.04%) and others (17,4%). The reactive strip had a sensibility of 91.3% and a specificity of 17.6%, positive predictive value of 60% and negative predictive value of 60%. In conclusion, the reactive strip is not a highly sensible test to diagnose urinary tract infection in canines, being necessary to confirm the results through urine culture. The investigative process used a descriptive statistical analysis.