Ciencias Agropecuarias
Permanent URI for this communityhttp://repositorio.uta.edu.ec/handle/123456789/870
Browse
9 results
Search Results
Item Efecto de forraje de moringa, de semilla de sacha inchi (Plukenetia volubilis) Y Acacia mearnsii en la fermentación y ecología microbiana ruminal(2021-08) Paucar Manjarres, Evelyn Katherine; Barros Rodríguez, Marcos AntonioThe effect of the inclusion of the seed of Sacha Inchi, forage of Moringa oleifera and Acacia mearnsii in the diet of sheep on fermentation and rumen microbial ecology was determined. The research was developed at the Querocha campus of the Universidad Tecnica de Ambato. Five treatments were evaluated: T1; (Moringa 40%- 60% fodder), T2; (sacha inchi 40%- fodder 60%), T3; (Acacia 40%- fodder 60%), T4; (Moringa 30%, Sacha inchi 30%, Acacia 30% y fodder 10%), under a Latin square design (5x5). The rumen degradation of the Dry Matter, Apparent digestibility of the Dry Matter and Production of gas, methane and carbon dioxide were evaluated. The soluble fraction (A) was higher (P = 0.0001) in the T2 treatment (41.2%), in the insoluble but potentially degradable fraction (B) no differences were observed between the evaluated treatments (P = 0.1602). The degradation rate in% per hour (c) was higher (P = 0.0001) in T1. The potential for A + B degradation was higher (P = 0.0006) in T2 (77.6%). The effective degradation at the different passage rates 0.02, 0.05 and 0.08 k was higher (P = 0.0001) in T1 (65.1, 56.8 and 52.3% respectively). DM digestibility was higher (P = 0.0001) in T5 (53.7). The production of gas, CH4 and CO2 was lower (P = 0.0001) in treatments T1 and T2. Holotric and Entodinomorphic protozoa populations at 12 hours did not show significant differences between treatments (P = 0.9438 and P = 0.1242 respectively). At 24 hours, the Holotric protozoa population was lower (P=0.0010) in T3 and T5. However, the population of Entodinomorphic protozoa did not show differences (P=0.1082) between treatments. Under the conditions of this study, it can be concluded that the inclusion of Moringa oleifera, Plukenetia volubilis and Acacia mearnsii forage in the diet of ruminants, reduces the production of greenhouse gases and the population of rumen protozoa.Item Influencia de extractos vegetales y aceite de sacha inchi sobre la fermentación ruminal in vitro.(2018) Agualongo Chango, Angel Daniel; Barros Rodríguez, Marcos A.The objective of the present investigation was to evaluate the effect of the addition of vegetable extracts and oil of Sacha inchi (Plukenetia volubilis) on in vitro ruminal fermentation, to reduce the emission of greenhouse gases, according to a completely randomized design, with twenty-two treatments: Albizia lophanta (AL), Acacia hayesii (AH), Acacia melanoxylon (AM), Baba de Teobroma cacao (BC), Sacha inchi oil ( ASI), a mixture of plant extracts (MSA) and a mixture of vegetable extracts with Sacha inchi oil (MCA) at doses of 0, 1, 3, 5 μl / 0.5g MS. The production of total gas, methane, CO2, in vitro digestibility, pH and Volatile Fatty Acids (VFAs) was determined. The in vitro fermentation was carried out in the laboratory with 132 bottles of 100 ml (6 bottles per treatment including the control treatment). Gas production was performed by the technique described by Theodorou et al. (1994), which consists in placing 0.500 mg of MS of sample in glass bottles with a capacity of 100 ml. In the bottles, 60 ml of inoculum (70:30, artificial saliva: ruminal content) was incubated at 39.5 ºC in an oven. The measurement of gas pressure and volume was measured manually at the following times 3, 6, 9, 12, 18, 24, 36, 48, 60, 72, 96 hours. For in vitro digestibility, the same procedure was used, but it was only incubated until 48 hours, the pH and the AGVs were incubated until 24 hours. With respect to total gas production and production of methane gas, the diets with AL 1% and ASI 1% showed the lowest results (P <.0001) in the total production of gas 506.28 and 538.87 ml / 0.5g MS (Vfi) respectively, in the production of methane gas 54,908 and 51,312 ml / 0.5 g MS respectively, while in the production of CO2 the lowest value was obtained only for AL 1% (160.45 ml / 0.5g MS). The in vitro digestibility of DM and MO showed differences (P = 0001) between treatments, with greater digestibility observed in ASI 1% (514. 27 g / Kg MS and 505.83 g / Kg MO). The pH shows difference (P = 0001) among the treatments presenting the most optimal value ASI 1% (6.95 - 6.99). In conclusion, the addition of oil of Sacha inchi (Plukenetia volubilis) 1% and extract of Albizia lophanta 1%, improves the digestibility, stabilizes the pH and reduces the emission of greenhouse gases.Item Efecto de la inclusión de sacha inchi (Plukenetia volubilis) en la dieta de ovinos sobre la fermentación ruminal y producción de gas IN VITRO(2018) Guamanì Toapanta, Sonia Nataly; Barros Rodríguez, Marcos A.El objetivo de este proyecto de investigación fue evaluar el efecto de la inclusión de sacha inchi (Plukenetia volubilis) en la dieta de ovinos sobre las funciones del rumen y la producción de gases de efecto invernadero. Esta investigación se realizó en los laboratorios de la Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias-UTA. Se evaluó la producción in vitro de gas, metano (CH4), dióxido de carbono (CO2) y pH ruminal. Así como también la digestibilidad in vitro de materia seca (MS) y materia orgánica (MO). Se realizaron dietas cubriendo los requerimientos nutricionales de los ovinos según el AFRC 1993, con diferentes niveles de inclusión de sacha inchi obteniendo ocho tratamientos: T1: dieta testigo (0% sacha inchi), T2: dieta con sacha inchi almendra 10%, T3: dieta con sacha inchi almendra 20%, T4: dieta con sacha inchi completo 10%, T5: dieta con sacha inchi completo 20%, T6: dieta con aceite de sacha inchi 2%, T7: dieta con aceite de sacha inchi 4%, T8: dieta con aceite de sacha inchi 6%. En la producción de gas metano y CO2 in vitro se observó la menor producción en T2 y T4. El pH ruminal no mostró diferencias significativas (P>0.05) entre los tratamientos. Sin embargo, la digestibilidad in vitro de la MS y MO mostró diferencias (P=0.0109 y P=0.0117 respectivamente) entre tratamientos, observándose una mayor digestibilidad tanto de MS como MO en T2 y T4 con respecto a los demás tratamientos. Bajo las condiciones de este estudio se concluyó que la adición de sacha inchi almendra y completo a un 10% a la dieta de ovinos favoreció a la disminución de gases de efecto invernadero, debido principalmente al contenido de aceites esenciales que posee ésta semilla, los mismos que afectan a la producción de metano por diversos mecanismos, incluyendo la biohidrogenación de los ácidos grasos insaturados, el aumento en la producción de ácido propiónico y la inhibición de bacterias productoras de nitrógeno amoniacal y algunos protozoos.Item Influencia de la adición de enzimas exógenas y Saccharomyces cervisiae en las dietas de ovinos sobre la fermentación ruminal in vivo E in vitro de forrajes fibrosos(2018) Barona Calderón, María Gabriela; Barros Rodríguez, Marcos A.The objective of the present investigation was to evaluate the effect of exogenous enzymes and Saccharomyces cerevisiae in four fibrous forages (barley, oats, corn panca, quinoa panca) on ruminal fermentation in vivo and in vitro in sheep. For this, 4 male crossbred (whole) male sheep were used (Bar Diamond branded cannula, Parma, Idaho, USA) of 2 inches of internal diameter and 5 inches of external diameter). The animals were housed in individual cubicles and fed a diet based on barley that met the nutritional requirements, this diet was included exogenous fibrolytic enzymes and Saccharomyces cervisiae under the following doses or treatments: T1: 0% (enzymes or yeasts ), T2: diet with 0.2% enzymes, T3: diet with 0.09% yeast, T4: diet with 0.2% enzyme + 0.09% yeast. The ruminal functions evaluated were in vitro digestibility, kinetics of ruminal degradation in vivo and in vitro gas production. It was observed that the in vitro digestibility of MS and MO showed difference (P <0.05) between the treatments. In barley, greater digestibility index was obtained in treatments T4, and T3 (P = 0.0242 and 0.0204 respectively). In the oats in T2, and T4 (P = 0.0098 and 0.0060). In the corn pan in T1 and T4 (P = 0.0111 and 0.0128) and in the quinoa panca in T2 and T3 (P = 0.0061 and 0.0052). The production of in vitro gas in MS and MO shows statistical differences between rumen liquids. Obtaining as a result that in barley and corn pan the treatments that have less index of accumulated gas production ml / 0.5g MS fermentable (GV) is T1 and T4 (P = <.0001). However, in oats the most effective were T1 and T2 (P = <.0001) and finally in the quinoa pancake T1 (<.0001). In barley the treatments that have less production of methane gas (PM) is T2 and T1(P = <.0001). In oats T2, T3 and T4 (P = 0.0003). In the corn pan T3 and T4 (P = 0.0009) and in the quinoa panca T2 and T3 (<.00460).Item Influencia de enzimas exógenas O Saccharomyces cervisiae en dietas fibrosas sobre la fermentación ruminal y producción de gas in vitro en ovinos(2018) Razo Barrera, Jessica Yesenia; Barros Rodríguez, Marcos A.The purpose of this investigation was to evaluate the effect of the exogenous enzymes or Saccharomyces cerevisiae in fibrous forages over ruminal fermentation in ovines. The experiment was carry out in the Faculty of Agricultural Sciences of the UTA. Two experiments were carried out, 1) 4 mixed-breed male animals with an average live weight of 30kg housed in metabolic cages and 2) 4 mixed-breed male ovines provided with a fistula with a cannula in the rumen (2 inches of internal diameter and 5 inches of external diameter). The animals were distribute randomly in a 4x4 Latin square design. The ovines were fed an integral diet based on barley stubble. Four treatments were evaluated; T1: control diet (without enzymes or yeasts), T2: diet with enzymes (2 mg / kg), T3: diet with yeasts (1.5 mg / kg) and T4: diet with enzymes and yeasts (2 mg / kg enzymes + 1.5 mg / kg yeast). Voluntary intake, pH, ammoniacal nitrogen production, VFAs, kinetics of ruminal degradation in situ and in vitro, gas production were determined. Voluntary nutrient intake showed no differences between treatments (P> 0.05). Voluntary consumption of digestible nutrients was higher for T1, T2 and T4. Digestibility was higher for T1, T2 and T4 in MS and MO, while for NDF and FDA it did not show differences between treatments P = (0.1035 and 0.2029). The in situ ruminal degradation of the MS was greater for T2, T3 and T4. Regarding in vitro gas and methane production, the lowest production observed was in T1, T2 and T4. Finally, the pH remained at an average of 7.3 - 7.6, which is favorable for enzymes and optimal for ruminal microorganisms; the ammonia nitrogen increased in the T2 and the production of VFAs did not show differences between treatments (P> 0.05). Under the conditions of this study it was concluded that the addition of exogenous enzymes to the diet favored food consumption, fiber digestibility, degradation and pH, thus creating an optimal environment for the development of ruminal microorganisms and therefore a better synthesis of the protein; resulting in a decrease in gas production at the rumen level.Item Efecto de la adición de bacillus spp. en ensilaje de maíz (zea mays) sobre la cinética de degradación ruminal in situ y fermentación ruminal in vitro.(2017) Solís Villacrés, Ricardo David; Barros Rodríguez, MarcosThe effect of the addition of Bacillus spp. in maize (Zea mays) stubble silage was evaluated on the in situ ruminal degradation kinetics and ruminal fermentation in vitro according to a completely randomized design with four dose treatments of Bacillus spp. (0, 1.5, 3, 4.5 ml/Kg DM). Determined the content of Dry Matter (DM), organic matter (OM), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (FDA) and the Effective Degradation (ED) of DM. In vitro digestibility consisted of incubating the samples with ruminal fluid for 48 h, in situ degradation of MS was performed in 6 male castrated cattle, weighing approximately 450 kg of mestizo breed, with a cannula fistula in the rumen (Bar Diamond, Parma, Idaho, USA). Maintained in zinc roof pens and cement floor, the animals were fed with a diet based on alfalfa fodder, the incubation times were 0, 3, 6, 12, 24, 36, 48, 72 and 96 h. The data obtained were adjusted to the model of Orskov & McDonald (1979) to establish the soluble (a), insoluble but potentially degradable fractions (b), degradation rates in % per hour (c), passage rates (k) 0.02, 0.05 and 0.08 (k /% h) and effective degradability (ED). Regarding the degradability of DM, the treatments T3 and T4 showed higher values in the insoluble but potentially degradable fraction (b) (45% and 44%, respectively). In relation to ruminal degradation of OM, soluble fraction (a) was higher (P = <.0001) in T1 (37%), T2 (39%) and T4 (38%) in relation to T3, the Insoluble fraction but potentially degradable (b) was higher (P = <.0001) in T3 (45%) and T4 (44%). The effective degradation with different passage rates (k) was greater (P> 0.05) in T2 and T4 than in the other treatments. The in vitro digestibility of DM and OM did not show differences (P = 0.1372 and P = 0.1169, respectively) between treatments. The ruminal pH in the 4 and 12 hours decreased in treatments T1, T2, T3 compared to T4 (7.11 and 7.36 respectively) post-incubation. Ammonia Nitrogen (NH3) presented statistical differences between treatments at hours 2, 4 and 8 post-incubation sampling, obtaining the highest (P <0.05) NH3 the experiments incubated with the silage treated with the highest dose of Bacillus spp. (T4). In the production of VFAs, propionic acid is higher in treatments T3 and T4 in hours (2, 4) and (2, 4 and 8) respectively.Item Fermentación ruminal y síntesis de proteína microbial en ovinos consumiendo dietas a base de Lupinus mutabilis(2017) Calderón Zavala, Celso Fabián; Barros Rodríguez, MarcosThe objective of this research was to determine the effect of the voluntary intake of diets with ascending levels of Lupinus mutabilis on ruminal fermentation, nitrogen balance, microbial protein synthesis in sheep, as well as the effect of diets on the gas production in vitro The work was carried out in the Experimental Teaching Farm Querochaca, located in the sector of the Tambo Cevallos, province of Tungurahua. Five male sheep with an average of 31.3 kg were used, which were given an iso-energetic and iso-protein diet with different levels of Lupinus mutabilis to observe the ruminal function to include tannins in the diet, the animals went through a A fifteen-day adaptation period plus a five-day period where samples were collected for laboratory analysis, resulting in 100-day fieldwork where each animal was confined to its metabolic cage. Voluntary consumption of Condensed Tannins (TC) showed a linear increase (P <0.0001) as Lupinus mutabilis levels were increased in the sheep diet. However, this did not affect the voluntary consumption of nutrients, consumption of PV0.75 and consumption of digestible nutrients, or digestibility of DM, OM and NDF between treatments (P> 0.05). However, PC digestibility was higher (P = 0.0007) in treatments with ascending levels of Lupinus mutabilis in the diet, with a linear and quadratic response (P = 0.0002 and P = 0.0080 respectively). With respect to the digestibility of the FDA, differences (P = 0.0033) between treatments were observed, decreasing the digestibility linearly (P = 0.0003) as TC consumption from Lupinus mutabilis increased in the diet (Table 7). The N-NH3 content in the ruminal fluid was higher (P = 0.0006) in treatments T1 and T2 (29.2 and 27.8 mg / L respectively) with a linear reduction (P = 0.0001) as levels of Lupinus mutabilis in the diet. Regarding volatile fatty acids, there were no differences (P> 0.05) between treatments. However, a linear decrease (P = 0.0065) in acetic acid.Item Fermentación ruminal in vitro y cinética de degradación ruminal in situ de dietas a base de fruta de pan (Artocarpus altilis)(2017) Silva Ruilova, Jonathan Oliveiros; Barros Rodríguez, MarcosThe objective of this research was to evaluate the effect of diets based on breadfruit (Artacarpus altilis) on ruminal fermentation in vitro and kinetics of in situ ruminal degradation in cattle. On the apparent dry matter digestibility (DIVMS, DIVMO), dry matter degradation kinetics (DMS, DMO, DFDN, DFDA) and in vitro gas production (PGIV), 6 cannulated bulls of approximately 2 years Of age and 350 kg of live weight distributed in a completely randomized design, subjected to 3 treatments and 6 repetitions. For the treatments T1: 100% alfalfa, T2: 80% alfalfa + 20% breadfruit and T3: 60% alfalfa + 40% breadfruit. The IVDMD and DIVMO was higher P = (0.0006) for T3 (504.5; 517.4 g / kg respectively). The DMS and DMO fraction the soluble fraction (A), the insoluble fraction (B) and (c) degradation rate in percent per hour, did not show differences between treatments, whereas for DMS, K (0.05 h -1 and 0.08 H-1) effective degradation presents differences P = (0.0001, 0.0005 respectively) between treatments, with the highest percentages being T3 (59.6, 56.4) and T2 (57.8, 55.3) respectively. As for the effective degradation DMO, K (0.02 h-1 and 0.05 h-1) presented difference P = (0.0001) between treatments, obtaining the highest T3 results (62.4 and 57.5 respectively), K value (0.08 h- 1) was higher in T3 and t2 (54.1 and 52.4) presenting difference P = (0.0001) with respect to T1. For the DFDN, (A) does not present difference P = (0.3085) between treatments. While for (B) and (c) they show differences P = (0.0215 and 0.0320) respectively, being those with higher value T3 (37.0 and 0.092 respectively). With respect to K (0.02 h-1, 0.05 h-1 and 0.08 h-1), there were P = (0.0001) differences between treatments obtaining the highest T3 results (44.2, 37.8 and 33.7), respectively. Regarding DFDA, the parameters under study: (A), (c) did not present any difference, while for (B) the highest value was obtained T3 (32.8), presenting difference for P = (0.0104) with respect to T1. The DFDA K (0.02 h-1) presented its highest values in T2 and T3 (29.2 and 28.5), with a difference in P = (0.0005) in relation to T1, while in K (0.05 h -1 and 0.08 h -1) Did not show difference P = (0.1602 and 0.2303 respectively) between treatments. It was concluded that (Artocarpus altilis) could be used in diets for cattle up to 40%.Item Efecto del valor nutrimental de Chenopodium quinoa sobre la fermentación ruminal in vitro y población de protozoarios del rumen en bovinos(2016) Cajas Naranjo, Mariana del Rocio; Barros Rodríguez, Marcos AntonioEl objetivo de esta investigación fue evaluar el efecto del valor nutrimental de Chenopodium quinoa sobre la fermentación ruminal in vitro y población de protozoarios del rumen en bovinos. Se utilizó un toro provisto de una cánula en el rumen. Se evaluaron los siguientes tratamientos: semilla de quínoa (SQ), planta entera de quínoa (PEQ) y rastrojo de quínoa (RQ), (Tunkahuan). Se analizaron las siguientes variables de respuesta: compuestos secundarios, degradación ruminal in situ de la materia seca (MS), digestibilidad aparente de la MS in vitro (DIVMS), producción de gas in vitro (PGIV), poblaciones de protozoarios ruminales. Los resultados del screening fitoquímico muestran leve concentración de saponinas para SQ y PEQ, presencia cuantiosa de alcaloides para SQ y PEQ. La mayor (P<0.05) DIVMS y menor PGIV se observó en SQ (80.6% y 280.98 ml de gas/0.5mg MS fermentable, respectivamente). Con respecto a la degradación ruminal de la MS el mayor (P<0.05) porcentaje se observó en SQ y PEQ (97.7 y 80.8 respectivamente). La población de protozoarios Holótricos a partir de las 24 horas se redujo a 0 en todos los tratamientos, con respecto a la población de Entodiniomorfos a partir de las 24 horas se observó diferencias (P=0.0001) entre los tratamientos, siendo la menor población para la PEQ. Se puede concluir que SQ y PEQ se podrían incluir en la alimentación de los bovinos ya que mejora los parámetros de fermentación ruminal y reduce la producción de gas.