Ciencias Agropecuarias
Permanent URI for this communityhttp://repositorio.uta.edu.ec/handle/123456789/870
Browse
13 results
Search Results
Item Influencia del biocarbono sobre la respuesta morfofisiología de vitroplantas de Solanum tuberosum L. Var Superchola(2024-02) Mayorga Romero, Santiago Alberto; Munóz Espinosa, Manolo SebastiánThe study addresses the influence of biocarbon in vitroplants of Solanum tuberosum L. Var Superchola under greenhouse conditions. In a global context of agricultural challenges, biocarbon is presented as a sustainable strategy to improve productivity and reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Biocarbon, derived from organic residues such as teak, improves soil fertility, increases moisture retention and increases cation exchange capacity. The study focuses on the Superchola variety, important in the Ecuadorian diet and economy, with the objective of evaluating how vitroplants respond to teak biocarbon substrates. The research was carried out at the Technical University of Ambato. Based on the results obtained, they revealed that the combination of biocarbon and peat affects the morphophysiological response of vitroplants. Mixtures with a lower proportion of biocarbon showed better results, with Tb1-Bc0 (100% blond peat + 0% biocarbon) standing out. In addition, it was observed that high amounts of biocarbon negatively affect plant growth. Nutrient extraction varied according to substrate combinations, being advisable to optimize the choice of mixtures to promote a favorable morphophysiological response. The importance of monitoring biocarbon use is emphasized and further investigation of its interaction with plant morphology and nutrient extraction is suggested. As we have seen, the study offers guidelines to improve the sustainable production of potatoes, a vital species for food and economy in Ecuador, emphasizing the need for a careful and strategic management of biocarbon. Key words: Biochar, Vitroplants, Morphophysiology, Nutrients and Sustainable production.Item Evaluación de la productividad en el cultivo de mora (Rubus glaucus Benth) mediante la aplicación de abonos orgánicos en Santa Rosa-Tungurahua(2023-03) Mazabanda Chicaiza, Erika Lizbeth; Pallo Paredes, Edwin LeonardoThe purpose of this research is to evaluate the productivity through the application of organic fertilizers in the cultivation of blackberry (Rubus Glaucus Benth) in the Santa Rosa parish, San Pablo Community, Ambato canton, Tungurahua province. For this research, the application of four organic fertilizers was carried out: chicken manure, sheep, guinea pig and E-EMAPA biosolids, at a dose of (5 t/ha and 10 t/ha) for each of the treatments. For the analysis of results, a randomized complete block design was used with a 4x2+1 factorial arrangement, with three repetitions. The data obtained were analyzed by means of ADEVA and the Tukey test at 5%. According to the field test and the statistical analysis, it was possible to determine that the highest results were: for the shoots per plant variable, the best treatment was A4B1 (Sludge from the E-EMAPA Wastewater Treatment Plant at a dose of 5t/ha) with an average of 7.56 shoots/plant; for the variable inflorescences per plant, treatment A4B1 (Sludge from the E-EMAPA Wastewater Treatment Plant at a dose of 5t/ha) with an average of 21.00 inflorescences/plant; for the fruit per plant variable, treatment A4B1 (Sludge from the E-EMAPA Wastewater Treatment Plant at a dose of 5t/ha) with an average of 15.56 fruit/plant; for the variable content of soluble solids, the treatment A1B1 (Manure chicken manure at a dose of (5 t/ha) with an average of 7.24 content of soluble solids (°Brix); for the variable yield per plant, the treatment A4B1 ( Sludge from the E-EMAPA Wastewater Treatment Plant at a dose of 5t/ha) with an average yield of 74.86 grams per plant, therefore, a minimum production increase of 20% is evident when applying the E-EMAPA biosolids in the blackberry crop.Item Evaluación de métodos de aplicación de polyter en cultivo de fresa (fragaria vesca)(2018) Morocho Ausay, Leonardo Jonathan; Valle, LucianoThis essay was carried out in the Technical University of Ambato, in the Agricultural Science Faculty by Querochaca, it’s located in the Cevallos canton its coordinates are latitude 1°22'08'', longitude 78°36'22" and it is found by the 2880 meters above sea level. This searching was made in order to assess the application of Polyter in the strawberry crop (Fragariavesca) to increase the volume of the root and get a better accumulation of nutrients in the fruit, to assess the most appropriated application method of Polyter in the absorption of nutrients, to establish the nutrients concentration curves, to establish the performance of the first floral bunch.The studied treatments were the following: T1 Hydrated Polyter, T2 Dry Polyter and T3 Witness. The analyzed variables in the studio were: placement plant, nutrients concentration curves, root volume, leaf area, the performance of the first floral bunch, Brix degrees and the hardness of the fruit. The highest performance at the first floral bunch was the T1 Hydrated Polyter treatment with 23,99 g, and the T2 Dry Polyter was the less value treatment with 18,08 g. The highest leaf area was obtained in the T3 Hydrated Polyter treatment with 220,90 cm2 in the flowering stage, here is where you see the highest growing up of plants, the Witness T3 treatment had a value of 167,32 cm2. The highest values in terms of mg of nutrients accumulated in the fruit collection stage were the T1 hydrated Polyter with 38,13 mg of Nitrogen, 5,84 mg of Phosphorus, 16,90 mg of Potassium, 12,51 mg of Calcium and 4,27 mg of Magnesium, the treatment with the less value was the T2 Dry Polyter with 28,70 mg of Nitrogen, 3,62 mg of Phosphorus, 15,15 mg of Potassium, 8,68 mg of Calcium and 2,89 mg of Magnesium, it is because of in this treatment the hydrogel was gradually hydrated with the nutrient solution provided in the fertigation.Item Evaluación de tuza de maíz tostada como sustratos para la producción de plantas de lechuga(2018) Garzón Borja, Silvana Del Carmen; Curay, SegundoThis studio was carried out in the Tungurahua Province, Ambato canton, Montalvo Parish, Luz de America Town, in the Segundo Curay engineer’s property, its coordinates are: 01⁰24'00" S, longitude: 78⁰23’00" W, and to 2600 meters above sea level. This searching was carried out in order to assess the roasted corncob as a substrate to produce lettuce plants (Lactuca sativa), to establish the efficacy of roasted corncob as a substrate for the production of lettuce plants (Lactuca sativa), to determine the characteristics of chemical of the substrate made with corncob. The studied treatments were the followings: T1 fine corncob 75% + Humus 25%, T2 fine corncob 75% + Pomina 25%,: T3 fine corncob 75% + husk 25%, T4 fine corncob 75 % + Humus 25%, T5 thick corncob 75% + Pomina 25%, T6 thick corncob 75% + husk 25%, T7 fine corncob 100%, T8 thick corncob 100% and finally T9 that is Kekilla 100%. The analyzed variables in the estudio were: analysis of substrates, germinative vigor, percent of germination, stem thickness, height of plant, root volume, days to harvest and leaf analysis. The highest accumulation of nutrients in the substrate at the end of the essay is seen in the treatment T6 thick corncob 75% + Humus 25% with a percent of Nitrogen of 2.68% available for the adequate development of the seedling in its definitive site. The highest percent of germination at 15 days after sowing is the T9 commercial substrate Kekilla treatment with 97,43% it was getting a germination of almost 99% which is the acceptable in this variable, then it found the treatment T6 thick corncob 75% + Humus 25% with an average of 88,85%. For the root volume it could be seen that the first place is for the commercial substrate Kekilla T9 treatment with an average of 1.84 cc, for the height of the plant, the T9 Treatment is in the first place the commercial substrate Kekilla with 12,73 cm, then the treatment T6 thick corncob 75% + Humus 25% with 11,35%, being statistically equal, but mathematically different.Item Aplicación de nutrientes foliares en los estados fenológicos del cultivo de mora (Rubus glaucus Benth) en la Granja Experimental Píllaro(2018) Rodríguez Ortega, Irma Liliana; Valle Velástegui, Edgar LucianoThe study was carried out at National Agricultural Research Institute "INIAP", located in the Píllaro canton, Tungurahua province; 20 km north of the Ambato city, with an altitude of 2,779. The geographic coordinates are: 01 10' 33,6" South latitude and 78 33' 32,6" West longitude, in order to evaluate the influence of four foliar nutrients (boron, zinc, iron and calcium), applied in four phenological stages (at the beginning of yolk, at the beginning of flowering, in the mooring of the fruit, in the development of fruit), to increase the yield of the blackberry cultivation (Rubus glaucus Benth); more than performing the cost-benefit analysis of treatments. The treatments were four that received application of nutrients and a treatment that was not applied. The completely randomized blocks experimental design (CADB) was used, with five treatments and four repetitions. The variance analysis (ANOVA) and Tukey tests were performed at 5%. With the application of boron at the beginning of the yolk, zinc at the beginning of flowering, iron in fruit mooring, calcium in fruit development plus farmer management (T1), the best results were obtained, as a greater number of production centers were observed (26,00), with the best number of fruits harvested per branch (7,25). The fruits had a greater polar diameter (2,52 cm) and an equatorial diameter (2,91 cm), pulp pressure of 1,81 lb. of pressure, with greater weight (8,36 g), so that the better yields (5,45 kg/plant). From an economic analysis, it is concluded that the treatment that was applied boron at the beginning of the yolk, zinc at the beginning of flowering, iron in fruit mooring, calcium in fruit development plus the farmer management (T1), reached the highest cost benefit ratio of 0,57, where the net benefits obtained were 0,57 times what was invested, being from the economic point of view the most profitable treatment.Item Evaluación del biofertilizante foliar a base de frutas (Ferti Fruit) en la asimilación de nutrientes en la lechuga (Lactuca Sativa L.).(2017) Ojeda Vargas, Luis Alberto; Pérez, MarcoThe research work titled "Evaluation of the fruit biofertilizer (Ferti fruit) in the assimilation of nutrients in lettuce (Lactuca Sativa L.)" was carried out in the Olmedo sector, belonging to the Pelileo canton, Tungurahua province; with an altitude of 2580 msnm. The geographic coordinates are: 01° 19' 13.9'' South latitude and 78° 32' 07.4'' West longitude. The research was carried out in order to evaluate the amount of nutrients that the crop can to receive from the biofertilizer, being this the only nutritive contribution that the plant had throughout its cycle, since it was on a substrate chemically inert. The treatments were three according to the applied doses; V1D1 3 ml / l, V1D2 5 ml / l, V1D3 7 ml / l. For the establishment of the test its used a random block design with four replicates. No statistical analysis was used because sub-samples were taken from each replicate to form a composite sample from each treatment. The results were interpreted in a comparative way. Three applications were made with the biofertilizer based on fruits, the same ones that were done at 20, 40 and 60 days after the transplant. To determine the concentrations of nutrients by the plant, foliar analyzes were performed before and after each application. For that purpose, samples were taken from lettuce leaves, which were sent to the Soil and Thermochemical Laboratory of the Faculty of Agricultural Sciences of the Technical University of Ambato. When performing the interpretation of the results, it was determined that the V1D3 treatment (7 ml / l) contributed a higher concentration of nutrients to the plant, with minimal differences in the assimilation of the other nutrients in the three treatments; this is evidenced by greater growth and uniformity in lettuce plants compared to other treatments.Item Caracterización de la calidad del abono de aves de postura y de engorde (Gallus gallus domesticus), utilizado en la agricultura de San José de Puñachizag, cantón Quero(2017) Tipan Tuinga, Teresa De Jesús; Dobronski, JorgeThis research work presented below was carried out in the community of San José de Puñachizag in the canton Quero, province of Tungurahua with altitude of 3118 msnm. The geographic coordinates are: 01 24’ 14” south latitude and 78 35’ 48” longitude west, with the purpose of characterize the quality of the manure of posture and fattening birds (Gallus gallus domesticus), used in agriculture. Poultry farms generate organic residues of hen and chicken manure; brings to the soil macro and micro nutrients; they are of slow action in benefit for the farming and that using it in a fresh way causes negative effects on the environment and the soil. Hen and Chicken manure samples were used for laboratory analysis; From which pH, C.E., M.O., total N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Cu, Mn and Zn were determined. The results obtained indicate the following: by the content of M.O. The pollinaza can be used in the agriculture of the area. Regarding the surveys, it was possible to know about the use that the farmers make to the manure, that this applies immediately to the farming especially of potato, exposing to the soil and to the farming that they are contaminated, not knowing the amount of nutrients that they are applying.Item Efecto del consumo de dietas a base de Artocarpus altilis y Theobroma cacao sobre la degradación ruminal de los nutrientes en bovinos(2017) Minda Costa, María Belén; Barros Rodríguez, MarcosAn alternative for the reduction of production costs is the use of agricultural by-products or products that partially replace the grains and that provide the basic nutrients to meet the demands of productivity. The objective of this study is to determine the effect of the consumption of Artocarpus altilis and Theobroma cacao on ruminal in situ degradation and ruminal function in vitro. Six bulls, with a rumen fistula (Bar Diamond, Parma, Idaho, USA) of approximately 2 years of age with a mean weight of 350 kg, kept in zinc roof pens, cement floors, with a history of grass, and hay consumption. The animals were randomly assigned according to each treatment: T1: 0% inclusion of Artocarpus altilis and Theobroma cacao. T2; 15% inclusion of Theobroma cacao. T3: 15% inclusion of Artocarpus altilis. Differences were observed in the parameters of in vitro gas production when evaluating the effect of ruminal fluids (inocula: LD1, LD2 and LD3 ruminant liquids from animals consuming three types of diets D1, D2 and D3) and diets (D1; (P <0.0001) accumulated production of gas ml / 0.5g fermentable MS (GV) in all the incubated diets in ruminal fluid LD2. In the parameters of degradation of MS and MO in situ there is a difference between the degradation between diets (D1, D2 and D3, MS P = 0.0027, P = 0.0027, P = 0.0045 and MO, P = 0.0367, P = 0.0173, P = 0.0249, respectively), where an effect was obtained in the comparison (Diet 1 x Diet 2) and (Diet 1 x Diet 2 x Diet 3). In vitro digestibility was observed between ruminal fluids and the in vitro digestibility of OM and DM of the incubated diets (P = 0.0001 and P = 0.0041 respectively), as well as the effect of diets (P = 0.0082 and P = 0.0131 respectively). Obtaining the highest digestibility of the diets incubated in the ruminales liquids of the bulls fed diets D1 and D3 (LD1 and LD3). In terms of Ammonia, Volatile Fatty Acids and ruminal pH in situ ammoniacal nitrogen shows differences between treatments at the different sampling times, obtaining the highest (P <0.05) pH and N-NH3 the animals fed diets D2 and D3 respectively. Regarding VFAs, acetic acid is higher (P <0.05) in bulls fed with D2 and D3. Propionic acid was higher (P = 0.0001) in bulls fed D2 and D3 (0 h) and higher (P = 0.0001) in animals fed D1 and D3 (4 h). Key words: in vitro, in situ, digestibility, gas production, degradation, dry matter, organic matter.Item Efecto de la achira (Canna edulis) sobre el consumo voluntario y la digestibilidad aparente de nutrientes en cuyes (Cavia porcellus) en la etapa de engorde(2017) Caguana Lagua, María Hortencia; Rivera, VerónicaThe objective of this inquiry was to evaluate the effect of ingestion of the diets based on achira flour on the productive behavior, voluntary consumption and apparent digestibility of nutrients the guinea pig. This research was carried out in the Faculty of Agricultural Sciences - UTA. Twenty-eight male guinea pigs, of 8 weeks old were used, randomly distributed in four experimental diets: T1 with 0% of achira flour, T2 with 8% of achira flour, T3 with 16% of achira flour, T4 with 24% of Achira flour. Voluntary intake of nutrients from diets was evaluated; weight gain; Feed conversion and apparent nutrient digestibility. Voluntary intake of nutrients showed no difference between treatments for the following nutrients: dry matter (P = 0.0570) with 62.670 g / day in T2 being the highest value among treatments; Organic matter (P = 0.0377) for T2 with 64.933 g / day; Neutral detergent fiber (P = 0.0214) for T2 with 24,440 g / day and acid detergent fiber (P = 0.0346) for T2 11.6583 g / day. While for crude protein showed differences (P = <.0001) between treatments being the highest consumption for T2 (17.4567 g / day). Weight gain and feed conversion were better in T2 treatment with 12,607 g / day and 5.04. In the apparent digestibility, there was no difference between treatments for the following nutrients: dry matter (P = 0.7145) with 73.650 g / day in the T1 being its highest value between treatments; Organic matter (P = 0.8032) for T1 with 71.023g / day; Neutral detergent fiber (P = 0.4125) for T1 with 49.100 g / day and acid detergent fiber (P = 0.3217) for T1 39,057 g / day. While for protein (P = 0.9625) the highest consumption is for T2 with 70,295 g / day.Item Efecto del consumo de dietas a base de fruta de pan (Artocarpus altilis) sobre la digestibilidad de los nutrientes en ovinos(2017) Ruilova Ruilova, Ruth Araceli; Barros Rodríguez, MarcosThe objective of the present research was to evaluate the effect of the consumption of diets based on breadfruit (Artacarpus altilis) on the digestibility of nutrients in sheep. For which 12 male sheep with an average age of 7 to 8 months and an average weight of 23.50 kg were used, a completely randomized design (DCA) was used, with three treatments and four replicates, in addition to an analysis of variance and Test of Tukey to 5%, with the statistical package SAS 2000. The treatments were T1: 100% of alfalfa. (Witness); T2: 80% alfalfa + 20% breadfruit; T3: 60% alfalfa + 40% breadfruit. The variables evaluated were: Voluntary intake of nutrients (CVMS, CVMO, CVFDN and CVFNA), Apparent nutrient digestibility (DMS, DMO, DFDN, DFDA) Being the highest value T3 and T2 (1651.29 and 1594.21 respectively). The voluntary consumption of organic matter and neutral detergent fiber presented differences (P = 0.0002 and 0.0001) between treatments, with the highest consumption T3 (1558.82; 871.88) and T2 (1496.96; 835.37) respectively. While for the voluntary consumption of acid detergent fiber shows differences (P = 0.0001) being its greater consumption T1 and T2 (583.01 and 582.26) respectively. Regarding the apparent digestibility of dry matter and neutral detergent fiber, differences (P = 0.0001) were observed between treatments, with the highest T3 digestibility (48.23 and 43.34), respectively. The digestibility of acid detergent fiber did not show a difference between treatments (P = 0.2208), based on the above results, and the differences between the treatments (P = 0.0001) and the highest digestibility T3 and T2 (55.58 and 53.91 respectively) It can be concluded that the incorporation of breadfruit in sheep diets can improve the digestibility of nutrients, possibly due to the non-structural carbohydrate content present in T3, which can improve the ruminal environment.