Ciencias Agropecuarias
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Item Influencia de enzimas exógenas O Saccharomyces cervisiae en dietas fibrosas sobre la fermentación ruminal y producción de gas in vitro en ovinos(2018) Razo Barrera, Jessica Yesenia; Barros Rodríguez, Marcos A.The purpose of this investigation was to evaluate the effect of the exogenous enzymes or Saccharomyces cerevisiae in fibrous forages over ruminal fermentation in ovines. The experiment was carry out in the Faculty of Agricultural Sciences of the UTA. Two experiments were carried out, 1) 4 mixed-breed male animals with an average live weight of 30kg housed in metabolic cages and 2) 4 mixed-breed male ovines provided with a fistula with a cannula in the rumen (2 inches of internal diameter and 5 inches of external diameter). The animals were distribute randomly in a 4x4 Latin square design. The ovines were fed an integral diet based on barley stubble. Four treatments were evaluated; T1: control diet (without enzymes or yeasts), T2: diet with enzymes (2 mg / kg), T3: diet with yeasts (1.5 mg / kg) and T4: diet with enzymes and yeasts (2 mg / kg enzymes + 1.5 mg / kg yeast). Voluntary intake, pH, ammoniacal nitrogen production, VFAs, kinetics of ruminal degradation in situ and in vitro, gas production were determined. Voluntary nutrient intake showed no differences between treatments (P> 0.05). Voluntary consumption of digestible nutrients was higher for T1, T2 and T4. Digestibility was higher for T1, T2 and T4 in MS and MO, while for NDF and FDA it did not show differences between treatments P = (0.1035 and 0.2029). The in situ ruminal degradation of the MS was greater for T2, T3 and T4. Regarding in vitro gas and methane production, the lowest production observed was in T1, T2 and T4. Finally, the pH remained at an average of 7.3 - 7.6, which is favorable for enzymes and optimal for ruminal microorganisms; the ammonia nitrogen increased in the T2 and the production of VFAs did not show differences between treatments (P> 0.05). Under the conditions of this study it was concluded that the addition of exogenous enzymes to the diet favored food consumption, fiber digestibility, degradation and pH, thus creating an optimal environment for the development of ruminal microorganisms and therefore a better synthesis of the protein; resulting in a decrease in gas production at the rumen level.Item Cinética de degradación ruminal y producción de gas in vitro del rastrojo de Amaranthus cruentus en bovinos(2016) Oña Rodríguez, José Daniel; Rodríguez Barros, Marcos AntonioThe aim of this research was to evaluate the ruminal degradation kinetics of dry matter, apparent digestibility of dry matter, in vitro rumen protozoa and in vitro gas production in cattle. A bull provided with a cannula in the rumen (ruminal degradation and rumen fluid donation) was used. It was evaluated; ruminal degradation of dry matter, in vitro digestibility of dry matter, in vitro gas production and population in vitro rumen protozoa. Treatments: T1: 100% amaranth stubble, T2: kikuyo 100%, T3: stubble amaranth 25% + Kikuyo 75%, T4: amaranth stubble 50% + Kikuyo 50%. Digestibility and in vitro gas production was higher and lower respectively, only treatments with amaranth (T1), only kikuyu (T2) and in proportions of 50:50 of kikuyo and amaranth (T4). The population of rumen protozoa in vitro from hour 0 to 12 showed no differences (P> 0.05) between treatments in both stocks Entodiniomorfos and Holotrichs. From of hour 24 to 48 the holotrichs protozoa showed the differences between treatments (P <0.05). The soluble fraction (A) shows differences (P <0.05) between treatments. The insoluble but potentially degradable fraction shows differences (P <0.05) between treatments and T1 showed higher (0.054% / h: P <0.05) percentage degradation rate per hour (c) that other treatments. It is concluded that the use of diets with unconventional foods such as Amaranthus cruentus helps reduce the amount of protozoa and thus the production of greenhouse gases.Item Cinética de degradación ruminal in situ y producción de gas in vitro de residuos de poscosecha Theobroma cacao L. ensilado(2016) Mayorga Paredes, Sixto Edmundo; Barros Rodríguez, Marcos AntonioThe aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of husk cocoa silage (CMC) on the kinetics of degradation of dry matter (DMS), apparent dry matter digestibility (IVDMD), protozoa population of rumen (PPR) and in vitro gas production (PGIV). Eight sheep cannulated about 1 year of age and 25 kg live weight distributed in a completely randomized design, received 3 treatments and 8 repetitions were used. The treatments were the CMC under 3 periods silage T1: 0, T2 40 and T3: 70 days. The DMS was higher (P <0.05) for T1, both the soluble fraction (A) and insoluble fraction (B) was 404.2 and 403, 8 g / kg DM respectively. The IVDMD was May (605.47 g/kg MS: P= 0.0001) in T1 compared to the other treatments. Regarding the PGV the lower (P = 0.0001) gas production was observed in the T2: 23,22 and T3: 25,85 ml/0.5 g fermentable dry matter, with respect to T1. The PPR, the species Entodiniomorfos decreases in T1 to 24 hours of incubation, being different (P <0.05) than the other treatments. It is concluded that the use of the byproducts of postharvest husk cocoa without silage could be included in ruminant diets because their nutritional properties that can improve rumen function.Item Efecto de la ingestión de Chenopodium quinoa sobre el rendimiento productivo en ovinos y producción de gas in vitro(2016) Cadena Yanchapaxi, Diego Rolando; Barros Rodríguez, Marcos AntonioThe aim of this research was to evaluate the effect of the ingestion of Chenopodium quinoa on the production performance in sheep and gas production in vitro. Eighteen sheep were used with an average weight of 21.34±2.03 kg. it is evaluated: 100% Kikuyo, kikuyo 80% + stover quinoa 20%, kikuyo60% + stover quinoa 40%. It was determined: voluntary intake, weight gain, feed conversion, in situ rumen degradability and digestibility MS and in vitro gas production. The results show differences in weight gain (P = 0.0001), showing higher gain the T2 (93.83g). The voluntary intake per Kg PV0.75 showed no significant difference (P= 0.1385) between treatments. Feed conversion was lower (P = 0.0178) in the T2 versus T1 (7: 1 to 9: 1 respectively). The apparent digestibility of DM did not differ (P = 0.2689) between treatments. The in vitro gas production (ml / 0.5 g fermentable MS) was 39 ml lower (P = 0.0215) in T2 with respect to T1. The ruminal degradation of DM for the soluble fraction A shows differences (P <0.05) between treatments, the largest percentage for T2, the fraction B showed differences for T1. It can be concluded that the stubble of quinoa can be included in the diet of sheep up to 20% improved productivity of the sheep.