Ingeniería en Sistemas, Electrónica e Industrial

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Author: search.filters.author.Espín Guerrero, Ricardo David

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    Optimización de Los procesos operativos mediante la teoría de restricciones en empresas metalmecánicas
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería en Sistemas, Electrónica e Industrial. Maestría en Producción y Operaciones Industriales, 2021) Espín Guerrero, Ricardo David; Ortiz Sailema, Christian Ismael
    The research is about the operational processes optimization using the theory of constraints in the metal-mechanical Maquinarias Espín. Initially, delays and bottlenecks were detected in the production of wood processing machines, these aspects forced the extension of the working day. The production of the seven machines with the highest demand was considered, taking into account the information of the average monthly quantity required according to the orders of the last two years. A time study was carried out and the available resources were evaluated to quantify the use of the workstations. Two constraints were identified in hand saw cutting and turning as part of the application of the theory of constraints, with utilization ercentages of 111.82% and 105.11%, which implied an inability to meet the average monthly demand. From exploiting the constraints based on the application of the PLE to maximize the return and once everything was subordinated to them, the maximum possible monthly return was determined to be $78470, with a maximum net profit of $68362.68. However, the maximized production volume did not meet the average monthly demand, with a shortfall of 5% of circular saws and 75% of band saws. A CNC plasma cutting machine was added as well as the distribution of workers at the workstations was rearranged. It was determined that there were no longer any constraints once the actions were implemented, but the PLE was again applied to optimize production based on the available resources. These actions allowed obtaining a maximum yield of $ 87768.74, with an optimal monthly gross profit of $ 77188.10, an increase of 12.91% of the gross profit from the sale of the machines, having covered the production capacity required by the demand.
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    Sistema de gestión ambiental basado en la norma ISO 14001-2015 para la empresa Maquinarias Espín
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería en Sistemas, Electrónica e Industrial. Carrera Ingeniería Industrial en Procesos de Automatización, 2018-04) Espín Guerrero, Ricardo David; Mariño Rivera, Christian José
    El Trabajo de Titulación denominado “Sistema de gestión ambiental basado en la norma ISO 14001-2015 para la empresa Maquinarias Espín” se desarrolla con el objeto de estandarizar la gestión de los riesgos medio ambientales existentes en la empresa, que son resultado de las actividades de fabricación de maquinaria para el sector maderero y aserraderos. Inicialmente se realiza una evaluación de los riesgos con base en la metodología establecida en la norma GTC 104 “Gestión del riesgo ambiental. Principios y proceso”, con lo cual se determina que existían actividades que producen un nivel alto o extremo de riesgo de impacto al medio ambiente, entre ellas la soldadura, el forjado y el corte con plasma, los cuales afectan especialmente al aire y a la calidad de vida de los trabajadores. Adicionalmente se aplica un checklist basado en la norma ISO 14001-2015 “Sistemas de gestión ambiental. Requisitos con orientación para su uso”, que sirve para valorar la gestión ambiental de la empresa, con respecto a los ámbitos establecidos por la norma, el resultado determina un cumplimiento del 20% de los requisitos. Por esta razón, se diseña un Manual del Sistema de Gestión Ambiental, aplicable de forma íntegra, a través de los 10 ámbitos de la norma, como son: objeto y campo de aplicación, referencias normativas, términos y definiciones, contexto de la organización, liderazgo, planificación, apoyo, operación, evaluación del desempeño y mejora. Para verificar el cumplimiento de la norma se formula documentos y registros, de carácter obligatorio o voluntario, que sirven como evidencia de la gestión. Además se establece que la responsabilidad principal sea asignada al gerente general de Maquinarias Espín, quien cuenta con la colaboración del jefe de producción como Auditor interno de la gestión. Paralelamente al cumplimiento de los requisitos de la norma ISO 14001-2015, se considera las disposiciones legales vigentes en el Ecuador y en la Provincia de Tungurahua, de forma que la empresa cumpla con la responsabilidad de protección ambiental, como se encuentra establecido en su política ambiental. ABSTRACT This Work called "Environmental management system based on the ISO 14001-2015 standard for “Maquinarias Espín" enterprise was developed with the purpose of standardizing the management of the environmental risks existing in the enterprise, which are the result of the machinery manufacturing activities for the wood industry and sawmills. Firstly, a risk assessment was carried out based on the methodology established in the GTC 104 standard "Environmental risk management. Principles and process”, it determined that there were activities that produce a high or extreme level of risk of impact on the environment, including welding, forging, and plasma cutting, which especially affect the workers’ air and quality of life. Additionally, a checklist was applied based on the ISO 14001-2015 standard "Environmental management systems. Requirements with guidance for its use", which served to assess the enterprise environmental management, regarding the areas established by the standard, the result determined an accomplishment of 20% of the requirements. For this reason, a Manual for the Environmental Management System was designed, applicable integrally, through ten standard areas, such as: object and application field, normative references, terms and definitions, organization context, leadership, planning, support, operation, performance evaluation, and improvement. To verify the fulfillment of each of the standard aspects, documents and records were formulated, of a mandatory or voluntary nature, which serve as evidence of management. It was also established that the main responsibility of the Environmental Management System is assigned to the general manager of “Maquinarias Espín”, who will have the collaboration of the production manager, who will perform the function of an internal management auditor. Finally, it is necessary to highlight the fulfillment of the ISO 14001-2015 standard requirements, the legal disposals in force in Ecuador and Ambato regarding environmental management were considered, so that the enterprise fulfills integrally with the environmental protection responsibility, as established in its environmental policy.