Ingeniería en Sistemas, Electrónica e Industrial
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Item Medidas preventivas frente a riesgos químicos en la Curtiduría Hidalgo(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería en Sistemas, Electrónica e Industrial. Carrera de Ingeniería Industrial, 2025-02) Lascano Brito Erick Andrés; Urrutia Urrutia FernandoThe main objective of this research project was to develop preventive measures against chemical risks present in the production processes of the Hidalgo Tannery through estimation, seeking to protect the health of workers, reduce exposure to hazardous substances and ensure compliance with national and international regulations on occupational health and safety. A quali-quantitative methodology was used, which included the identification of chemical risks by applying a checklist in which the actual working conditions were recorded, the use of safety data sheets (SDS) of the chemical products, for the estimation of the level of chemical risk by inhalation, the UNE-EN 689:2019+AC and NTP 937 regulations were applied to categorize the risk levels. The results obtained showed that substances such as ammonia (Pinh=350), sodium metabisulfite (Pinh=700), relugan gt-24 (Pinh=350), mercury bichloride (Pinh=700) and lime (Pinh=700), 25% of the chemical compounds analyzed presented a moderate risk level, indicating that workers are exposed to chemical risk by inhalation in the areas where these chemicals are used. Finally, we concluded with the preparation of technical guidelines for the substitution of hazardous chemicals and the implementation of localized extraction systems, as well as the selection of appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE) and complementary activities such as procedures for the use and maintenance of PPE, the safe storage of chemicals according to their compatibility and first aid measures in case of accidents.Item Evaluación de la concentración de material particulado en el área de producción de la empresa Cauchosierra S.A.(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería en Sistemas, Electrónica e Industrial. Carrera de Ingeniería Industrial, 2025-02) Manotoa Mejia Paola Lisbeth; Jordán Hidalgo Edisson PatricioThe study on particulate matter evaluation in the production area of CAUCHOSIERRA S.A. included an analysis of all activities involved in the tire retreading process. All operators are exposed to chemical risks, including respiratory agents that severely impact health. The methodology adopted for the evaluation of particulate matter in the production area follows the guidelines of the Technical Guide for the Evaluation and Prevention of Risks Related to Chemical Agents in the Workplace. It is based on the method recommended by UNE-EN 689 and the qualitative assessment by INSHT. This approach encompasses the stages of identification, measurement, evaluation, and the proposal of control measures. Significant concentrations of PM 1.0, PM 2.5, and PM 10 particles were identified during the process, frequently exceeding the daily exposure limit values (VLA-ED), especially for respirable particles and compounds such as carbon black. These results were compared with the exposure limits established by the ACGIH and the MAK list, highlighting a potentially hazardous exposure for workers. To validate the tests, Pearson's coefficient was applied, as recommended by ISO 17025:2017. The Guide to the Expression of Uncertainty in Measurement (GUM) was used to calculate the uncertainties associated with the measurements, ensuring a precise and reliable assessment of the data obtained. Finally, control measures were proposed through the development of various protocols, including specific activities to mitigate particulate matter exposure in the production area.Item Riesgo químico en el proceso de pintura de la empresa Carrocería Mega Santa Cruz(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería en Sistemas, Electrónica e Industrial. Carrera de Ingeniería Industrial, 2024-02) Freire Sánchez, Diego Elías; Morales Perrazo, Luis AlbertoDuring the auto painting process, the problem of chemical exposure arises due to the volatile organic compounds (VOCs) released during the manipulation and use of hazardous substances in various stages. In these circumstances, workers may develop illnesses from these exposures. One of the research objectives was to evaluate the chemical risks associated with the painting process at the company CARROCERÍA MEGA SANTA CRUZ. The research was conducted with a quantitative focus, quantifying the level of chemical risks to which workers are exposed due to the presence of VOCs and particulate matter in the painting area. The following standards were used for the identification, estimation, and measurement of chemical risks: UNE-EN 689: 2019+AC, 0500 and 0600 of NIOSH, 8260 from EPA, NTP 937, and NTP 20. For measurement, a personal sampling pump and a vacuum pump for aqueous mediums were used. The main results of the chemical risk evaluation in the area show the presence of VOCs, including: benzene (0.173 mg/m³, below the VLA-ED of 0.2 mg/m³), toluene (199.2 mg/m³, above the VLA-ED of 192 mg/m³), ethylbenzene (47 mg/m³, below the VLA-ED of 435 mg/m³), and xylene (169 mg/m³, below the VLA-ED of 221 mg/m³). Additionally, the levels of particulate matter were PM10 at 24.9 mg/m³ and PM2.5 at 12.9 mg/m³, exceeding the VLA-ED of 10 mg/m³ and 3 mg/m³, respectively, additionally, a paint booth was proposed, from which 144300 m3/h are extracted from the painting area. Consequently, it was concluded that workers are exposed to chemical risks, particularly from toluene and particulate matter (PM10 and PM2.5). Despite the current protocols implemented by the companies, they have not been able to improve the conditions of inadequate exposure, which could negatively affect the health of future workers during the auto painting process.Item Evaluación de la concentración de material particulado en el área de ensacado de harina en la empresa Industrias Catedral S.A.(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería en Sistemas, Electrónica e Industrial. Carrera de Ingeniería Industrial en Procesos de Automatización, 2023-02) Moyolema Eugenio, Guillermo Fabricio; Morales Perrazo, Luis AlbertoIn the wheat flour bagging processes, operators are exposed to an inhalation risk of PM10 particulate material, which can cause respiratory conditions, for this reason the objective of this research is to develop the evaluation of the concentration of particulate material in the area. flour bagging in the company "INDUSTRIAL CATEDRAL S.A" The study methodology is based on the UNE-EN 689:2019 standard executed in three phases; The first phase corresponded to an initial study, in which a simplified risk assessment by inhalation was carried out using the method of the Institut National de Recherche et de Sécurité (INRS) of France. In the second phase, a basic study was carried out, by direct measurement, in which a Microdust brand portable sampler from Casella Cell was used. In the third phase, a detailed evaluation was carried out using the gravimetric method detailed in the NIOSH 0600 standard with the Accura 3 Plus model Criffer brand sampling pump. The results of the initial study determined that there is a high risk for inhalation of PM10 particulate material derived from flour dust in the area of the activities of five workers. The measurements obtained with the basic evaluation determined that there is a constant concentration throughout the eight-hour workday that implies constant exposure to PM10 particulate matter. Finally, the detailed evaluation determined that the concentration values obtained were 25; 25; fifteen; 35; 30 and 20 mg/m^3, generating as a result a non-conformity when compared with the maximum value of 4mg/m^3 established by the Spanish Institute of Safety and Health at Work. As a result of the investigation, a control in the transmission medium was proposed, a localized air extraction system was proposed in the workplace, for isolation and dust collection, thus attenuating the diffusion and reducing the high levels of concentration. of particulate matter, control measures were also proposed in the person, through the provision of personal protective equipment, such as 3M half-face masks with a 2097 filter specific for particulate matter, protective glasses, earmuffs, and safety gloves.