Ingeniería en Sistemas, Electrónica e Industrial
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Item Medidas preventivas frente a riesgos químicos en la Curtiduría Hidalgo(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería en Sistemas, Electrónica e Industrial. Carrera de Ingeniería Industrial, 2025-02) Lascano Brito Erick Andrés; Urrutia Urrutia FernandoThe main objective of this research project was to develop preventive measures against chemical risks present in the production processes of the Hidalgo Tannery through estimation, seeking to protect the health of workers, reduce exposure to hazardous substances and ensure compliance with national and international regulations on occupational health and safety. A quali-quantitative methodology was used, which included the identification of chemical risks by applying a checklist in which the actual working conditions were recorded, the use of safety data sheets (SDS) of the chemical products, for the estimation of the level of chemical risk by inhalation, the UNE-EN 689:2019+AC and NTP 937 regulations were applied to categorize the risk levels. The results obtained showed that substances such as ammonia (Pinh=350), sodium metabisulfite (Pinh=700), relugan gt-24 (Pinh=350), mercury bichloride (Pinh=700) and lime (Pinh=700), 25% of the chemical compounds analyzed presented a moderate risk level, indicating that workers are exposed to chemical risk by inhalation in the areas where these chemicals are used. Finally, we concluded with the preparation of technical guidelines for the substitution of hazardous chemicals and the implementation of localized extraction systems, as well as the selection of appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE) and complementary activities such as procedures for the use and maintenance of PPE, the safe storage of chemicals according to their compatibility and first aid measures in case of accidents.Item Evaluación de la concentración de material particulado en el área de producción de la empresa Cauchosierra S.A.(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería en Sistemas, Electrónica e Industrial. Carrera de Ingeniería Industrial, 2025-02) Manotoa Mejia Paola Lisbeth; Jordán Hidalgo Edisson PatricioThe study on particulate matter evaluation in the production area of CAUCHOSIERRA S.A. included an analysis of all activities involved in the tire retreading process. All operators are exposed to chemical risks, including respiratory agents that severely impact health. The methodology adopted for the evaluation of particulate matter in the production area follows the guidelines of the Technical Guide for the Evaluation and Prevention of Risks Related to Chemical Agents in the Workplace. It is based on the method recommended by UNE-EN 689 and the qualitative assessment by INSHT. This approach encompasses the stages of identification, measurement, evaluation, and the proposal of control measures. Significant concentrations of PM 1.0, PM 2.5, and PM 10 particles were identified during the process, frequently exceeding the daily exposure limit values (VLA-ED), especially for respirable particles and compounds such as carbon black. These results were compared with the exposure limits established by the ACGIH and the MAK list, highlighting a potentially hazardous exposure for workers. To validate the tests, Pearson's coefficient was applied, as recommended by ISO 17025:2017. The Guide to the Expression of Uncertainty in Measurement (GUM) was used to calculate the uncertainties associated with the measurements, ensuring a precise and reliable assessment of the data obtained. Finally, control measures were proposed through the development of various protocols, including specific activities to mitigate particulate matter exposure in the production area.Item Riesgo químico en el proceso de pintura de la empresa Carrocería Mega Santa Cruz(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería en Sistemas, Electrónica e Industrial. Carrera de Ingeniería Industrial, 2024-02) Freire Sánchez, Diego Elías; Morales Perrazo, Luis AlbertoDuring the auto painting process, the problem of chemical exposure arises due to the volatile organic compounds (VOCs) released during the manipulation and use of hazardous substances in various stages. In these circumstances, workers may develop illnesses from these exposures. One of the research objectives was to evaluate the chemical risks associated with the painting process at the company CARROCERÍA MEGA SANTA CRUZ. The research was conducted with a quantitative focus, quantifying the level of chemical risks to which workers are exposed due to the presence of VOCs and particulate matter in the painting area. The following standards were used for the identification, estimation, and measurement of chemical risks: UNE-EN 689: 2019+AC, 0500 and 0600 of NIOSH, 8260 from EPA, NTP 937, and NTP 20. For measurement, a personal sampling pump and a vacuum pump for aqueous mediums were used. The main results of the chemical risk evaluation in the area show the presence of VOCs, including: benzene (0.173 mg/m³, below the VLA-ED of 0.2 mg/m³), toluene (199.2 mg/m³, above the VLA-ED of 192 mg/m³), ethylbenzene (47 mg/m³, below the VLA-ED of 435 mg/m³), and xylene (169 mg/m³, below the VLA-ED of 221 mg/m³). Additionally, the levels of particulate matter were PM10 at 24.9 mg/m³ and PM2.5 at 12.9 mg/m³, exceeding the VLA-ED of 10 mg/m³ and 3 mg/m³, respectively, additionally, a paint booth was proposed, from which 144300 m3/h are extracted from the painting area. Consequently, it was concluded that workers are exposed to chemical risks, particularly from toluene and particulate matter (PM10 and PM2.5). Despite the current protocols implemented by the companies, they have not been able to improve the conditions of inadequate exposure, which could negatively affect the health of future workers during the auto painting process.Item Evaluación de la concentración de material particulado en el área de ensacado de harina en la empresa Industrias Catedral S.A.(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería en Sistemas, Electrónica e Industrial. Carrera de Ingeniería Industrial en Procesos de Automatización, 2023-02) Moyolema Eugenio, Guillermo Fabricio; Morales Perrazo, Luis AlbertoIn the wheat flour bagging processes, operators are exposed to an inhalation risk of PM10 particulate material, which can cause respiratory conditions, for this reason the objective of this research is to develop the evaluation of the concentration of particulate material in the area. flour bagging in the company "INDUSTRIAL CATEDRAL S.A" The study methodology is based on the UNE-EN 689:2019 standard executed in three phases; The first phase corresponded to an initial study, in which a simplified risk assessment by inhalation was carried out using the method of the Institut National de Recherche et de Sécurité (INRS) of France. In the second phase, a basic study was carried out, by direct measurement, in which a Microdust brand portable sampler from Casella Cell was used. In the third phase, a detailed evaluation was carried out using the gravimetric method detailed in the NIOSH 0600 standard with the Accura 3 Plus model Criffer brand sampling pump. The results of the initial study determined that there is a high risk for inhalation of PM10 particulate material derived from flour dust in the area of the activities of five workers. The measurements obtained with the basic evaluation determined that there is a constant concentration throughout the eight-hour workday that implies constant exposure to PM10 particulate matter. Finally, the detailed evaluation determined that the concentration values obtained were 25; 25; fifteen; 35; 30 and 20 mg/m^3, generating as a result a non-conformity when compared with the maximum value of 4mg/m^3 established by the Spanish Institute of Safety and Health at Work. As a result of the investigation, a control in the transmission medium was proposed, a localized air extraction system was proposed in the workplace, for isolation and dust collection, thus attenuating the diffusion and reducing the high levels of concentration. of particulate matter, control measures were also proposed in the person, through the provision of personal protective equipment, such as 3M half-face masks with a 2097 filter specific for particulate matter, protective glasses, earmuffs, and safety gloves.Item Riesgos Químicos y su incidencia en la salud de los trabajadores del área de mezclas de la empresa Curtiduría Tungurahua S.A(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería en Sistemas, Electrónica e Industrial. Maestría en Seguridad e Higiene Industrial y Ambiental, 2019) Córdova Toscano, Marcela Alejandra; Rosero Mantilla, César AníbalEl presente trabajo tiene como finalidad la evaluación de los riesgos químicos y su influencia en la salud de los trabajadores del área de Mezclas de la Curtiduría Tungurahua S.A de la ciudad de Ambato; en esta empresa la implementación de una nueva línea de producción y el desarrollo de nuevos productos ha requerido el uso de químicos peligrosos que están en contacto con el personal operativo, lo cual en el histórico del índice de Morbilidad controlado por el Departamento Médico presenta una tendencia a la alta en enfermedades de tipo respiratorio, lo que conlleva que el personal atraviese frecuentemente situaciones que afecten y deterioren su salud. De acuerdo con la Guía Técnica para la evaluación y prevención de los riesgos propuesta por el Instituto Nacional de Seguridad e Higiene en el Trabajo INSHT el presente estudio es aplicado con el objetivo de evaluar y prevenir los riesgos presentes en los lugares de trabajo relacionados con agentes químicos, el cual consta del análisis del riesgo por manipulación basado en la evaluación simplificada del riesgo por contacto y/o absorción, la evaluación simplificada del riesgo por inhalación y la aplicación de las directrices dadas en la norma UNE-EN 689, que establece la estrategia para comparar la exposición laboral por inhalación de los agentes químicos en el lugar de trabajo con los valores límites permisibles, determinando de tal forma, el índice de exposición del trabajador al contaminante, para, en base a dichos resultados, establecer la necesidad de adoptar medidas que reduzcan la exposición y en consecuencia asegurar que la salud de los trabajadores no se vea afectada. Como propuesta de mejora se establece un estudio para la implementación de medidas en la fuente, mediante el rediseño del puesto de trabajo con la implementación de un método de extracción localizado, dicho método es simulado en base a técnicas de Dinámica de Fluidos Computacional.Item La exposición a material particulado y su repercusión en la salud de los trabajadores en el sector industrial carrocero(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería en Sistemas, Electrónica e Industrial. Maestría en Seguridad e Higiene Industrial y Ambiental, 2018) Asas Toapanta, Jairo Fabian; Sánchez Rosero, Carlos HumbertoEXECUTIVE SUMMARY This research work refers to the chemical risk and its impact on the health of the worker. The main objective is to identify, measure, evaluate and control the pollution levels of the workstations with greater exposure to particulate matter, in order to establish preventive measures to protect the health of workers, providing technical information to employers to generate safe work environments. The project shows a methodology for the application of qualitative and quantitative techniques and instruments, the main source of information is the identification of risks of workstations with greater exposure to particulate material that is carried out through the INSHT risk identification matrix , then the measurement process is carried out through the methodology established by the UNE-EN 689 standard Atmospheres in the workplace - Guidelines for the evaluation of exposure by inhalation of chemical agents, to evaluate the levels of concentration, pollutant and to determine the necessary control measures. The results of the chemical risk analysis show that the PM 2.5 particle concentration dose exceeds the VLA-ED® (3 mg / m3 - respirable fraction) for the body preparation work stations with 4.31, dry sanding with 4.64, parts and pieces with 6.37 and roof plates with 1.08, so they are categorized with high risk since their dose is greater than 1 in the four cases. Therefore, a preventive program is proposed to manage the particulate material by establishing control measures at the source, transmission medium and worker, through procedures, work instructions, in addition to improving working conditions and improving the measures of prevention and protection.Item Material particulado en el área de empaque de harina en industrias molineras y su relación con la afectación a la salud de los trabajadores(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería en Sistemas, Electrónica e Industrial. Maestría en Seguridad e Higiene Industrial y Ambiental, 2018) Yuquilema Vilema, Roberto Carlos; Jordán Hidalgo, Edisson PatricioEl presente estudio se efectúo en base a la presencia del riesgo químico en el área de empaque de harina de trigo en la industria molinera. El objetivo fue evaluar el nivel de material particulado y su incidencia en la salud de los trabajadores del área de empaque de la Industria Molinera. Una parte de la metodología que se utilizo fue cualitativa que incluyen lista de chequeo, cuestionario y una matriz de evaluación de riesgo laboral, también se usaron métodos cuantitativos como monitoreo del material particulado en el área de empaque y evaluaciones médicas al personal implicado. Los métodos permitieron evaluar la calidad del aire en el área de estudio y medir el nivel de exposición a la que se encuentran los trabajadores. Los resultados que se obtuvieron mostraron niveles inaceptables debido a la presencia de material particulado en las actividades del empaque de harina como son: empaque, cosido, empalletado y limpieza. En función a los resultados obtenidos se proponen medidas técnicas y administrativas como: el diseño de un sistema de aspiración y un plan de riesgos laborales. La medida técnica propuesta pretende ayudar en la reducción de las concentraciones del riesgo químico y el desarrollo de procedimientos que ayudan a la prevención de posibles afectaciones. Se estima que estas medidas minimicen la exposición del trabajador al material particulado y precisos que se enfoquen en el bienestar de los trabajadores como también en la productividad de la empresaItem Material particulado y la afección a las vías respiratorias de los trabajadores del área de molino de la empresa Ecuacauchos(2017) Aldaz Berrones, Geovanny Patricio; Chávez Orozco, César AugustoEl presente trabajo de investigación está enfocado en el estudio del riesgo químico, evaluando el nivel de material particulado y la incidencia en la salud de los trabajadores, en el área de molino de la empresa ECUACAUCHOS, cuyo resultado evidencia la importancia y necesidad de implementar acciones correctivas y preventivas, de carácter técnico y administrativo, para cuidar la salud de los trabajadores e identificar dentro de los procesos productivos los puestos de trabajo con mayor exposición a material particulado. Se desarrollan metodologías cualitativas y cuantitativas, mediante el uso de encuesta y entrevista para medir la percepción del trabajador al riesgo al que se halla expuesto, y mediciones de la cantidad de material particulado PM 10 y PM 2,5; análisis médicos (espirometrías), para medir las repercusiones del material particulado en la salud del personal expuesto. Las mediciones de material particulado PM 10 y PM 2,5, con equipos calibrados y certificados, permiten analizar y evaluar los niveles de exposición cuyos resultados determinan las medidas de correctivas a implementarse. Los estudios médicos (espirometrías), permiten identificar la afección a la salud del trabajador expuesto directa e indirectamente al polvo químico resultado de la mezcla de caucho crudo con azufre y óxido de zinc en estado granulado. Culminando con el estudio, se implementan medidas correctivas técnicas y administrativas, implementando un sistema de extracción localizada, constituido por una cabina de extracción, ducto de transporte, equipo de succión y depósito recolector, diseñados a partir de las dimensiones de la máquina “Molino” y medidas administrativas elaborando el “Procedimiento de Prevención de Riesgos Laborales”, cuyo propósito es adoptar medidas para prevenir enfermedades de origen laboral y el “Instructivo de Manejo Seguro y Mantenimiento para el Área de Molino”, cuyo propósito es mantener en condiciones operables el sistema de extracción localizado, y los niveles de generación de polvo químico por debajo del límite permisible.Item Material particulado y su incidencia en alteraciones respiratorias en los trabajadores de la construcción en viviendas rurales TIPO MIDUVI(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería en Sistemas, Electrónica e Industrial. Dirección de Posgrado. Maestría en Seguridad e Higiene Industrial y Ambiental, 2017) Escudero Andino, Pablo David; Toro Toro, JaneEXECUTIVE SUMMARY The following investigation has been developed for the workers involved in the construction of MIDUVI type rural houses, focusing on particle sized material and breathing alterations. These two risks do not evidence short-term consequences; therefore, they do not represent an actual threat to worry about. This investigation aims to analyze the level of particle sized material and its influence on workers’ breathing alterations when conducting activities related to construction. The project is developed throughout qualitative and quantitative methodologies, being the identification of activities and the risks evaluation the principal sources of information. The research has quantified the factors which influence on breathing alterations and particle sized material. Consequently, on-site data has been gathered throughout observation obtained with the support of a risk matrix, surveys applied to workers about health affairs and particle sized measurements to analyze the gathered doses and determine risk levels presented by the workers in the housing construction to be able to evaluate the level of exposition and determine control actions. Finally, a prevention program about breathing alterations is proposed. This program enables to control risk factors on the source, the environment, and the person. When having an adequate capacitation plan, health vigilance will allow controlling security inspections, occupational health and a diseases protocol throughout medical control to make decisions. The use of personal protection equipment, located in different areas of concrete, masonry, plaster, installations and ceramic in the construction of MIDUVI type rural houses allows minimizing the breathing alterations on workers.Item Material particulado y su incidencia en la salud de los trabajadores en la Empresa de Calzado CM Original(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería en Sistemas, Electrónica e Industrial. Dirección de Posgrado. Maestría en Seguridad e Higiene Industrial y Ambiental, 2017) Sánchez Rosero, Carlos Humberto; Córdova Suárez, Manolo AlexanderABSTRACT This investigation focused on the study of chemical hazards, with this project it is to guide the decision making the employer of preventive measures that are possible to carry out in short time post for the health of workers and identify production processes with greater exposure to particulate matter. The main objective is evaluate the level of particulate matter and the impact on health of workers, creating safe work environments. The project was developed according to qualitative and quantitative methodologies, the main source of primary information was identifying workers positions and evaluate of occupational risks, as well as interviews with workers in health. Also measurements of particulate matter were conducted to analyze and evaluate exposure levels and based on this study to determine control measures, such measurements were validated with calibration certificates. Finally taking into account the results poses a prevention program that allows us to control risk factors intolerable chemicals, prioritizing the source of danger in the transmission medium and finally in person.