Centro de Posgrado
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Item Deterioro cognitivo en el adulto mayor y su relación con la funcionalidad familiar(Universidad Técnica de Ambato/Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud/Centro de Posgrados, 2022-03-01) Bustamante Yánez, Diego Fernando Md.; Patricio, Rodrigo Maldonado Dr. Esp.Introduction: Aging produces physiological changes that produce symptoms, which are organized into geriatric syndromes, one of the main ones is cognitive impairment, which can produce functional limitations, making older adults dependent on caregivers and generally This responsibility falls on the family group, leading to problems that alter family functionality. Objective: To determine cognitive impairment in the elderly and its relationship with family functionality. Methodology: An investigation was carried out with a quantitative and qualitative approach, with a cross-sectional. epidemiological design. 65 years or more who belong to the Pataín neighborhood of the Panzaleo Parish. The sample was determined, by nonprobabilistic convenience sampling, as it was a small population, in this sense, the sample was 141 participants older than 65 years of age or older who meet the inclusion and exclusion criteria, at Two instruments were applied, the first for the assessment of cognitive impairment Photo test and the perception test of family functioning (FF-SIL), for the assessment of family functionality. Results: It was determined that cognitive impairment in older adults is 30%, dementia in 2%, dysfunctional families and severely dysfunctional families in 36% and 11% respectively, in addition there is a statistically significant association with a p <0.005 between cognitive impairment and alterations in family functionality, on the other hand, it was found that there are demographic factors such as educational level and age that are associated with cognitive impairment. Conclusion: Cognitive alterations in the elderly are underdiagnosed, which determine problems of family functionality. Timely diagnosis as well as proper management, where health personnel participate in the whole with the family, are valid strategies to maintain an older adult and a functional familyItem Programa de entrenamiento muscular inspiratorio en el club de adultos mayores del cantón Patate(Universdidad Técnica de Ambato/Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud/Centro de posgrados, 2022-02-01) Robayo Jácome, Alejandra Estefanía; Robalino Morales, Gabriela Estefanía Lcda Magister,Pulmonary rehabilitation is a widely used protocol in different population groups, also including older adults. With these people, aging creates generalized muscle deficit, as well as respiratory muscle involvement. Thus, inspiratory muscle training is the treatment of choice for a significant improvement in inspiratory muscle strength and endurance, exercise tolerance, functionality and independence in activities of daily living, and better psychosocial development. The aim of this research has been to design a training program based on the scientific evidence which supports its validity and that turns it into applicable for clinical practice, promoting a high degree of reliability under a prior review by experts. The early establishment of this type of treatment model in older adults may prevent adverse results associated with the loss of respiratory muscle mass which trigger future hospitalizations in future years, thus protecting the integrity of their health.Item Entrenamiento cognitivo de la memoria de trabajo en adultos mayores para un envejecimiento saludable(Universidad Técnica de Ambato/ Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud /Centro de posgrados, 2021-12-07) Valencia Medina, Paola Silvana Ps. Cl.; Gavilanes Manzano, Fanny Rocío Ps. Cl. Mg.Ageing is commonly associated with cognitive impairment and the loss of other abilities, especially regarding to work memory, that is a function that allows receiving a quantity of information, support it in the short term and operate with it until a preestablished objective is reached. This function becomes slower in an elderly age; as a result, it is necessary to investigate preventive interventions to promote positive ageing, in order to achieve a reduction in the prevalence of chronic diseases such as Alzheimer, senile dementia and others, which have a considerable impact on the context near elderlies. The objective of the project was to determine the effectiveness of cognitive training. This was focused on the guided practice of standardized tasks and especially designed to improve certain cognitive functions, in this particular case, working memory, which contributes to the behavior, daily functioning and state of mind. The study responds to a qualitative-quantitative, quasi-experimental design with pre-test and post-test measurement using the subtest "Working Memory" by NEUROPSI: Attention and Memory to a single group of 20 elderly people who also received an intervention through cognitive stimulation activities that are present in the book “Cuaderno de Ejercicios de Estimulación Cognitiva para reforzar la Memoria” (by Ansón, et al., 2015) where a significant difference was identified for the subtest "Digit retention regression" (Retención de dígitos en regresión) comparing the pretest and the postest, whereas for "Cubic regression" there was not such difference. Thus, cognitive training denotes efficacy in improving and/or maintaining working memory function in elderlies.Item Plan de ejercicios de equilibrio y coordinación para evitar caídas en el adulto mayor(Universdidad Técnica de Ambato/Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud/Centro de posgrados, 2021-07-01) Ortiz Reyes, Gabriela Maribel Lcda, Ft.; Velasco, Luis Córdova Dr. Esp. Mg.Considering that over the years, the elderly present various health states, where falls is one of the most common causes of morbidity and mortality caused by loss of balance and decreased mobility, causing development in the elderly from disabling diseases and even death; In addition, it represents high social health expenses; that can be avoided and reduced by means of an adequate intervention, it was proposed to analyze the effects of a balance and coordination exercise plan on the frequency of falls in the elderly, and the level of dependence they present. Therefore, a quasi-experimental study was carried out in 23 Ecuadorian older adults between 65 and 85 years of age; under a longitudinal design with two measurements before and after the intervention; A systematic review was carried out in databases such as PubMed, PEDro, Scielo, Medline, Medigraphic, and Science Direct, where 50 articles were obtained from keywords and from these 20 eligible scientific articles that supported the exercise plan, to determine The effectiveness of the exercise plan was evaluated for the risk of falls with the Tinetti scale and the Times Up and Go test (TUG); while the level of dependency was evaluated with the Barthel index. The data obtained were tabulated and statistically analyzed for the verification of the hypothesis through the statistical program SPSS V22 from IBM, finding significant differences before and after the intervention in the Tinetti scale (0.001) and in the Barthel index (0.046). ; while in the TUG test there were no significant differences. Being able to conclude that coordination and balance exercises are effective in preventing the risk of falls in this group of older adultsItem Corrección postural en la reeducación biomecánica del adulto mayor para disminuir riesgo de caída(Universdidad Técnica de Ambato/Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud/Centro de posgrados, 2021-07-01) Ocaña Guerrero Lcda. Ft., Mariela Carolina; Zavala Calahorrano, Alicia MarifernandaDra. PhD.This project develops the theme: "Postural correction in the biomechanical reeducation of the elderly to reduce the risk of falls", the objective was: to analyze the importance of postural correction in the biomechanical reeducation in older adults of the Association "Juanitas de Oro ”Of the Atahualpa parish of the city of Ambato July - December 2020. The methodological design had a quantitative approach, it allowed obtaining data, a meticulous and extensive bibliographic review was carried out digitally and physically, with emphasis on alterations such as Scoliosis and muscular weakness in lower limbs. The type of study was quasi - experimental, the Adams test and the Tinetti and Daniels scales were applied in the evaluation at the beginning and at the end of the intervention. The intervention was carried out with home visits, due to the COVID 19 pandemic. The population consisted of 21 older adults aged 65 to 85 years. Faced with the COVID 19 pandemic, the Physiotherapeutic intervention was carried out with home visits. For the intervention, the exercises were applied progressively until reaching the maximum potential of each older adult according to their physical capacity. The results reveal that the muscle strength in the lower right limb before the intervention is good in 47.3%, that is, in 10 people. Muscle strength in the lower right limb after the intervention is normal in 57.1%, that is, in 12 people. It is concluded that the application of the Adams, Daniels and Tinetti tests evaluated gait, balance and demonstrated the need for an intervention to correct the problem. The xiv effectiveness of the intervention was established with the Daniels test, muscle strength in the lower right limb after the intervention is normal in 57.1%, that is, in 12 peopleItem Efectividad de los Ejercicios de Frenkel en Adultos Mayores para Mejorar el Equilibrio(Universdidad Técnica de Ambato/Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud/Centro de posgrados, 2021-07-01) Montero Guizado, Jazmín Micaela Lcda.; Cedeño Zamora, María Narciza Lcda. Mg.In the present research work, a quantitative approach of a prospective type of quasiexperimental intervention was accomplished; in a population of 30 older adults from 65 years old to 75 years old belonging to the Golden Years Club of the Geriatric Hospital Doctor Bolívar Arguello P. of Riobamba city in which there were evaluations before and after the intervention; where a series of Frenkel exercises was developed. The statistical information and data collected were analyzed in IBM's SPSS-V21 statistical program, a small survey was used to identify the sociodemographic variables (age, sex and occupation) and then the state of balance of each participant was evaluated by means of the Tinetti test consisting of two scales (balance and progress); the same one that gives us as a result whether or not there is a risk of falling; evidencing notably alterations in balance and progress, based on these problems a treatment plan was structured through a series of Frenkel exercises in supine decubitus, sitting and standing that were applied to the participants of this study, after the assessment it was evaluated again to know if the current state of equilibrium improved in this population. When applying the Frenkel exercises it was evidenced that it was great utility and through this series of exercises the balance could be improved in an important percentage, to verify the effectiveness of the technique the Wilcoxon Test was applied as it was numerical categorical variables which result was that the level of significance corresponds to 0 and this means that the null hypothesis is rejected, verifying that the series of Frenkel exercises that were carried out in this investigation were effective for each older adult who participated in it.Item Estimulación basal en las alteraciones de equilibrio y marcha en adultos mayores(Universdidad Técnica de Ambato/Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud/Centro de posgrados, 2021-07-01) Carrasco Cajo, Jesenia Elizabeth; Lata, María Augusta Lcda. Ft. Mg.This research is carried out with the objective of finding what the effects of basal stimulation are in older adults in gait and balance problems. It is quasi-experimental, the population was 26 older adults, the average age was 75 years among men and women. A somatic, visual and vestibular stimulation protocol was designed, this was applied three sessions per week with a duration of 20 minutes, for a total of 36 interventions. The initial and final evaluation was carried out with the Tinetti scale, the results generated show that basal stimulation is a helpful method for balance and gait problems and for the reduction of risk of falls in older adults.Item Influencia del cuidado familiar en la capacidad funcional de adultos mayores de la parroquia Picaihua.(Universdidad Técnica de Ambato/Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud/Centro de posgrados, 2021-04-01) Toro Portero, Sofía Elizabeth, Md.; Mayorga Ortiz, William Rubén Dr. EspAt present, a significant increase in the population of the elderly is estimated and according to the United Nations it is estimated that by 2025 worldwide it is in an accelerated process of aging that can reach 11 billion older adults, and at the level In Latin America, this value will quadruple, creating the appropriate importance at the level of primary health care because new challenges will be raised that help maintain functional capacity, this is measured by quality of life because aging is considered as a natural that occurs in life in an accelerated way (1). To analyze this problem it is necessary to mention that there are figures that illustrate the demographic behavior of population aging. According to the United Nations, the calculation is obtained that in 1950 there were around 200 million people 60 years of age or older worldwide. In 1975, this number had increased to 350 million people. It has been shown that, in those over 65 years of age, in 85% of these cases the family is caring, mostly their daughters, three out of four are older 45 years, and the vast majority are unemployed for devoting their time to the care of dependent elderly adults¸ focusing their lives on care obligations, relating their care to a moral duty, on other occasions the relationship with care with sacrifice and renounce Perform other activities. Being the economic part an impediment to be able to hire a person who takes care of the care (2). xv Ecuador also experiences this phenomenon, which is undoubtedly reflected in the Picaihua Parish where this research is carried out, whose general objective is to establish the relationship between the determinants that influence family care to maintain the daily functional capacity of a group of older adults belonging to the Picaihua Parish where it is proposed to carry out an investigation with a qualitative approach related to its design with grounded, observational, descriptive, and crosssectional theory. For this research project, 30 older adults with their respective caregivers were selected through a convenience sampling, from whom information was obtained by applying the Katz scale aimed at the older adult and a semi-structured interview with caregivers after signing an informed consent. This information was transcribed and analyzed according to the Theory based on the ATLAS.ti software. The study is characterized by presenting a connotation based on observable behavior and behavior in which the data obtained helps to determine the state of health of the patient receiving geriatric care in relation to the degree of functional capacity of the geriatric population. located in the rural area of Picaihua parish in the canton Ambato.Item Factores asociados para el aparecimiento de la osteoartrosis de mano en adultos mayores(Universdidad Técnica de Ambato/Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud/Centro de posgrados, 2021-04-01) Tisalema Tipán, Henri Darwin Md.; Borja Tapia, Patricia Elisabeth Dra.The objective of the present investigation is to know the factors associated with the manifestation of osteoarthritis of the hand in the elderly population of the Panzaleo Health Center, the study has a mixed investigation, that is, it has a qualitative and quantitative approach with a concurrent triangulation design and a documentary bibliographic and field research modality. The study sample is comprised of 117 older adults between 65 and 90 years of age, a COPCORD questionnaire was applied, the data were processed and tabulated in Microsoft Excel, on the other hand, for the hypothesis testing, the statistical software was considered. SPSS, Pearson's correlation coefficient was applied. Among the main results is that among the factors associated with the manifestation of the disease are comorbidities such as diabetes, obesity, aspects such as age, female gender (65.81%), work history such as working or having worked in activities where exercise is carried out (85.47 %) or repetition of activities (64.10%) and among the prevalence is that 100% of those evaluated suffer from osteoarthritis of the hand. It is concluded that there is a presence of associated factors such as obesity, diabetes, age because the range of manifestation ranges from 65 years onwards, there is a predominance of the female gender, also, work history was considered an important factor because the activities that they carry out at present and that they carried out previously influence the manifestation of the disease, also, there is a history of rheumatic diseases in the familyItem Influencia del cuidado familiar en la capacidad funcional de adultos mayores de la parroquia Picaihua(Universdidad Técnica de Ambato/Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud/Centro de posgrados, 2021-04-01) Sofía Elizabeth, Toro Portero Md.; Mayorga Ortiz, William Rubén Dr. Esp.At present, a significant increase in the population of the elderly is estimated and according to the United Nations it is estimated that by 2025 worldwide it is in an accelerated process of aging that can reach 11 billion older adults, and at the level In Latin America, this value will quadruple, creating the appropriate importance at the level of primary health care because new challenges will be raised that help maintain functional capacity, this is measured by quality of life because aging is considered as a natural that occurs in life in an accelerated way (1). To analyze this problem it is necessary to mention that there are figures that illustrate the demographic behavior of population aging. According to the United Nations, the calculation is obtained that in 1950 there were around 200 million people 60 years of age or older worldwide. In 1975, this number had increased to 350 million people. It has been shown that, in those over 65 years of age, in 85% of these cases the family is caring, mostly their daughters, three out of four are older 45 years, and the vast majority are unemployed for devoting their time to the care of dependent elderly adults¸ focusing their lives on care obligations, relating their care to a moral duty, on other occasions the relationship with care with sacrifice and renounce Perform other activities. Being the economic part an impediment to be able to hire a person who takes care of the care (2). Ecuador also experiences this phenomenon, which is undoubtedly reflected in the Picaihua Parish where this research is carried out, whose general objective is to xv establish the relationship between the determinants that influence family care to maintain the daily functional capacity of a group of older adults belonging to the Picaihua Parish where it is proposed to carry out an investigation with a qualitative approach related to its design with grounded, observational, descriptive, and crosssectional theory. For this research project, 30 older adults with their respective caregivers were selected through a convenience sampling, from whom information was obtained by applying the Katz scale aimed at the older adult and a semi-structured interview with caregivers after signing an informed consent. This information was transcribed and analyzed according to the Theory based on the ATLAS.ti software. The study is characterized by presenting a connotation based on observable behavior and behavior in which the data obtained helps to determine the state of health of the patient receiving geriatric care in relation to the degree of functional capacity of the geriatric population. located in the rural area of Picaihua parish in the canton Ambato.