Unidad de Posgrado Civil y Mecánica

Permanent URI for this communityhttp://repositorio.uta.edu.ec/handle/123456789/901

Browse

Filters

2022 - 20249

Settings

Start date: 2020Subject: search.filters.subject.ESTRUCTURA METÁLICA

Search Results

Now showing 1 - 9 of 9
  • No Thumbnail Available
    Item
    Diseño sismorresistente de un edificio de 4 plantas en estructura metálica con un subsuelo en hormigón armado ubicado en la ciudad de Quito
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica. Maestría en Ingeniería Civil con Mención en Estructuras Metálicas, 2024-09) Quintana Vásconez, Roberto Sebastián; Peña Jordán, Francisco Agustín
    The present thesis shows the structural design of a project located in a high seismic activity zone, with particular focus on seismic safety and compliance with applicable regulations such as AISC 341, AISC 360, AISC 358, NEC 2015, and ASCE 7-16. Based on previous geotechnical studies, a detailed analysis of soil conditions and expected loads was conducted to ensure a solid foundation for the structure. This analysis enabled the identification of the necessary seismic parameters to adapt the structural design to the specific characteristics of the terrain and ensure stability against seismic movements. During the project development, specialized software was used to perform structural modeling. Through these programs, seismic loads were precisely simulated, analyzing both the stresses and deformations that the structure could experience. This approach optimized the structural behavior, ensuring an adequate distribution of stresses and minimizing inter-story drifts and lateral displacements at each level. The results demonstrated robust structural performance under the seismic demands of the site, highlighting the implementation of cruciform steel columns. This structural solution maximized the building's efficiency, leveraging its high moment of inertia, which is essential for resisting lateral loads. Finally, the validation of the design parameters confirmed compliance with seismic design codes, ensuring that the building can withstand the expected seismic demands without compromising its safety or functionality. This comprehensive approach has allowed the development of an optimized structure that meets local requirements, providing a viable and safe solution for high seismic risk conditions.
  • No Thumbnail Available
    Item
    Estudio del comportamiento estructural de una edificación de 4 pisos de estructura metálica con aisladores sísmicos, en función de la dirección de la losa colaborante
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica. Maestría en Ingeniería Civil con Mención en Estructuras Metálicas, 2024-05) Jiménez Gavilánez, Alex Daniel; Peñafiel Valla, Lourdes Gabriela
    This research arises from the uncertainty of whether the variation of the collaborating slab influences the behavior of the structure when it has base seismic isolators, with the purpose of identifying which would be the best option when choosing the direction in which This structural element would be placed and provide a guide for subsequent analyses. For this reason, in this research, the modeling of a structure was carried out using structural simulation software, taking into consideration the seismic specifications of the Ecuadorian Construction Standard (NEC-2015), to begin this degree work, it was located a building in the city of Ambato to obtain the site factors, it also has regularity in plan and elevation, with a level of importance for essential buildings, this building has an area of 540 square meters and a height of 14 meters; Once the structure was stabilized with the collaborating slab in the direction of the abscissa, the direction itself was varied perpendicular to the first, that is, parallel to the ordinates, thus creating a second structure to study. For the structures already stabilized by gravity loads, the calculation of the seismic isolators that were located at their bases was carried out. In the case of this study, an elastomeric isolator with a lead core or LRB type was considered, whose Data were entered into the structural simulation software for processing and analysis. Data on floor drifts, vibration periods, and displacements caused by the action of the design spectrum obtained with the parameters of the NEC 2015 and the time-history (TH) analysis based on the seismic records of the earthquake were obtained from the simulated structures. occurred in the city of Pedernales in 2016, with these data it was possible to carry out a comparative analysis of the behavior of both proposed structures.
  • No Thumbnail Available
    Item
    Evaluación de la vulnerabilidad sísmica de edificaciones de estructuras metálicas de la parroquia La Península, Ambato, Ecuador: Propuesta de reforzamiento estructural de una edificación representativa
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica. Maestría en Ingeniería Civil con Mención en Estructuras Metálicas, 2024) Pérez Castro, Víctor Hugo; Chérrez Gavilanes, Diego Sebastián
    The parish of La Peninsula in the city of Ambato is located in an area of high seismic hazard in Ecuador. This parameter, together with the vulnerability of the buildings and the level of exposure, represents the level of risk that could occur in the face of these events. Seismic vulnerability is a magnitude that allows quantifying structural damage, failure modes and resistance capacity under the action of an earthquake, based on the characteristics of the building such as the type of structural system, irregularities in the floor plan, elevation, frequency of maintenance, application of regulations, construction codes and other parameters that are controllable, to provide an overview of the degree of vulnerability and seismic risk index of the buildings. The first step was to identify the buildings in which the main component was the metal structure, and from there, with the help of the forms proposed in the FEMA P-154, NEC 15 and FUNVISIS standards, it was finally possible to establish the degree of vulnerability of these buildings. For the interpretation of the results, the NEC 15 and AISC 360 criteria were used because the buildings found in the area were of traditional moment frames. A representative building in the area was selected to evaluate in detail the seismic vulnerability, in this case a linear static and spectral modal analysis was performed,
  • No Thumbnail Available
    Item
    Evaluación de vulnerabilidad sísmica de edificaciones metálicas, hormigón y/o mixtas en la parroquia San Bartolomé de Pinllo, Ambato, Ecuador: propuesta de reforzamiento estructural del edificio de San Bartolomé
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica. Maestría en Ingeniería Civil con Mención en Estructuras Metálicas, 2023-03) Zúñiga Zamora, Libio Vladimir; Núñez Aldas, Galo Wilfrido
    The current degree project includes two parts, the first one deals with the study of the seismic vulnerability of existing buildings by using three methodologies, two international and one national, which will be carried out using the qualitative method of rapid visual inspection of houses, using the forms by the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA P - 154) standard, the Building Indexes for Seismic Risk Management of the Venezuelan Foundation for Seismological Research (FUNVISIS) and the Practical Guide for Seismic Evaluation and Rehabilitation of Structures, of the Ecuadorian Construction Standard (NEC 2015), each methodology will assign values and vulnerability indexes, and seismic prioritization to all buildings evaluated. The project will be carried out in a sample of buildings in the parish of San Bartolomé de Pinllo in the canton of Ambato, province of Tungurahua, to obtain vulnerability levels of the sector and assess the damage that may occur in buildings in an earthquake, hence the importance of proposing the research of modern systems of structural reinforcement. The buildings of the parish have vulnerabilities that are between medium-low and medium-high, which demonstrates the importance of applying these methods of rapid evaluation so that local governments can propose mitigation plans for seismic disasters. The second part of the research proposes the study of the steel building of the Decentralized Autonomous Government of San Bartolomé de Pinllo, with a special occupancy category, which is required to determine its structural behavior with the increase of two additional floors to the building, through static, linear dynamic and nonlinear analysis, respectively. To do so, three structural models of the 6-story building were applied. In the first one, linear static and dynamic analysis was developed, in which the effects of the loads and the equilibrium of the internal forces of the structure were determined, to obtain displacements and floor drifts according to the Ecuadorian Construction Standard (NEC 15); In the second model, it was possible to determine the behavior of the structural elements with the sections considered, which make up the building, through plastic ball joints, using a non-linear static analysis (PUSHOVER), to obtain an indicator of the performance of the existing structure. In the third structural model, viscous fluid-type energy dissipators with single diagonal-type configurations were implemented. In addition, three pairs of synthetic accelerogram records were considered, each with its two horizontal components N-S and E-W, parameters necessary to analyze the structure through a nonlinear dynamic analysis (Time-History), to obtain the behavior of the structure with more real data and control its effects resulting from the increase of the two required floors, with which results of the influence of the dissipators on the structure, floor drifts, displacements and performance levels were obtained. The structural elements and the proposed reinforcement system were designed based on the American Institute of Steel Structures Code (AISC 360-10), the American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE/SEI 41-17), and the Ecuadorian Construction Standard (NEC-15). Finally, the referential cost of the proposed reinforcement system was determined.
  • No Thumbnail Available
    Item
    Análisis Técnico Económico de Vigas Aligeradas y su Incidencia en el Diseño Sismorresistente de un Edificio de Estructura Metálica
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica. Maestría en Ingeniería Civil con Mención en Estructuras Metálicas, 2023-03) Jordán López, Andrés Sebastián; Ramírez Cabrera, Wladimir José
    The technical-economic differences between idealized structural systems with homogeneous web beams and beams with web openings emerge as the main elements of a steel building, considering occupational and seismic demands typical of Ambato city. In accordance with the architectural proposal for the implementation of a building, the input data for the construction of a mathematical model that adjusts, more closely, to the real conditions of the structure were defined. The structural analysis and design of the building guarantees its seismic behavior in accordance with the requirements established in the codes: NEC-SE-DS, NEC-SE-AC, AISC 341-16, AISC 360-16 and ASCE/SEI 7-16. Once this process was completed, the beams with critical demands were identified to be supported in a process of restructuring their geometry through the incorporation of rectangular and circular openings in their web, to establish structural and economic differences respect to a beam with a homogeneous web. Beams with circular openings suffer less vertical and lateral deformations under a controlled loading condition, in contrast to an equivalent beam with rectangular openings. When the web of a homogeneous beam is disturbed by perforations, the internal forces tend to increase around them; being the corners of the rectangular openings those that present the greatest concentration of these efforts. Respect to the economic factor, the construction of a residential steel structure with beams with web opening presents a minimal advantage with respect to a system with homogeneous web, due to the increase in the cost for its manufacture and assembly, in the local market.
  • No Thumbnail Available
    Item
    Análisis del comportamiento estructural del centro integral y cultural de los gobiernos parroquiales rurales de Pastaza en estructura metálica con el uso de aisladores elastoméricos, en la ciudad del Puyo, cantón y provincia de Pastaza
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica. Maestría en Ingeniería Civil con Mención en Estructuras Metálicas, 2022) Velasteguí Lara, Janne Carolina; Cañizares Ortega, Freddy Fernando
    The present research work performs an analysis of the structural behavior of a six-story building in metallic structure with the use of elastomeric seismic base isolators, which allows us to perform a comparative analysis of the structural behavior through the vibration periods that directly influence the floor drifts as displacements, of an isolated and non-isolated structure. It was performed prior to the analysis of several structural probabilities, seeking that the structure complies with the minimum seismic resistant requirements suggested by the Ecuadorian Construction Standard "NEC 15", as well as the Complementary Technical Standards for Earthquake Design, "NTC-DS-2017", the Chilean Standard "NCH-2745", the American Institute of Steel Constructions "AISC 341- 16" code and the American Society of Civil Engineers "ASCE 7-16, ASCE 41-13, which, by their design characteristics, provide seismic resistant safety. The mathematical model for the calculation was made based on the characteristics of the architectural and structural drawings, making a stabilized structure obtaining floor drifts and displacements in accordance with the requirements of the NEC-15 recommendations, consequently, the seismic isolation was made through the pre-dimensioning and design of the elastomeric base isolators with lead core type LRB. Subsequently, the scaled accelerograms were entered into the structural model of the software, in order to establish a nonlinear dynamic time-history analysis and to obtain a real analysis of the structure, a nonlinear static analysis was performed. With the data entered into the software, results were obtained for a building without isolation, including: vibration periods, displacements, floor drifts, basal shear, accelerations, overvoltage of the structure and energy balances; likewise, the basic seismic isolation was implemented in which the expected results were obtained, in order to perform a comparative analysis of a structure with and without isolation.
  • No Thumbnail Available
    Item
    Análisis comparativo de una estructura habitacional con diagonales excéntricas y una estructura sin diagonales excéntricas, ante una solicitación sísmica
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica. Maestría en Ingeniería Civil con Mención en Estructuras Metálicas, 2022-09) Salazar Gamboa, Alvaro Napoleón; Frías Torres, Alex Xavier
    The main objective of this research work was the comparative analysis of a housing structure under seismic stress, taking as a reference point the urban area of Ambato, capital city of the province of Tungurahua, where the building under study is located. A specialized software was used for the modeling and design of the structure, as well as the guidelines of the Ecuadorian construction standard NEC-SE-DS 2015 and ANSI/AISC 360 and 341, respectively. The results obtained were satisfactory with respect to drifts and deflections, according to the configuration in columns, beams and diagonals it was not necessary to redesign the sections of the structural elements. Regarding the analysis, it should be noted that both the structure without eccentric braced frame and the structure with eccentric braced frame obtained an adequate behavior, with drifts of less than 2 percent that comply with the stipulations of the standard, but a notable difference was evidenced in the sections of both columns and beams, obtaining a 45.88 percent reduction in the weight of the structural elements. In the structure with eccentric braced frame, the drifts were maintained within the established limits for this typology according to the NEC with the inclusion of some diagonals, which helped to improve the behavior, reducing considerably the different sections of the structural elements, thus lightening the structure, achieving a balance and avoiding torsional effects in the floor plan, as well as allowing compliance with the maximum floor drifts that limit seismic damage. It was concluded that the structure with eccentric braced frame presents a better lateral resistance to the action of an earthquake due to the addition of the diagonals, which are responsible for redistributing the lateral forces within the building, lightening the structure and considerably reducing the weight of the elements and the consumption of materials.
  • No Thumbnail Available
    Item
    Análisis del comportamiento estructural mediante el uso de aisladores sísmicos y disipadores de energía en un edificio de estructura metálica, aplicando la norma NEC-15
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica. Maestría en Ingeniería Civil con Mención en Estructuras Metálicas, 2022-08) Beltrán Vargas, Luis Miguel; López Arboleda, Gissela Vanessa; López Velástegui, Jorge Enrique
    In this project there is the need of understanding the dynamical behavior of the building, so there are three structural models that are presented, the first model consisted in an analysis of a conventional building. In the second and third models, seismic isolators and energy dissipators were incorporated, respectively, taking into consideration the criteria of the Ecuadorian Construction Standard (NEC 15), American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE 7-16, ASCE 41-13), American Institute of Steel Constructions (AISC 341-16). In the first stage of the analysis, the structure was analyzed and balanced, applying the recommendations of the NEC-15. Once the building was stabilized, the analysis of the conventional structure was carried out in order to determine floor drifts and displacements. Subsequently, the pre-dimensioning and corresponding design of the base seismic isolators was carried out, which were considered as elastomeric type devices with a lead core. In the third model, the design of the energy dissipators was carried out. With the necessary information, the values were entered into the calculation program to carry out the study of the structuralxv models. Once the structural model was generated in the software, data from the accelerograms were entered in order to perform a nonlinear dynamic time-history analysis, and a complementary nonlinear static analysis was performed. With the information entered in the software, the results for the first structural model were obtained, among the main results obtained from the structural package are: the floor drifts, displacements, displacement diagrams, energy balance diagrams, results of lateral loads, among others. In the same way, those analyses were developed in the structural models with the base isolation and energy dissipation devices, which, once the required results were obtained, a comparative analysis of the structural behavior was carried out, taking as main parameters of consideration the floor drifts, displacements obtained and energy balances.
  • No Thumbnail Available
    Item
    Análisis de los procesos de soldadura SMAW, GMAW Y FCAW en varillas de acero estructural corrugado ASTM A706, mediante juntas a tope con bisel en V simple y doble, y su incidencia en las propiedades mecánicas de la junta soldada
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica. Maestría en Ingeniería Civil con Mención en Estructuras Metálicas, 2022-03) Armas Real, Daniel Alberto; Vaca Ortega, Wilson Henry
    In order to provide an alternative to the traditional method of overlapping between reinforcing steel rods, it is intended to analyze some applicable welding processes to join reinforcing steel rods in the present work. The base material corresponds to reinforcing steel ASTM A706, the same one that is marketed nationally by the main steel mills and whose main characteristic is its good weldability. The welding processes used were the SMAW, GMAW and FCAW processes, and the joints used were single and double beveled butt joints for a rod diameter of 14 mm. The weld seams were made by a qualified welder and the welding processes were qualified by a welding inspector. The destructive tests carried out were the tension and macroetch tests, while the non-destructive test carried out was the penetrant dye test, which was carried out based on the structural welding code and based on structural welding code – steel reinforcing bars. Once the data was tabulated, the type of joint that presented the best mechanical properties for the FCAW process was the double V-bevel butt joint, while for the SMAW process good results were obtained for both types of bevel, however, after performing the analysis of welding costs, the type of butt joint with double V bevel was the one that reached the best cost-benefit ratio, despite the fact that compared to the other processes it was the most expensive; an additional benefit of this process is that it does not require an external shielding gas. The GMAW process, despite complying with the requirements of the code, did not obtain a good result in the percentage of elongation; Regarding the FCAW process, additional specimens were made to carry out the macroetch tests, because if a correct cleaning between passes is not carried out and the correct parameters are not used in the welding, a lack of fusion is obtained between the base metal and the base metal. input.