Unidad de Posgrado Civil y Mecánica

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Start date: 2020Subject: search.filters.subject.FEMA P-154

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    Evaluación de vulnerabilidad sísmica de edificaciones de estructuras metálicas en la parroquia Huachi Loreto, Ambato, Ecuador: Propuesta de reforzamiento estructural de una edificación representativa
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica. Maestría en Ingeniería Civil con Mención en Estructuras Metálicas, 2024-05) Balseca Pinos, Edgar Rafael; Chérrez Gavilanes, Diego Sebastián
    The city of Ambato is one of the areas with high seismic hazard in Ecuador, this parameter combined with the vulnerability of the buildings and the level of exposure, represent the level of seismic risk that could occur in seismic events. The seismic vulnerability of buildings allows us to quantify structural damage based on their own characteristics, being the only variable that can be influenced to reduce the level of risk, since it depends on aspects such as the type of structural system, presence of irregularities in plan and elevation, level of maintenance of the building, application of regulations and building codes. For this reason, it was essential to evaluate the existing metal structure buildings in the parish of Huachi Loreto, to provide an overview of the degree of vulnerability and seismic risk index that they present, and thus, apply a detailed vulnerability analysis for one of the most representative buildings and design a proposal for structural strengthening. To evaluate the seismic vulnerability, approved methodologies of rapid visual inspection were used through the forms established in the NEC 15, FEMA P-154 and FUNVISIS, these formats were adequate to evaluate a wide set of buildings in metal structure and collect general data of the parish Huachi Loreto, which showed that the vulnerability of the buildings is mostly high. Based on this study, the structure called EM09 corresponding to Plaza Pachano was selected to perform a more detailed vulnerability analysis using computational resources to apply the linear static and spectral modal method, with which the limits of floor drifts, basal shear and deflections were checked. The most relevant pathologies were the presence of corrosion, non-prequalified connections, inadequate assembly conditions, local and lateral buckling of the main and secondary elements. The strengthening strategy included increasing the cross-sections of the main elements until they were compact and also changing the secondary elements for more efficient sections. Finally, suggestions were made to maintain the structural system in favorable conditions for serviceability and seismic conditions.
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    Evaluación de la vulnerabilidad sísmica de edificaciones de estructuras metálicas de la parroquia La Península, Ambato, Ecuador: Propuesta de reforzamiento estructural de una edificación representativa
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica. Maestría en Ingeniería Civil con Mención en Estructuras Metálicas, 2024) Pérez Castro, Víctor Hugo; Chérrez Gavilanes, Diego Sebastián
    The parish of La Peninsula in the city of Ambato is located in an area of high seismic hazard in Ecuador. This parameter, together with the vulnerability of the buildings and the level of exposure, represents the level of risk that could occur in the face of these events. Seismic vulnerability is a magnitude that allows quantifying structural damage, failure modes and resistance capacity under the action of an earthquake, based on the characteristics of the building such as the type of structural system, irregularities in the floor plan, elevation, frequency of maintenance, application of regulations, construction codes and other parameters that are controllable, to provide an overview of the degree of vulnerability and seismic risk index of the buildings. The first step was to identify the buildings in which the main component was the metal structure, and from there, with the help of the forms proposed in the FEMA P-154, NEC 15 and FUNVISIS standards, it was finally possible to establish the degree of vulnerability of these buildings. For the interpretation of the results, the NEC 15 and AISC 360 criteria were used because the buildings found in the area were of traditional moment frames. A representative building in the area was selected to evaluate in detail the seismic vulnerability, in this case a linear static and spectral modal analysis was performed,
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    Evaluación de vulnerabilidad sísmica de edificaciones de estructuras metálicas en la parroquia Izamba zona 1, Ambato, Ecuador: Propuesta de reforzamiento estructural de una edificación representativa
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica. Maestría en Ingeniería Civil con Mención en Estructuras Metálicas, 2023-03) Toapanta Tixilema, Hugo Fabián; López Velástegui, Jorge Enrique
    The city of Ambato has a high seismic hazard. For all the buildings that have been built and will be built are directly exposed to a high seismic risk. Therefore, it is necessary to perform a seismic vulnerability analysis of the structures and specifically those which have been built in areas with geological faults or that have been implemented in places where earthquakes have previously occurred and caused human or material losses. The Izamba parish is one of the areas with high seismic danger due to the previously mentioned factors. For this reason, it was necessary to evaluate the state in which the metal structure buildings were found in terms of the structural system they were built with, and the irregularities that were part of each building. The methodology carried out for the analysis was mixed, the FEMA P-154, NEC 15 and FUNVISIS rapid visual inspection forms used qualitative criteria to determine the degree of vulnerability of the buildings, while the detailed analysis with linear methods was quantitative. For the interpretation of the results, the NEC 15 and AISC 360 criteria were used because the buildings found in the area were of ordinary moment frames. A representative building in the area was selected to evaluate in detail the seismic vulnerability. In this case, a linear static and spectral modal analysis was performed. Subsequently, a structural reinforcement system was proposed and its efficiency was verified by means of the static and modal spectral analysis and the seismic-resistant design criteria established by the current regulations in force. Finally, computational tools were used for the structural calculation and verification of the proposed design.
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    Evaluación de vulnerabilidad sísmica de edificaciones de estructuras metálicas en la parroquia Santa Rosa zona 1, Ambato, Ecuador: propuesta de reforzamiento estructural de una edificación representativa
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica. Maestría en Ingeniería Civil con Mención en Estructuras Metálicas, 2023-03) Suatunce Toaquiza, Víctor Jonny; Chérrez Gavilanes, Diego Sebastián
    Seismic vulnerability analysis is a relevant parameter within the context in which the city of Ambato is located. Due to the seismic hazard, buildings are exposed to a constant threat, especially those located in areas with geological faults, sites where earthquakes have previously occurred and generated collapses and human losses. The Santa Rosa parish is one of the areas with a high seismic hazard due to the previously mentioned factors. For this reason, it was necessary to evaluate the condition of the metal structure buildings in terms of the structural system with which they were built and the irregularities in elevation and in plan that were part of each building. The methodology carried out for the analysis was mixed, the FEMA P-154, NEC 15 and FUNVISIS rapid visual inspection forms used qualitative criteria to determine the degree of vulnerability of the buildings, while the detailed analysis with linear methods was quantitative. For the interpretation of the results, the NEC 15 and AISC 360 criteria were used because the buildings found in the area were of ordinary moment frames. A representative building in the area was selected to evaluate in detail the seismic vulnerability, in this case a linear static and spectral modal analysis was performed. Subsequently, a structural reinforcement system was proposed and its efficiency was verified by means of the static and modal spectral analysis and the seismic-resistant design criteria established by the current regulations in force. Finally, computational tools were used for the structural calculation and verification of the proposed design.
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    Evaluación de la vulnerabilidad sísmica de edificaciones de estructuras metálicas en la parroquia Izamba (Zona 3), Ambato, Ecuador. Propuesta de reforzamiento estructural de una edificación representativa
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica. Maestría en Ingeniería Civil con Mención en Estructuras Metálicas, 2023-03) Vargas Aráuz, Ángela Verónica; López Velástegui, Jorge Enrique
    This research work shows the application of the rapid visual inspection methodology according to FEMA P-154, with which it is possible to identify, inventory and examine the possible seismic risks of the buildings evaluated and with this information decide if a detailed structural evaluation is necessary. The seismic vulnerability according to FEMA P-154 is expressed in terms of the probability of collapse of the structure, with this information you can manage contingency plans before and after earthquakes and inform the owner of the building the status and possibility of structural reinforcement. After carrying out the evaluation of the selected buildings, a representative structure was determined located in the Izamba parish of the city of Ambato, which was chosen for its level of importance and based on the results of the previous evaluation. With the data obtained from the rapid visual inspection and the documentation obtained from the representative building, a linear static analysis was carried out, with the application of the Ecuadorian construction standard, to determine the current behavior of the structure according to its efforts, displacements, and maximum permitted drifts. The structural analysis determined that the building presents great flexibility and fails in some members such as beams and columns. As a solution to the problem detected, structural reinforcement was chosen with steel diagonals to increase the rigidity of the structure and incorporate additional structural members that support seismic actions. The research was completed by performing the nonlinear static analysis known as Pushover of the reinforced building, from this analysis the capacity curve is obtained and the probable performance of the structure before the design earthquake can be verified.
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    Evaluación de vulnerabilidad sísmica de edificaciones de estructuras metálicas en la parroquia Izamba zona 2, Ambato, Ecuador: Propuesta de reforzamiento estructural de una edificación representativa
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica. Maestría en Ingeniería Civil con Mención en Estructuras Metálicas, 2023-03) Torres Palate, José Antonio; López Velástegui, Jorge Enrique
    Due to the fact that Ambato is an area of high seismic danger, a vulnerability analysis of the buildings was carried out. In this research, the Izamba Zone 2 parish was covered, in this sector are located the companies destined to the industry, so when the inventory was carried out, 45 buildings of different typologies of steel structural systems were found. For the vulnerability analysis, the standardized FEMA P-154, NEC 15 and FUNVISIS forms were used to determine vulnerability by building and by zone in general. These forms allow the application of a quick visual inspection methodology that allows verifying the conditions of the building and its susceptibility to earthquakes. Subsequently, a detailed analysis was performed, using the evaluation criteria of NEC 15 to identify the seismic behavior of the selected building, in this study the linear static and spectral modal analysis was applied. The reinforcement proposal specified the elements that were added to the structural system and that allowed improving the behavior of the industrial building. It was determined that the selected building is vulnerable, however, with the application of the strengthening system, it could significantly improve the periods, displacements and resistance of the load-bearing elements.
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    Evaluación de vulnerabilidad sísmica de edificaciones de estructuras metálicas en la parroquia Huachi Grande, Ambato, Ecuador: propuesta de reforzamiento estructural de una edificación representativa
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica. Maestría en Ingeniería Civil con Mención en Estructuras Metálicas, 2023-03) Santander Paredes, Pablo Andrés; Chérrez Gavilanes, Diego Sebastián
    The district of Huachi Grande is part of the rural area of the city of Ambato; however, in recent years it has shown an important economic development not only through agricultural activities, but also through the industrial sector. The objective of this research work was to analyze the seismic vulnerability of metal structure buildings in the district and to evaluate in detail the vulnerability of one of the most representative buildings in order to design a reinforcement proposal. Methods such as rapid visual inspection using the forms established in FEMA P-154, NEC 15 and FUNVISIS were used. It was found that the vulnerability of the buildings in the district was high in the majority of cases. For this reason, an industrial building with a mixed system of hotrolled steel portal frames and cold-rolled steel trusses was selected; the building presented pathologies derived from conceptual errors in the design and assembly of the structure. A detailed vulnerability analysis was performed on the selected building through the linear static and spectral modal method; the limits of floor drifts, basal shear and deflections were checked. It was found that the building does not comply with the load solicitations established by NEC 15; therefore, it was necessary to propose a reinforcement system. The most relevant pathologies were local and lateral buckling of the main and secondary elements. The strengthening strategy included the addition of elements in the columns to form compact elements and also the replacement of secondary elements with more efficient sections. Additional failures were identified such as the inadequate location of tension elements in the trusses and the need to locate San Andres cross members. The reinforcement will allow the building to perform better under service and seismic loads.
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    Evaluación de vulnerabilidad sísmica de edificaciones de estructuras metálicas en la parroquia La Matriz, Ambato, Ecuador: Propuesta de reforzamiento estructural de una edificación representativa
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica. Maestría en Ingeniería Civil con Mención en Estructuras Metálicas, 2023-03) Mayorga Ases, Leticia Abigail; Caiza Sánchez, Pablo Enrique
    The city of Ambato is one of the areas with high seismic hazard in Ecuador, this parameter combined with the vulnerability of the buildings and the level of exposure represent the level of seismic risk that could occur in the event of seismic events. The vulnerability of buildings is the only variable that can be influenced to reduce the level of risk, since it depends on aspects such as the type of structural system, presence of irregularities in plan and elevation, level of maintenance of the building, application of regulations and building codes, and other parameters that are controllable. For this reason, it was essential to evaluate the seismic vulnerability of existing metal structure buildings to provide an overview of the degree of vulnerability of buildings in La Matriz district and, related to this, the seismic risk index. To evaluate the seismic vulnerability, methodologies approved by national and international entities were used, such as the NEC 15, FEMA P-154 and FUNVISIS rapid visual inspection forms, which showed good results to evaluate a wide range of buildings and collect general data for the La Matriz district. Based on this analysis, the Plaza Cívica Mercado Urbina was selected for a more detailed vulnerability analysis using computational resources to apply linear static, spectral modal, and nonlinear static analysis. With the detailed methodology it was possible to know in detail the conditions in which the building was found and the seismic performance, it was determined that the structural system is robust and that it behaves rigidly in the presence of seismic loads, however, there are construction details that could generate collapses by rupture failure mechanisms in the areas of stress accumulation, this was the case of the connections between beams and columns. To mitigate future problems in the building, a system of reinforcement and stress dissipation was proposed by means of a finite element analysis. Finally, suggestions were made to maintain the structural system in favorable conditions for service conditions.
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    Análisis de vulnerabilidad sísmica y reforzamiento estructural de la unidad nueva del Hospital Básico El Puyo, ubicado en la provincia de Pastaza, Ecuador
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica. Maestría en Ingeniería Civil con Mención en Estructuras Metálicas, 2023-03) Cáceres Vargas, Andrea Carolina; Caiza Sánchez, Pablo Enrique
    Seismic vulnerability in essential structures has been a subject of little analysis despite the importance that a building of this type entails, therefore, this research covers the constructive reality of the new unit of the Basic Hospital El Puyo, a structure built with regulations In force, however, the lack of technical criteria of the professionals who designed it significantly influenced the construction, generating cracking problems. During the development of this research, it was necessary to assess the vulnerability of this structure through quick visual inspections and the application of forms with the NEC 2015, FEMA P-154 and FUNVISIS methodologies. Then, non-destructive tests of concrete and soil tests were carried out in order to verify that the design plans have been respected. Subsequently, a mathematical model of this structure composed of two blocks was analyzed using structural design software, where, through a linear static analysis, it turned out that it presented torsion in one of its blocks, which is why a reinforcement was proposed. structural by means of steel stiffening diagonals in certain side frames. On the other hand, the current seismic performance of blocks 1 and 2 was considered, through a non-linear static analysis, obtaining as a result, that they do not meet the performance level for the rare design earthquake, since, the point The performance of these blocks is outside the capacity curve, its resistance being insufficient to meet the seismic requirements; Thus, under this criterion, the pushover was executed with the two reinforced structures, verifying that there is a good seismic performance. Finally, the soil-structure interaction analysis was carried out, verifying that the hospital unit presents permitted differential settlements.